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2024年5月1日发(作者:站酷网海报素材图片)
现代生物医学
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY*2021
• 1617 •
doi: 10.13241/.2021.09.004
铁死亡相关基因ACSL4、TFRC及Hippo通路关键分子YAP在
间皮瘤组织中的表达及意义*
张天赐口郭婷,孙秀璇1冯转1李勇3耿杰杰1吴佼1A
(1空
军军医大学国家分子医学转化中心&细胞生物学教研室陕
西西安710032;
2
空军军医大学基础医学院学员二大队陕
西西安710032;3
空军第
986
医院综合内科陕
西西安710054)
摘要目的:分析铁死亡相关基因长链醋跌辅酶A合成蘇4(acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, ACSL4)、转铁蛋白受
体(transferrin receptor, TFRC)及Hippo通路关键分子Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein,YAP)在间皮瘤组织中的表达水平、相
关性及意义,观察YAP活化对间皮瘤细胞系211H侵袭转移能力及铁死亡敏感性的影响。方法:应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化法
观察ACSL4、TFRC及YAP在30例间皮瘤组织和10例正常组织中的表达,分析蛋白水平及分布的相关性。GEP1A数据库分析
基因ACSL4、TFRC和YAP在间皮瘤组织中的mRNA水平相关性。应用逆转录病毒栽体于211H细胞中过表达活化型YAP
S127A (serine-127突变为alanine),利用实时荧光定量PCR检测ACSL4及TFRC表达;利用划痕实验和transwell侵袭实验检测
211H细胞迁移及侵袭能力;利用erastin刺激及SYTOX Green染色检测铁死亡敏感性。结果:间皮瘤组织中YAP细胞核表达、
ACSL4及TFRC阳性表达率显著高于正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(f<0.00丨,P<0.001,P<0.0001)。经Spearman秩相关检验,
ACSL4及TFRC蛋白在间皮瘤中的表达呈正相关(Spearman r=0.61 ,P=0.0003); YAP在细胞核中的表达与ACSL4表达呈正相关
(Spearman r=0.4872,P=0.0063)。GEP1A数据库分析发现,YAP与ACSL4、ACSL4与TFRC在间皮瘤中的mRNA表达水平均呈正
相关(5口63111«111"=0.33,/}=0.0019;5口6311113111=0.52,卢0.0000)。表达活化型丫八?的211^1细胞,八€514与丁?11(:1111^八水平与对
照细胞相比均上调;迁移侵袭能力增强;铁死亡敏感性增强。结论:YAP、ACSL4及TFRC在间皮瘤组织中表达具有正相关性;
YAP活化促进间皮瘤细胞侵袭转移能力,同时通过ACSL4及TFRC提高细胞对铁死亡诱导的敏感性。YAP、ACSL4及TFRC有
望成为预测间皮瘤铁死亡敏感性的潜在生物学标志物。
关键词:铁死亡;间皮瘤;组织芯片;ACSL4;TFRC; YAP
中图分类号:R-33;R73;Q291文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-6273(2021 >09-1617-06
The Expression and Significance of ACSL4, TFRC and Crucial Mediator of
Hippo Signaling YAP in Mesothelioma*
ZHANG Tian-ci'^ GUO Ting1, SUN Xiu-xuan1, FENG Zhuan', LI Yong GENG Jie-jie1, WU Jiao'A
(1 National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University,
Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; 2 Student Brigade No.2y School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi,
710032, China; 3 Department of Oncology, the Air Force 968th Military Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: This study was designed to explore the expression and significance of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family
member 4 (ACSL4), transferrin receptor (TFRC) and the crucial mediator of Hippo signaling Yes-associated protein (YAP) in mesothe
lioma tissues, and to study the regulation of YAP activation in migration, invasion and ferroptosis sensitivity of mesothelioma cells.
