(新教材)人教版 2019 高中英语选择性必修一 第一单元(拔高练习与解析

Unit 1 People of Achievement

1. The prison sentence he received was based on the number of crimes he ___ (commit).

【答案】had committed

【解析】考查时态。句意：他被判刑的年限取决于他犯罪的次数。设空处的动词时态表过去

( received)之前发生，故用过去完成时。

2. I thank you for your continued support and ___ (commit).

【答案】commitment

【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我谨对你们的不断支持和承诺表示感谢。此处与前面的support

对应，需填commit的名词形式commitment。

3. He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to ___ (practice) it.

【答案】practicing

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他喜欢演奏这种乐器并坚持练习。词组be committed to

sth/doing意为“致力于…，以…为己任”, 这里面的to为介词，后面需要接名词或动名词。

4. He admits that recently he has become addicted to ___ (play) online games.

【答案】playing

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他承认最近沉迷于网络游戏。词组be/become addicted to

sth/doing意为“对…上瘾，沉迷于…”, 这里面的to为介词，后面需要接名词或动名词。

5. Neighbors devoted their spare time to ___ (help) others rebuild homes.

【答案】helping

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：邻居们把自己的空闲时间用于帮助他人重建家园。词组

sth/doing…意为“投身于…，致力于…”, 这里面的to为介词，后面需要接名词

或动名词。

6. We simply want to inform people ___ (objective) of the events.

【答案】objectively

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我们只是想把事件客观地告诉人们。需要用objective的副

词形式objectively修饰动词inform。

7. The method of analysis must be objective ___ evaluating accident rate.

【答案】about

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：对于评价事故率的分析方法必须是客观的。be objective about

对...是客观的。

8. I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair ___ (evaluate).

【答案】evaluation

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我听说学生们给了这位新老师一个不公平的评价。形容词后

面需接名词。

9. It is widely acknowledged that students should be ___ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.

【答案】evaluated

【解析】考查语态。句意：人们普遍认为应该从整体质量方面评价学生。这里students和

evaluate是被动关系，故用过去分词。

10. He pronounces ___ (distinct).

【答案】distinctly

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他发音清晰。这里用副词修饰动词。distinctly意为“明显地，

无疑地，确实地”。

11. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of ___

(distinct).

【答案】distinction

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：并不需要太大的天赋，只要足以让她获得与众不同的感觉就

行了。介词of后用名词形式。

12. The ___ between Chinese and Japanese is not so obvious that it is not easy to ___ between

people from the two countries. (distinct)

【答案】distinction; distinguish

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：中国人和日本人之间的差别不是很明显，以致很难区分这两

个国家的人。第一个设空处，前面的定冠词the提示应填distinct的名词形式distinction；第

二个设空处，to后面应填动词原形构成不定式（做“so...”引导的从句的真正主语）。

13. The two suggestions are quite distinct ___ each other.

【答案】distinction; distinguish

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：那两个建议截然不同。be distinct from意为“与...不同”。

14. The longer this situation ___ (obtain), the more extensive the problems become.

【答案】obtains

【解析】考查时态。句意：这种局面持续的时间越长，问题波及的范围就越大。主语为situation，

应填obtain的三单形式。obtain在这里意为“规章、习俗等存在，流行”。

15. ___ (obtain) her degree, she answered 81 questions on over 10 papers.

【答案】To obtain

【解析】考查不定式用法。句意：为了获得学位，她回答了10多页纸上的81个问题。这里

用不定式结构“to obtain”表目的。

16. I’m afraid that the record you asked for is no longer ___ (obtain).

【答案】obtainable

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：恐怕你想要的记录已经找不到了。这里设空处做表语，应该

用形容词形式。obtainable意为“可获得的，能得到的”。

17. By ___ (analyse) the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.

【答案】analysing

【解析】考查动名词。句意：分析句子成分，我们就能多了解一些英语语法。介词by后接

动名词。

18. In the final ___ (analyse), I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.

【答案】analysis

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：总之，我认为我们都同情剧中的女主人公。形容词final后

接名词。in the last/final analysis意为“总之，归根结底”。

19. The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.

A. face B. prevent

C. raise D. analyse

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个团队正努力分析这个问题，以便能找到最好的解决

办法。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提出；analyse分析。根据语境可知答案为D项。

20. He insisted that he ___ (be) not ill but the doctor insisted that he ___ (take) medicine

【答案】was; should take

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他坚持说他没有病，但医生坚持要他服药。insist意为“坚

决要求，坚决主张（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词should do的形式；insist

意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

21. That is not love, and you know it. Why do you insist on ___ (call) it love?

【答案】calling

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：那不是爱，你知道的。你为什么坚持称它为爱呢? insist on doing

sth坚持要做某事。

22. A sudden stop can be very ___ (frighten) experience especially if you are traveling at high

speed.

