(完整)2006年考研英语真题及答案,推荐文档_图文

2006年考研英语试题及答案

Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor

D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)

　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness

has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless

people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training

programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost

housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates

____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on

another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s

studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this

decade.

　　Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly

difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three

meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__

the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a

significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not

addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives

_____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when

there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward

Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There

has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.”

　　1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore

　　2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain

　　3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward

　　4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep

　　5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not

　　6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ

　　7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that

　　8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending

　　9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers

　　10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss

　　11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only

　　12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house

　　13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering

　　14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas

　　15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance

　　16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up

　　17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating

　　18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus

　　19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes

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　　20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination

Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or

D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for

homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the

casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that

offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a

knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.

This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports

are other forces for homogenization.

　　Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether

elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory

Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to

assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10

years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890,

9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership

and intermarriage.

　　The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most

common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The

children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the

original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America

as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a

home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born

Americans.

　　Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born

whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-

Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.

　　Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold

Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the

United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”

　　Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have

a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social

induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

　　21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

　　A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing

　　22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

　　 a role in the spread of popular culture.

　　 intimate shops for common consumers.

　　ied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.

　　 its emergence to the culture of consumption.

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　　23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.

　　 resistant to homogenization.

　　 a great influence on American culture.

　　 hardly a threat to the common culture.

　　tute the majority of the population.

　　24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

　　A. To prove their popularity around the world.

　　B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.

　　C. To give examples of successful immigrants.

　　D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.

　　25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

　　A. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful

　　Text 2

　　Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there

are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare

Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial

Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not

to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other

sights.

　　The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They

frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.

It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself

an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

　　The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take

in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of

them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little

sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much

of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring

cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by

nightfall.

　　The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the

subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every

hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel

there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge,

the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

　　Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a

subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431

seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course,

is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people

who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They

all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing

jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the

theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them

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when the box office opens at 10:

Text 3

　　When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the

large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing

animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be

happening in the oceans.

　　That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as

Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have

looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to

estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular

parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper

published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a

new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some

long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

　　Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing

technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which

were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being

caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded

by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with

fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have

been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in

the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That

is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

　　Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future

management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among

marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the

massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a

relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum

sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is

about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do

business.

　　31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

　　A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.

　　B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

　　C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.

　　D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

　　32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that

　　A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.

　　B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

　　C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.

　　D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.

　　33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that

　　A. fishing technology has improved rapidly

　　B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

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　　C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

　　D. the data collected so far are out of date.

　　34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that

　　A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time.

　　B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass

　　C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

　　D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation

　　35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’

　　ment efficiency

　　s level

　　-size limits

　　logical application.

　　Text 4

　　Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only

job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

　　This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited

for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as

insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's

flowers of evil.

　　You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have

seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the

massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn

happiness in the world today.

　　After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to

depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence

of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an

ideology.

　　People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted,

lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy,

the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls

were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly

need their art to be a bummer too.

　　Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but

commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling,

smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And

since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of

happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before

we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

　　What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than

pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss

and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell

us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that

happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a

clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

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