Methods: Tissue microarray containing specimens from 30 mesothelioma patients and 10 normal mesothelium was used. Immunohisto-
chemistry was applied to examine the expression of YAP, ACSL4 and TFRC, and the correlations between the expression of the proteins
were analyzed. The GEPIA database was also applied to explore the expression of YAP, ACSL4 and TFRC. Constitutively active YAP
mutant, SI27A (serine-127 mutated to alanine) was transfected into mesothelioma 211H cells using retrovirus system, and the ACSL4
and TFRC mRNA levels were examined by real-time PCR. Cells were subjected to an invasion assay and a wound healing assay to exam
ine the invasion and migration potential. Erastin was used to induce ferroptosis and cell death was analyzed by SYTOX Green staining
followed by flow cytometry. Results: We found elevated nuclear YAP, ACSL4 and TFRC levels in mesothelioma tissues compared with
normal mesothelium (nuclear YAP: P<0.001, ACSL4: P<0.001, TFRC: P<0.0001). ACSL4 was positively correlated with TFRC (Spear
man r=0.61, P=0.0003) and nuclear YAP (Spearman r=0.4872, P=0.0063). In GEPIA database, the mRNA level of ACSL4 was positively
correlated with YAP(Spearman r=0.33, P=0.0019) and TFRC (Spearman r=0.52, P=0.0000). YAPS127A mutant increased mRNA lev-
*
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(
31401222
,
31800756)
作者简介
:
张天赐(
1997-)
,男,本科生,主要研究方向
:
生物学,
E-mail:***********************
△
通讯作者
:
吴佼(
1986-)
,女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向:细胞生物学,
E-mail: jiaowubio@ 163_com,
电话
*************
(
收稿日期
:2020-
丨
0-23
接受日期
:2020-11 -19)
• 1618 •
现物医学
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY»2021
els of ACSL4 and TFRC, enhanced migration and invasion potentials of 211H cells, and sensitized ferroptosis of cells. Conclusions: YAP
and ACSL4 showed positive correlation with TFRC expression, in mesothelioma tissues. YAP activation increased migration and inva
sion of cells, but at the same time sensitized ferroptosis of cells by upregulating expression of ACSL4 and TFRC. YAP, ACSL4 and