【答案】frightening

【解析】考查现在分词。句意：一个突然的停车可能是一种非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你

在高速行驶。句中动词frighten与其所修饰的名词experience是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现

在分词做定语。

23. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ___ ( spend) with his students.

【答案】spent

【解析】考查过去分词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时

光。句中动词spend与其所修饰的名词time是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词做定语。

24. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ___ (catch).

【答案】to catch

【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：开会时我一直盯着钟，因为我要赶火车。这里动词不定式

作后置定语，表将要发生的动作。

25. He is thought ___ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

【答案】to have acted

【解析】考查不定式和时态。句意：人们认为他做了件蠢事。现在他丢掉工作只能怪他自己。

首先根据“be thought to do sth”（人们认为某人做某事），这里应填不定式形式；其次，根据

句意可知，act的行为发生在be thought之前，故用动词不定式的完成时。

26. Upon ___ (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move

the stone to the side of the road.

【答案】approaching

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当他走近那块大石头时，他停下来,放下他的担子，努力把

石头移到路边。介词upon后接动词-ing形式，用作时间状语，意为“一…就…；当…时”。

27. ___ is a great honour to have Professor Gao and Mrs Gao with us today.

【答案】It

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：很荣幸邀请到高教授及其夫人出席今天的活动。It is an honour

(for sb) to do sth意为“做某事对某人来说是一种荣幸”，在这里，It做形式主语。

28. It is a great honour for me ___ (address) the students of this university because you are an

important part of China’s future.

【答案】to address

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我在这里向本大学的同学发布演讲，感到十分荣幸，因为你

们是中国未来的重要部分。It is an honour (for sb) to do sth意为“做某事对某人来说是一种荣

幸”，在这里，It做形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式结构。

29. I feel greatly honoured ___ (welcome) into their society.

【答案】to be welcomed

【解析】考查固定搭配和语态。句意：被欢迎加入他们的社团，我感到非常荣幸。I feel

honoured to be sth意为“做某事，我感到很荣幸”。因为要表达“我被欢迎加入”，故用动词

不定式的被动形式。

30. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ___ ships are built for.

【答案】what

【解析】考查连词用法。句意：停泊在港湾里的船是安全的，但那并不是造船的目的。表语

从句中做介词for的宾语，表示事物，故用what。

31. At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. That’s ___ we could shelter

from the snowstorm.

【答案】where

【解析】考查连词用法。句意：在探险结束时，我们不得不选择住在一个山洞里。那是我们

可以躲避暴风雪的地方。表语从句中缺少状语。根据上文需要表示地点的状语，故用where。

32. They also had a small pond, ___ they raised fish.

【答案】where/in which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，在那里养鱼。空格处引导非限制性定

语从句，where/in which在从句中做地点状语。

33. But Sarah, ___ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has

brains as well as beauty.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意： Sarah曾和名模一起参加节目，但她想要证明她不但有脑子，

还有美貌。分析句子结构可知, ___ has taken part in shows along with top models是非限制性定

语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，故用who。

34. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ___ has

been proved.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关于为什么人类哭泣时，会流眼泪，科学家们提出了很多理

论，这些理论没有一个被证实过。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories,

指物，且关系词在从句中做of的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。

35. We will put off the picnic until next week, ___the weather may be better.

【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把野餐推迟到下个星期，到那时，天气可能会好一些。

空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是next week，且关系词在从句中做时间状语，因此

用when做引导词。

36. Many young people, most ___ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their

dreams.

【答案】of whom

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很多年轻人，其中大部分人都受过良好的教育，前往偏远的

地方，追寻自己的梦想。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Many young people，指

人，且关系词在从句中做of的宾语，故关系代词应用whom。

37. The number of smokers, ___ is reported, has dropped by17% in just one year.

【答案】as

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。as

作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主句后,也可以位

于主句中间。而which引导非限制性定语从句时，位于主句之后。

38. His early experience turned him into a ___ (passion) social reformer.

【答案】passionate

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他早年的经历使他变成了一个狂热的社会改革者。句中需用

形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词reformer。

39. He felt himself so ___ (power) attracted to the scientific ideal.

【答案】powerfully

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他感到自己被这科学理想十分强烈地吸引住了。设空处修饰

动词 attract的过去分词，故用副词形式。

40. The Greeks are still ___ (power) players in the world shipping.

【答案】powerful

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：希腊人依然是世界航运业强有力的竞争者。这里用形容词修

饰名词players。

41. This caused a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and ___ (consequent) to human health.

【答案】consequently

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：这对农业和食物链造成了威胁，由此而危及了人类的健康。

这里用consequent的副词形式修饰caused a threat to human health.

