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2024年4月16日发(作者：魅思源码下载)
阿尔茨海默病诊断标准提案
英文回答:
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. It is
a progressive disease, meaning that symptoms worsen over
time. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease,
but early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and improve
the quality of life for patients.
The diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease have
evolved over the years as our understanding of the disease
has grown. In 1984, the National Institute of Neurological
and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association
(ADRDA) established the first criteria for the diagnosis of
Alzheimer's disease. These criteria, known as the NINCDS-
ADRDA criteria, were primarily based on clinical symptoms
and excluded other potential causes of dementia.
In 2011, new criteria were proposed by the National
Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association. These
criteria, known as the NIA-AA criteria, aimed to
incorporate advances in biomarker research and imaging
techniques. They divided Alzheimer's disease into three
stages: preclinical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive
impairment due to Alzheimer's disease, and Alzheimer's
dementia.
To diagnose Alzheimer's disease, healthcare
professionals typically conduct a thorough medical history
and physical examination. They also administer cognitive
tests to assess memory, attention, and problem-solving
skills. Additionally, neuroimaging techniques, such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission
tomography (PET), can help detect brain changes associated
with Alzheimer's disease.
In my personal experience, my grandmother was diagnosed
with Alzheimer's disease a few years ago. She started
experiencing memory lapses and difficulty with daily tasks,
such as cooking and managing finances. Initially, we
attributed these changes to normal aging, but as the
symptoms worsened, we sought medical help. The doctor
conducted a series of tests, including cognitive
assessments and brain imaging, to confirm the diagnosis of
Alzheimer's disease. This diagnosis allowed us to
understand the nature of the disease and make necessary
adjustments to support my grandmother's well-being.
中文回答：
阿尔茨海默病是一种主要影响记忆和认知功能的神经退行性疾
病。它是一种进行性疾病，意味着症状会随时间推移而加重。目前，
尚无治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但早期诊断可以帮助管理症状并改
善患者的生活质量。
阿尔茨海默病的诊断标准随着对该疾病认识的增加而不断发展。
1984年，美国国家神经疾病和交流障碍研究所（NINCDS）和阿尔茨
海默病及相关疾病协会（ADRDA）建立了阿尔茨海默病的第一个诊断
标准。这些标准被称为NINCDS-ADRDA标准，主要基于临床症状，并
排除了其他潜在的痴呆症原因。
2011年，美国国家老年研究所和阿尔茨海默病协会提出了新的
诊断标准。这些标准被称为NIA-AA标准，旨在结合生物标志物研究
和影像技术的进展。它们将阿尔茨海默病分为三个阶段，临床前阿
尔茨海默病、由阿尔茨海默病引起的轻度认知功能障碍和阿尔茨海
默病痴呆。
为了诊断阿尔茨海默病，医疗专业人员通常会进行详细的病史
和体格检查。他们还会进行认知测试，评估记忆、注意力和问题解
决能力。此外，神经影像技术，如磁共振成像（MRI）或正电子发射
计算机断层扫描（PET），可以帮助检测与阿尔茨海默病相关的脑部
变化。
根据我的个人经验，我的祖母几年前被诊断出患有阿尔茨海默
病。她开始出现记忆缺失和日常任务困难，例如烹饪和理财。最初，
我们将这些变化归因于正常衰老，但随着症状加重，我们寻求了医
疗帮助。医生进行了一系列测试，包括认知评估和脑部影像，以确
认阿尔茨海默病的诊断。这个诊断使我们能够了解疾病的性质，并
做出必要的调整，以支持祖母的福祉。
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