TFRC might become potential bio-markers for indicating ferroptosis sensitivity of mesothelioma.
Keywords: Ferroptosis; Mesothelioma; Tissue microarray; ACSL4; TFRC; YAP
Chinese Library Classification(CLC): R-33; R73; Q291 Document code: A
Article ID: 1673-6273(2021)09-1617-06
核着色程度及比例作为判定标准。
1.2.2 GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis)数
据库分析利用 GEPIA 数据库(/)包
含的内容,可分析两个基因在肿瘤及正常组织中表达的相关
性。利用该数据库,我们分析了 ACSL4、TFRC和YAP在间皮
瘤组织中的mRNA水平,包括TCGA数据库中的87例间皮瘤
患者组织数据。
1.2.3细胞培养将细胞置于含10%胎牛血清(美国Gibco公
司)DMEM培养液中,于37°C、5% C02的培养箱中常规培养,
0.25%胰酶-0.02°/〇EDTA消化传代。
1.2.4细胞病毒感染在转染遗传物质到细胞基因组中的工
作中,重组逆转录病毒载体是一个强大和有效的工具。PQCX-
IH-nag-YAP-S127A 来自 Guan 实验室(Addgene plasmid
33092),其中127位丝氨酸突变为丙氨酸(serine-127 mutated
to alanine),无法被磷酸化,从而在细胞核中聚集,发挥其co-ac
tivator 的作用。将 pQCXlH-Flag-YAP-Sl27A 使用双质粒逆转
录病毒包装系统包装为逆转录病毒,与新鲜培养基以M比例
刖目
铁死亡(Ferroptosis)是近年来受到广泛关注的一种铁离子
依赖的细胞死亡模式,具有独特而严密的基因调控系统,不同
于凋亡、自噬、坏死、焦亡等死亡方式[u]。生化特征主要表现在
铁和脂质活性氧(Lipid reactive oxygen species,lipid R0S)的积
累、胱氨酸 / 谷氨酸逆转运体(Cystine /glutamate antiporter sys
tem, System Xc) 被抑制从而导致胱氨酸摄取量减少、谷胱甘肽
(GSH)合成减少等铁死亡与神经退行性病变及器官缺血再
灌注损伤密切相关,抑制铁死亡可干预疾病的发展进程除
此之外,激活铁死亡可有效杀灭肿瘤细胞[7]。在间皮瘤细胞系
中,Hippo通路关键分子YAP激活可提高细胞的铁死亡敏感
性'但YAP及其下游相关基因能否成为临床预测间皮瘤铁死
亡敏感性的指标,尚未有研究证实。本文利用组织芯片,通过免
疫组化法检测ACSL4、TFRC及YAP在人间皮瘤组织中表达,
分析其表达相关性;通过实时荧光定量PCR检测YAP激活后
细胞ACSL4、TFRC mRNA水平,通过erastin诱导检测细胞铁
死亡敏感性变化,旨在明确YAP、ACSL4及TFRC在间皮瘤中
的表达情况,探讨其成为预测间皮瘤铁死亡敏感性的生物学标
志物的可能性。
稀释,加人基因转染增强剂4^1^1111^〇1>^1^1«(5丨§-
ma-Aldrich),混匀后加人待转染细胞培养皿中。放于二氧化碳
培养箱(37°C、5%C02)孵育过夜,更换培养基,细胞感染48 h
后用Hygromycin筛选。
1.2.5实时荧光定量PCR 使用Trizol试剂提取细胞总
1材料与方法
l.i材料
间皮瘤细胞系MSTO-211H购自ATCC细胞库,胎牛血清
购自Gibco公司;DMEM及0.25%胰酶Trypsin购自美国Invit-
rogen公司;TRIZOL购自美国Invitrogen公司;逆转录RT试剂
盒购自美国ABI Applied Biosystems公司;实时定量荧光PCR
试剂盒购自美国Bio-Rad公司,光学显微镜购自Olympus,流
式细胞仪及Real-time PCR仪购自美国Bio-rad公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1免疫组化 间皮瘤组织芯片购自US Biomax公司,包
RNA,使用反转录试剂盒获取cDNA,置于-20°C冰箱中保存备
用。实时荧光定量反应体系为20 (jLL:iQTM SYBR® Green
Supremix(Bio-Rad,USA)10
ja
L,上、下游引物各 0.8 (xL,cDNA
模板 0.8 (jLL,RNase Free H20 7.6
jjl
L。以 GADPH 作为内参基
因,定量检测细胞中ACSL4及TFRC基因相对表达量,每个样
品设3个重复。使用引物序列如下:八051^4不(:<:<:丁〇八八〇-