42. The Red Cross set up a camp for refugees ___ (flee) from the war.

【答案】fleeing

【解析】考查现在分词。句意：红十字会为逃避战争的难民设立了一个营地。flee与所修饰

的名词refugees是主动关系，用现在分词做后置定语

43. All things ___ (consider), your elder sister has better performances than you.

【答案】considered

【解析】考查过去分词。句意：经过全面考虑，你姐姐的表现比你好。consider与 All things

之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。

44. Much time ___ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health

problems.

【答案】spent

【解析】考查过去分词。句意：由于花太多时间坐在桌旁，办公室人员普遍受到健康问题的

困扰。spend与 much time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。

45. Vince heard the news that the soccer team lost the game again, tears ___ (come) down his face.

【答案】coming

【解析】考查现在分词。句意：文斯听说足球队又输了比赛的消息，眼泪从脸上流了下来。

tears与come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。

46. —What do you think of the teaching profession(行业), Bob?

—I find it fun and ___ (challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but

interesting.

【答案】challenging

【解析】考查宾语补足语的用法。句意：—Bob，你认为教书这个工作怎么样？—我觉得很

有趣，也很有挑战性。那是在做既严肃又有意思的事情。根据and前面的fun（有趣的）可

知，此处用形容词做宾补。

47. Mrs Smith finds it hard ___ (clear) up the mess, as her children are always in the way

whenever she tries to.

【答案】to clear

【解析】考查宾语补足语的用法。句意：Smith夫人发现整理东西很难。每次她要打算去整

理的时候，孩子们就碍手碍脚的。it在此做形式宾语，代替真正的宾语，即不定式短语 to clear

up the mess。

48. When she came to life, she found herself ___ (surround) by many people.

【答案】surrounded

【解析】考查宾语补足语的用法。句意：当她醒过来的时候，发现身边围着很多人。动词

surround与 herself之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做宾补。

49. My brother told me that he found the girl ___ (wait) for me at the gate, but when I went there I

found her ___( go).

【答案】waiting; gone

【解析】考查宾语补足语的用法。句意：我哥哥告诉我说，他发现一个女孩在门口等我。但

当我过去的时候，发现她已经走了。第一个空用 waiting表主动和动作正在进行；第二个空

用gone表示动作已完成。

50. No one can ignore the rich culture ___ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modem

age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.

【答案】dating

【解析】考查现在分词。句意：没有人能忽视古代丰富的文化以前所未有的速度和规模向现

代转变。句中动词词组date back to只有主动语态，在这里同宾语从句的主语“rich culture”

有逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式作后置定语。

51. 百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条，请你结合以下信息，为袁隆平编写词条。

姓名：袁隆平

爱好：听音乐，游

泳

职业：科学家

生活态度：生活简朴，淡泊名利

出生：1930年，北京

毕业院校：西南农学院（现西南大

学）

成就：(1)提高水稻产量，消除世界

饥饿

(2)杂交水稻之父

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 适当表达个人看法

参考词汇：西南农学院 Southwest Agricultural College；杂 交水稻之父 Father of Hybrid Rice

【思路导引】

明确写作要点，分三段写作：袁隆平生平→袁隆平的生活和爱好→袁隆平的贡献。

【参考范文】

Yuan Longping is a great scientist who is devoted to agriculture. Born in 1930, Yuan

graduated from Southwest Agricultural College. After graduation, finding ways to grow more

productive rice has been his life goal. Thanks to his research in hybrid rice, we have more tools to

increase the rice output and rid the world of hunger, for which he is honoured as “Father of Hybrid

Rice”.

Yuan Longping lives a simple life and he cares little about money or being famous. As for

hobbies, he enjoys swimming as well as listening to music.

Yuan Longping has made great contributions not only to China, but also to the whole world.

Therefore, in my eyes, he is more of a scientist; he is a pioneer for all people.

【亮点回放】

1. 大量短语的正确使用为文章增色不少。如：be devoted to, graduate from, thanks to, be

honoured as, live a ...life, as for, make great contributions to, in one’s eyes等。

2. 定语从句、非谓语动词等的使用使文章句式丰富。

3. 非谓语动词（动名词）做主语的应用是文章的一大亮点。

4. 关联词的正确使用使文章有层次感。如：, but also…, therefore等。