2023-2024学年广东省百校高三下学期2月联合调研英语试题

2023-2024

学年广东省百校高三下学期

2

月联合调研英语试题

Suspension bridges, with their high towers and elegant spans (

跨度

), are achievements of

engineering. This list covers the longest main spans of suspension bridges around the world, not

longest total lengths, as those main central spans are where the real engineering magic happens.

Osman Gazi Bridge, Türkiye

The Osman Gazi Bridge is a splendid suspension bridge. The bridge was finished on July 1, 2016,

and at the time, it was the longest suspension bridge in Türkiye and the fourth longest in the world

by the length of its main central span, which measures 1,550 meters. It reduced travel time between

Istanbul and Izmir from six hours to around five.

Great Belt Bridge, Denmark

The Great Belt Bridge connects the Danish islands Zealand and Funen. The suspension bridge has a

total length of 6,790 meters and a main central span of 1,624 meters, making it the world’s sixth

longest main span — for now. It enabled a direct driving route from mainland Europe to Sweden

through Denmark.

1915 Çanakkale Bridge, Türkiye

The bridge’s construction, which began in March 2017 and concluded in March 2022, was

ambitious from the get-go. Spanning the historic Dardanelles Strait in northwestern Türkiye, the

1915 Canakkale Bridge is a symbol of national pride. Officially the world’s longest suspension

bridge, it stretches a remarkable 2,023 meters in its main central span.

Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge, China

Opened to traffic in October 2019, the Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan, Hubei

Province, China, is the longest suspension bridge in China and the third longest suspension in the

world. It spans 1,700 meters across the famous Yangtze River. The bridge notably has the world’s

longest double-level bridge span, accommodating various forms of transportation on its two levels.

1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A

．

To make more new friends from different countries.

B

．

To introduce some suspension bridges fit for tourism.

C

．

To present the challenge of building suspension bridges.

D

．

To show suspension bridges with the longest main spans.

2. Which bridge has the longest main central span?

A

．

Osman Gazi Bridge.

C

．

1915 Canakkale Bridge.

B

．

Great Belt Bridge.

D

．

Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge.

3. What is special about Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge?

A

．

Its name’s origin.

C

．

Its splendid views.

A self-described “girly girl”, nine-year-old Zandra Cunningham was constantly begging her parents

for the latest beauty products. One day her dad simply told her “no”, which inspired her to make her

own.

Zandra has been recognized by Entrepreneur magazine as one of the youngest millionaires in

America. When asked about her experience as a child entrepreneur (

企业家

), Zandra says, “It

wasn’t frightening. When you’re young, you don’t have that fear mentality. ‘Maybe it’s not going to

work’ never really crossed my mind.” For Zandra, it became a challenge to separate her personal

interest from what her customers actually wanted. “There were a lot of things that I felt were good

ideas, but they wouldn’t fit into the market,” she says. Being part of the market herself, Zandra felt

she had a unique perspective that allowed her to truly listen and respond to her customers.

It started as a hobby for Zandra and her mom. They’d play around with different ingredients until

they found formulas they liked “through trial and error”. Slowly, they started transforming the

pastime into a brand. Zandra began selling her products at local markets, and a few years later—

when Zandra was 12 years old — the family started a shop for Zandra Beauty. At the time, Zandra

Beauty was one of the first brands to offer plant-based and organic beauty products at an affordable

price. The 21-year-old has essentially grown up alongside her brand—but her goals have remained

the same: “Our main focus is to push out amazing products that are safe for everyone and the earth.”

“There’re so many brands doing similar things, but there’s still so much room to grow,” says

Zandra. “Your customers are out there, and you just have to find something that’s going to set you

apart.”

4. What can be inferred from Zandra’s words in paragraph 2?

A

．

Her young mind made her fearless.

B

．

Her parents supported her greatly.

C

．

She had much precious experience.

D

．

She was always very caring.

5. Which of the following is the most important in Zandra’s opinion?

A

．

Sharing her personal interests.

C

．

Changing the global market.

6. What kind of product does Zandra mainly pursue?

A

．

The one that is cheap and useful.

B

．

The one that is enjoyed by her mom.

C

．

The one that is created by trial and error.

B

．

The diversity of hobbies.

D

．

The need of customers.

B

．

Its double-level design.

D

．

Its construction difficulties.

D

．

The one that is reliable and eco-friendly.

7. What is Zandra’s attitude towards the future of her brand?

A

．

Hopeful.

Most air conditioners and fridges rely on contracting and expanding a liquid to either absorb or

release large quantities of heat. While these systems are relatively cheap and simple to produce, they

aren’t very efficient and require lots of energy. Besides, many of the coolants used are

environmentally harmful.

Now, Emmanuel Defay at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology and his colleagues

have developed a coolant-free refrigeration device made from the metals lead, scandium (

钪

) and

tantalum (

钼

). It can reach maximum efficiencies of more than 60%, almost double that of typical

single-room air conditioning units. The technology is based on a principle called electrocaloric

cooling, in which an electric field applied across a material changes the direction of electric charges,

causing a temporary increase in temperature and a succeeding decrease when the electric field is

removed.

To make their cooling system, Defay and his colleagues piled up eight strips of the material known

as lead scandium tantalate, which is electrocaloric, on top of one another and dipped them in a heat-

carrying liquid, silicone oil. When an electric field is switched on and the strips heat up, the liquid

moves to the right, and when it cools down, it moves to the left, creating permanent regions of hot

and cold of about 20℃difference. These regions can be used as hot and cold reservoirs from which

the oil can be circulated through pipes to cool or heat rooms or objects as desired.