GATTTGAG ATTC AC A, R-CCTTAGGTCGGCCAGTAGAAC ;
TFRC:F-TGGCAGTTCAGAATGATGGA, R- AGGCTGAAC-
CGGGTATATG A ; G APDH : F-CC ATGTTCGTC ATGGGTGTG,
R-C AGGGGTGCT A AGC AGTTGG 0
1.2.6划痕实验细胞划痕实验可应用于检测贴壁生长肿瘤
细胞的侵袭转移能力。将211H细胞或过表达YAPS127A的
211H细胞种于6孔板中,培养至100%融合度。去除培养液使
用无血清培养液洗涤后,用枪头在培养板底部划出笔直划痕,
用无血清培养液将划出的细胞轻柔洗去。加人含1%FBS的培
养基,倒置显微镜下观察并于标记点拍照。放入培养箱,24 h后
取出,在原位置拍照,评估划痕愈合能力。
1.2.7重组基底膜侵袭实验将Millipore生产的8 |xm孔径
小室放人无菌24孔板中。以无血清培养基按1:4稀释Matrigel
胶,吸取50 pJL加入小室的上室,在37°C放置2 h使其凝固。消
括30例间皮瘤组织和10例正常间皮组织对照,每例2个重复
点(MS801a)。免疫组化试剂盒购自美国Abeam公司。芯片于
601:烤片,梯度脱蜡,抗原修复后按免疫组化试剂盒说明进行
后续操作。使用一抗包括:YAP (CST, 1:400)、ACSL4 (Thermo
Fisher, 1:200)和 TFRC(Abcam, 1: 400)。DAB 显色后梯度脱水
封片,Aperio玻片扫描定量分析系统进行评分:IHC score
(H-SC〇re)=阳性细胞百分数x染色强度(0:无染色;1:弱染淡
黄色;2:黄色或深黄色;3:褐色或棕褐色)。ACSL4蛋白阳性染
色主要定位于细胞质,TFRC蛋白阳性染色主要定位于细胞
膜,YAP蛋白阳性染色同时定位于细胞质和细胞核。由于YAP
需要进人细胞核发挥transcription co-activator的作用,将细胞
现代生物医学进展
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY2021
■ 1619 •
化计数对数生长期21
IH
细胞或过表达
YAPS
127
A
的211
H
细
胞,洗涤后用无血清培养基重悬。将卜105细胞接种于上室。24
孔板内加人含10%胎牛血清的
DMEM
培养液。培养24
h
后,取
出小室,95%乙醇固定15
min
后,结晶紫染色15
min
。水洗净
背景并随机选取视野拍照。计数穿至膜背面的细胞数,求出平均
值。以对照组穿膜细胞数为参照计算实验组穿膜细胞比例。
1
.
2.8
细胞铁死亡敏感性
组基底膜侵袭实验及铁死亡敏感性组间比较采用
t
检验。
P<0.05
为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1 ACSL4、TFRC及YAP在间皮瘤组织及正常组织中的表达
免疫组化结果显示,
yap
表达于间皮瘤细胞的细胞核及
将
211H
细胞或过表达
细胞质中,呈黄色至棕黄色颗粒(图
1 A,B),
在正常间皮组织
中表达较弱(图
I C)。ACSL4
的表达主要分布于间皮瘤组织的
细胞质中,而在间皮组织表达较弱(图
1
D
.
E
.
FLTFRC
蛋白主
要表达于间皮瘤组织的细胞膜,在间皮组织表达较弱(图
1 G,
H
,
I
)。
30
例间皮瘤组织中
YAP
在细胞核中的阳性率为
93.3%,ACSL4
及
TFRC
的阳性率分别为
丨00.0。/。、96.7%; 10
例
YAPS
127
A
的211
H
细胞以2
x
1〇
5
/孔种于
6
孔板中,加人铁
死亡诱导剂
erastin
刺激(15
^M
)24
h
,同时加人
ferrostatin
-1作
为铁死亡抑制剂。加人
SYTOX
Green
核酸染料(5
nM
)染色10
min
,收集培养基中悬浮细胞,消化收集培养皿中细胞,合并后
置于离心机中1200
r
/
min
离心5
min
,弃上清后加人含1
%BSA
的
PBS
,过滤后在流式细胞仪上机检测。
1.3
统计学分析
使用
Graphpad Prism 7
软件进行统计学分析。用
t
检验比
用
Spearman
秩相关检验分析蛋白表达的相关性;划痕实验、重
正常间皮组织中
YAP
在细胞核中的阳性率为
40.0%, ACSL4
及
TFRC
的阳性率分别为
50.0%、40.0%。
根据
H-score
评分,
4
及
TFRC
在间皮瘤及正常间皮组织的表达差异
SL4:P<0.001;
图
:尸<0.0001)。
图
2A,Nuclear YAP…<0.001;
图
2B,AC-
较蛋白表达的
H
-
score
评分在对照组和间皮瘤组之间的差异;
具有统计学意义(
Patient 1
A
Q.
■
Patient 2
B
Normal Mesothelium
C
t
n
co
CJ
v
o
Q:
u_
l
图
1 ACSL4
、
TFRC
及
YAP
在间皮瘤组织及正常间皮组织中的表达及定位
Fig. 1 Expression and locolizaiton of ACSL4, TFRC and YAP in mesothelioma and mesothelium tissue.
Note: A-C: Staining of YAP. D-F: Staining of ACSL4. G-I: Staining of TFRC. Scale bar=200 ^m.
2.2 ACSL4、TFRC及YAP在间皮瘤组织中表达的相关性
间皮瘤组织芯片中,Nuclear YAP表达与ACSL4表达显著
正相关(Spearman 1-0.4872, /M).0063)(图 3 A),ACSL4 表达
与TFRC表达亦呈显著正相关(Spearman r=0.61,P=0.0003 )
(图3 C ),而Nuclear YAP表达与TFRC表达相关性不显著(图
3
B
)。进一步通过
GEPIA
数据库分析,发现基因
ACSL4、TFRC
及
YAP
在多种癌症中异常表达,而在
87
例间皮瘤组织中,
YAP1
表达与
ACSL4
表达、
ACSL4
与
TFRC
表达均呈显著正
相关
(Spearman r=0.33, P=0.0019;Spearman
(图
3D,E)。
0000)
• 1620 •
现物医学
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY*2021
ABC
图
2 ACSL4
、
TFRC
及
YAP
在间皮瘤组织及正常间皮组织中的表达差异比较
Fig.2 Comparasion of levels of ACSL4, TFRC and YAP between mesothelioma and mesothelium tissue.
Note: A: Levels of nuclear YAP. B: Levels of ACSL4. C: Levels of TFRC. Data are expressed as Mean± SD, n=30 for mesothelioma, n= 10 for
mesothelium tissue.
ABC
图
3 ACSL4
、
TFRC
及
Nuclear YAP
在间皮瘤组织中表达的相关性
Fig.3 Correlation of ACSL4, TFRC and YAP in mesothelioma
Note: A: Correlation nuclear YAP score and ACSL4 score. B: Correlation nuclear YAP score and TFRC score. C: Correlation nuclear ACSL4 score and
TFRC score (n=30). D: Correlation of YAP 1 mRNA level and ACSL4 mRNA level in mesothelioma of GEPIA database (n=87). E: Correlation of ACSL4
mRNA level and TFRC mRNA level in mesothelioma of GEPIA database (n=87).
2.3间皮瘤细胞211H中YAP活化对ACSL4及TFRC表达的
调控作用
于间皮瘤细胞MSTO-211H中过表达活化形式
YAPS127A后,实时荧光定量PCR检测ACSL4及TFRC表
达。发现与对照细胞相比.ACSL4及TFRC mRNA水平均表达
上调,分别为对照组的(4.76± 0.92>倍及(4.49± 0.59)倍
(P<0.01 )(图 4 A)。
2.4间皮瘤细胞21IH中YAP活化对细胞迁移及侵袭能力的
影响
(P<0.0_5)(图 4D-E)。
2.5间皮瘤细胞211H中YAP活化对细胞铁死亡敏感性的调
控
使用铁死亡诱导剂erastin( 15
jjl
M)刺激YAPS127A过表
达211H细胞及对照细胞24 Green染色后流式细胞
仪检测死亡阳性细胞比例,结果示,YAPS127A过表达211H
细胞SYTOXGreen阳性细胞比例为(55.1±6.丨4)%,对照组
SYTOX Green阳性细胞比例为(22.1士 3.24)%,差异具有统计
学意义(P<0.01)(图5A-B)。加人铁死亡抑制剂ferrostatin-l
YAPS
127
A
过表达211
H
细胞,并检测细胞迁移及侵袭能
(Fer-1 )后细胞死亡被抑制(图5A-B )。
力。与对照组比较,
YAPS
127
A
过表达细胞愈合明显,划痕愈合
面积比5
i
著增加,差异有统计学意义(
P
<0.001)(图4
B
-
C
);
Transwell
细胞体外侵袭实验结果表明,
YAPS
127
A
过表达组
3讨论
恶性间皮瘤(malignant mesothelioma, MM)是起源于间皮
细胞的恶性肿瘤.病因主要与一类致癌物石棉接触存关,可发
跨膜细胞数明
ffi
多于对照组跨膜细胞数,差异有统计学意义
现代生物医学
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY*2021
• 1621 •
A B C
图
4 YAP
活化对
211H
细胞铁死亡相关基因表达及侵袭迁移的影响
Fig.4 Regulation of YAP activation on ferroptosis-related genes expression and migration and invasion potential of mesothelioma 211H cell line.