“Although the efficiency of the device is theoretically 67%, the efficiency of the current design is

around 12%. This could be improved if a better conductor of heat than the lead scandium tantalate

were found,” said Defay.

“A highest performance has been achieved by combining known elements,” said NeilMathur at the

University of Cambridge. However, he added, the team only looked at the cooling power of the pile

of metal strips themselves, while it would be interesting to see how the entire device performs

together.

8. What does the author think of the system of traditional air conditioners?

A

．

Efficient.

C

．

Highly energy-consuming.

9. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A

．

The aim of Defay and his colleagues.

C

．

The proposal of Defay and his

colleagues.

B

．

The material of the new cooling system.

D

．

The working principle of the new

cooling system.

B

．

Expensive.

D

．

Environmentally-friendly.

B

．

Concerned. C

．

Doubtful. D

．

Relieved.

10. What matters in the current efficiency of the device researched by Defay’s team?

A

．

The extensive experiments.

B

．

The proper equipment.

C

．

The ideal temperature.

11. What’s the author likely to talk about next?

A

．

The performance of the new cooling

system.

C

．

The sales promotion of the new device.

A research model of dietary intake in 184 countries, developed by researchers at the Friedman

School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, estimates that poor diet contributed to

over 14.1 million cases of type 2 diabetes (

糖尿病

) in 2018, representing over 70% of new

diagnoses globally. The analysis, which looked at data from 1990 and 2018, provides valuable

insight into which dietary factors are driving the burden of type 2 diabetes in the world region.

Of the 11 dietary factors considered, 3 had an outsized contribution to the rising global incidence of

type 2 diabetes: insufficient intake of whole grains, excesses of refined (

精制的

) rice and wheat, and

the overconsumption of processed meat. Factors such as drinking too much fruit juice and not eating

enough non-starchy vegetables, nuts, or seeds, had less of an impact on new cases of the disease.

“Our study suggests poor carbohydrate quality is a leading driver of diet-attributable type2 diabetes

globally, and with important variation by nation and over time,” said senior author Dariush

Mozaffarian, Jean Mayer Professor of Nutrition. “These new findings reveal critical areas for

national and global focus to improve nutrition and reduce devastating burdens of diabetes.”

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the resistance of the body’s cells to insulin (

胰岛素

). Of the 184

countries included in the Nature Medicine study, all saw an increase in type 2 diabetes cases

between 1990 and 2018, representing a growing burden on individuals, families, and healthcare

systems.

The analysis revealed that poor diet is causing a larger proportion of total type 2 diabetes incidence

in men versus women, in younger versus older adults, and in urban versus rural residents at the

global level. Regionally, Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, particularly in Poland and

Russia, where diets tend to be rich in red meat, processed meat, and potatoes, had the greatest

number of type 2 diabetes cases linked to diet.

12. How did researchers draw their conclusion?

A

．

Through data analysis.

C

．

Through doing experiments.

B

．

Through follow-up visits.

D

．

Through worldwide surveys.

B

．

The research team’s next arrangement.

D

．

The appropriate materials.

D

．

Neil Mathur’s comments on the device.

13. What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 mean?

A

．

Impressive. B

．

Destructive. C

．

Rewarding. D

．

Identical.

14. Which of the following is less likely to cause type 2 diabetes?

A

．

Whole grains. B

．

Potatoes. C

．

Refined wheat. D

．

Processed meat.

15. What is the best title for the text?

A

．

Diets determine the type of diabetes

C

．

Type 2 diabetes is common globally

Negative people don’t do as well in any area of life including school, work, family, or friendships as

those who are more optimistic and pleasant. Nobody enjoys spending time with someone who

complains or criticizes. Grateful people are happier, kinder, more helpful, and more popular. 16 .

Catch your kid being wonderful

In everyday life, it is easy to focus on what is going wrong. Practice being aware of those moments

your child is doing something good, kind, or brave. 17 .

Start a bedtime gratitude practice

Think about one thing in your life for which you are grateful. It can be a person, an activity, a future

plan or even a possession. Think about how you have been or will be important in making that a

happy part of your life until you fall asleep. 18 . It is particularly useful for a child or adult who has

a hard time falling asleep.

19

Just like adults, kids are getting annoyed when they’re hungry, tired, cold or otherwise

uncomfortable. So do your best to give your child a predictable routine of meals, playtime, outdoor

time and rest.

Celebrate being alive

20 . And they usually respond well when we encourage them to focus on the goodness, surprises,

and amazing beauty we can always find here and now. Notice your child’s hopeful smile, your

neighbor’s flower garden, and colors that surround you. Say thank you to those that brighten your

day.

A

．

Avoid predictable negative experiences

B

．

Making this a habit leads to a deeper sleep

C

．

Be frequently, openly and intentionally grateful

D

．

Children are much better than adults at living in the moment

E

．

Fortunately, there are some simple ways to practice gratitude

F

．

Let your gratitude be the beginning of wonderful things to come

G

．

Show your child how much you appreciate their presence in your life

I was born in 1898 in Marshall, Texas, the oldest of five kids. Papa couldn’t ______ the money for

me to go to school. If I had one ______, it was never learning how to read.

B

．

It is important to improve nutrition

D

．

Type 2 diabetes is linked to poor diets