Note: A: mRNA levels of ACSL4 and TFRC in 211H cells with YAPS127A overexpression. B: Migration of YAPS 127A 211H cells and parental cells.
Phase-contrast images were taken just after the incision (0 h) and 24 h post-incision (10
〇
x ). C: Data are representative of the percentage of wound closure
under the microscope. D:Invasion of YAPS127A 211H cells and parental cells as examined with transwell invasion assays (200x ). E: Data are
representative of the number of invaded cells normalized against parental cells.
A
DMSOErastin
B
1
1
i
1
( 0.652%
Note: A: Percentage of SYTOX Green positive cells in YAPS 127A 211H cells and parental cells treated with erastin and ferrostatin-1 for 24 h.
B: Experiments were repeated for three times and the statistical analysis was shown.
生在胸膜、腹膜、心包膜及睾丸等组织及脏器,其中约80%为胸
膜间皮瘤>"1。恶行间皮瘤生存率低,平均生存期为12〜18个
月"2|。传统方法如手术难以彻底清除肿瘤且创伤大,治疗效果
不理想;联合/不联合贝伐珠单抗的培美曲塞加顺柏化疗是恶
性间皮瘤的标准疗法,但存在有效率不高的问题™;靶向治疗
及免疫治疗联合化疗等联合治疗试验近年来逐渐兴起,可能为
恶性间皮瘤的治疗带来突破但总体来说,恶性间皮瘤尚无
广泛有效的治疗方案。
经典的程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death, PCD)包括
调亡、程序性坏死、焦亡、PARP-1依赖性细胞死亡、ft噬等II71。
le
c
a
je
d
21.5%
i
•
A________
10* .
〇
•
I
0 «0* *•* »**
<
5
sd
vA
+
—
i
l
i
. 0.678%
I
;
48.2%
上
i
图
5 YAP
活化对
211H
细胞铁死亡敏感性的影响
Fig.5 Regulation of YAP activation on ferroptosis sensitivity of mesothelioma 211H cell line.
铁死亡是一种非凋亡性的新型细胞死亡形式,其特征是细胞内
铁依赖的脂质过氧化物蓄积,在形态学、生物化学和遗传学上
与坏死、凋亡和自噬具有显著差别。铁死亡与神经系统退行性
疾病、器官缺血再灌注损伤、肿瘤等多种疾病的发生发展相关,
为临床疾病的治疗提供了新的思路和方法%。与正常细胞相比,
癌细胞对铁的依赖性和敏感性更强,研究证实,诱导铁死亡可
有效杀死癌细胞,研究铁死亡通路的分子机制、筛选铁死亡相
关抗癌药物对肿瘤的治疗具有重要意义。如肝癌化疗药物索拉
菲尼可诱发铁死亡;顺拍、阿霉素等化疗药物与铁死亡诱导剂
有显著的协同抗肿瘤作用"Ml1。但是,具有上皮表型的癌细胞对
• 1622 •
现代生物医学进展
Progress in Modern Biomedicine VoL21 NO.9 MAY»2021
[5] Gao M, Monian P, Quadri N, et al. Glutaminolysis and Transferrin
Regulate Ferroptosis[J]. Mol Cell, 2015, 59(2): 298-308
[6] Guiney SJ, Adlard PA, Bush Al, et al. Ferroptosis and cell death mech
anisms in Parkinson's disease[J]. Neurochem Int, 2017, 104: 34-48
[7] Jiang L, Kon N, Li T, et al. Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity dur
ing tumour suppression[J]. Nature, 2015, 520(7545): 57-62
[8] Wu J, Minikes AM, Gao M, et al. Intercellular interaction dictates can
cer cell ferroptosis via NF2-YAP signalling [J]. Nature, 2019, 572
(7769): 402-406
铁死亡诱导存在不同程度的抵抗,促进铁死亡的小分子化合物
更易杀伤高表达间质标志的癌细胞[8@。具有去分化特征的肿
瘤细胞及耐药肿瘤细胞对铁死亡诱导更为敏感[234。因此,筛选
预示铁死亡敏感性的标志物,不仅可以筛选更适宜给予铁死亡
治疗的病例,指导临床用药,而且有望靶向杀灭易发生侵袭转
移的上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)肿
瘤细胞、去分化恶性细胞及化疗药物逃逸的耐药细胞细胞,使
铁死亡成为更为有效的肿瘤治疗策略。
在恶性间皮瘤患者组织常出现Hippo通路失调,如可编码
膜突样蛋白(merlin)的抑癌基因NF2及LATS2失活Hippo
失调可抑制YAP的磷酸化,活化YAP信号,从而影响下游基
因转录。本实验发现细胞核YAP、ACSL4及TFRC在间皮瘤组
织中表达明显高于正常间皮组织,且三者具有正相关性,而
YAP激活可显著上调ACSL4及TFRC在间皮瘤细胞系中的
mRNA水平。Wu等间发现YAP可通过TEAD4结合于ACSL4
及TFRC启动子区并调控其表达。结合作者的工作,认为在间
皮瘤病人组织中YAP的过度激活与铁死亡相关基因ACSL4
及TFRC的表达增强密切相关。
ACSL4参与磷脂酰乙醇胺或磷脂酰肌醇等易氧化膜磷脂
的合成,促进多不饱和脂肪酸发生脂质过氧化,从而参与铁死
亡发生[26]。转铁蛋白受体(TFRC)对机体铁吸收调节至关重要,
转铁蛋白(TransferrinJF)通过与细胞表面上的TFRC结合形
成复合物而将铁通过胞吞作用运输入细胞,增加细胞内铁离子
浓度,增强细胞对铁死亡诱导的敏感性W71。本实验发现,YAP
激活可显著增强间皮瘤细胞系对erastin诱导铁死亡的反应,推
测由YAP下游ACSL4及TFRC介导。
另一方面,本实验发现YAP作为致癌基因,其激活增强间
皮瘤细胞侵袭迁移能力。Mizuno等^发现,YAP通过上调间皮
瘤细胞周期相关基因CCND1及FOXM1促进细胞增殖。在多
种肿瘤中,YAP通路激活与EMT及肿瘤耐药相关%30】。本实验
发现,YAP通路激活虽增强细胞恶性行为,但同时增强肿瘤细
胞对铁死亡诱导的敏感性。通过诱导铁死亡杀灭具有YAP激
活特性的肿瘤细胞亚群不仅可能有效消灭原位肿瘤,还可能抑
制肿瘤转移,杀伤耐药细胞及EMT细胞,成为潜在的肿瘤治疗
策略。
综上所述,本研究认为间皮瘤组织中YAP通路激活通过
ACSL4及丁FRC增强铁死亡敏感性,YAP、ACSL4及丁FRC有
望成为临床预测间皮瘤铁死亡敏感性的生物学标志物,从而筛
选适合实施铁死亡疗法的病例,为恶性间皮瘤的铁死亡治疗提
供新的策略。
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