课文翻译

Unit 13

1 Travel has always appealed to young people Carla Power et al. with means. But American

kids are now on the move abroad in greater numbers than any previous generation. And these

voyagers - mostly in their twenties and early thirties-aren’t just doing a grand tour on

Mommy and Daddy’s credit card. Neither slackers nor disaffected dropouts, they defy the

stereotypes of Generation X. And they disprove the conventional wisdom that the post-cold-war

crop of Americans doesn’t care about the rest of the world. They may not want to be

foreign-policy geeks, but they are intensely interested in other cultures and languages, in the

kind of go-go job opportunities available in fast-growing foreign economies and in going

overseas as a way of finding themselves. Call them Generation G, for Global. One of their

unofficial mottoes: “Do it. Be it. Live it”.

旅游总是以种种方式吸引着像Carla Power et al的年轻人。然而，美国当代年轻人出国旅游的人数

比之前任何一代都多。这些游子---大多数都是二十几或三十几---并不是拿着父母的信用卡出国大巡游/

游学( a grand tour)。他们既不是懒家伙，也不是反叛的辍学者。他们蔑视人们对X一代人(generation X)

的定式思维。美国的传统观念认为，后冷战时期的美国一代不关心世界大事(自私，除了关心自己，其它

一概不管), 他们(以实际行动)证明这一传统观念是错的。他们或许不想当政客小丑，但他们对他国语言文

化极为感兴趣，对在经济上快速崛起的新兴国家短期工作感兴趣，也对通过出国的方式来寻找自我极为感

兴趣。权且称他们为G一代吧(G指global)。 他们的一句非正式座右铭是：“做你想做的事，作你想做

的人，过你想过的生活”。

2 Even some of the most aimless of today’s young travelers want to put their journeys to

good use eventually. “I’m hoping somewhere along the way, some voice will say, ‘ Here’s

where you should be, here’s what you should be doing’,” says Brian, a twenty-something kid

who is bicycling through Asia without an itinerary ( and won’t give his last name for fear of

worrying his mom). Many Gen-G travelers like Brian find their answer along the way. Beaux

Walker, 30, gave up a six-figure income selling bonds on Wall Street and started his own

computer business in China, where he makes much less money. “ This is so worth it,” he says in

Shanghai. “This is the real deal.”

即便是最漫无目的的游子最终都希望能充分利用自己的旅行。“我希望在我行程的某一段，有个声音

对我说: ‘这个地方你没白来，这件事情你做对了’ ,” Brian如是说。Brian是个二十出头的小伙子，他

骑着脚踏车在亚洲各国旅行，手头也没有什么行程安排。（他也不愿透露他姓啥，以免母亲替他担忧）。许

多像Brian以一样的G一代年轻游子都在旅途中解开了心结。Beaux Walker, 30岁，放弃了在华尔街从

事债券销售，薪水高达6位数字的工作，来到中国开了一家属于自己的电脑公司，收入少多了。“我觉得

值”，他在上海如是说，“这才是我真正想做的事儿”。

3 Many young people discover their interest in the outside world by participating in

study-abroad programs, which increased in number by about a third between 1991 and 1996.

Coffee was hooked as a 16-year-old Rotary Club exchange student in France. Jennifer Lewellyn, a

law student at a prestigious university in North America, did an internship last summer with

South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which is trying to close the books on the

horrors of the apartheid era. “ It’s easy to sit and theorize about the idea of justice,” she says,

“but when you walk into a black township and see what it means for these people to forgive, it

becomes a very in-your-face concept.”

许多年轻人出国留学，留学人数从1991到1996年几年间增加了大约三分之一。他们在国外找到了

自己的兴趣所在。Coffee就是一个16岁留学法国的交换生。他特别热衷于“扶轮国际”驻法分社的活动。

Jennifer Lewellyn，一所北美知名大学法学学生，去年夏天去了南非真理与和解委员会实习。该组织致力

于终结种族隔离时代的恐怖行为。“坐下来将法律公正的概念理论化很容易，”她说，“但是，当你真正

置身于黑人城镇，亲眼所见哪些黑人的宽恕意味着什么时，（你会觉得）给法律公平下定义就变得极富挑

战了。”

4 There’s plenty of work for young professionals overseas. Most emerging economies are

short of computer specialists, bankers, engineers and other professionals. Dean Carignan, 28, a

native of Alaska, already has his own business in akarta, the Indonesian capital. Last year he

started a firm that designs computer presentations for corporate customers. He thinks he may

sell the company eventually and return to the United States to study for an M.B.A. “Now that

I’ve seen how business really works on the ground, I want to look at the theory,” he says,

reversing the usual sequence.

在国外有很多工作都适合年轻的专业人员。大多数发展中国家都急需电脑专、银行、工程以及其它方

面的专业技术人员。Dean Carignan，28岁，是一个土生土长的阿拉斯加人。他现在印度尼西亚首都雅

加达有自己的营生。去年他开设一家专门为各大公司设计电脑显示板的公司。他想他最终还是会将公司转

让，回到美国继续深造学习工商管理硕士课程。“由于我已弄明白生意究竟是怎么做的了，我想学习理论

知识了。”他说，正好跟别人的经历倒过来。

5 Serious work can be done in some of the most sybaritic places on earth. Prague is one of

the most beautiful cities on the youth circuit. Some young Westerners go there just to hang out.

But many others “are coming with a purpose,” says Scott Roger, 32, who has lived in the Czech

capital for five years and was a founder of the Globe Bookstore and Café, the unofficial

headquarters of the American expat community in Prague. “ They’re coming here to do

graphic design, to write. They’re here to do serious things,” he says. “They came because

they heard from people who came over on the first or second wave that Prague is still great.”

人们可以在世界上最奢华享乐的地方从事严肃的工作。在年轻人的圈子里，布拉格是最美丽的城市之

一。西方国家一些年轻游子去那儿只是为了享乐一番。但是，有一些年轻游子却是“带着目的而来的”，

32岁的Scott Roger说。他在捷克的首都生活了五年并在那里开了间内设咖啡馆的全球书店。这也是旅

居布拉格的美国侨民非官方聚脚点。“他们来到这里或做平面设计，或创办杂志、或从事写作。”他说：

“他们之所以来，是因为他们听头一、两批来过的人说布拉格依然是个不错的地方”。

6 Not all Gen-G travelers have so much fun. Some are engaged in righteously serious

efforts to improve the planet, or some portion of it. They go on “green tours” or campaign for

human rights. Alexis Gison, 26, from Washington, D.C., works for Radio Zid (Wall) in Sarajevo, an

independent station that tries to appeal to all segments of the divided Bosnian capital. She says

Sarajevo is “nothing like Prague or Budapest, both of which I know. It’s rougher. It’s coarser,

more raw. You are getting closer to the heart of humanity somehow.” Another Washingtonian,

John Pluecker, an 18-year-old who is heading for Yale and a medical career, spent the summer in

Mexico’s embattled Chiapas stat, working at a “peace camp” to protect individuals

threatened by violence and volunteering in a local hospital. “ The idea was to work, work

alongside the people,” he says. “I wanted to get out of my little world. If I’m just looking

around, what value would that have?”

并非所有G一代游子都能享受这等乐事。有些人很严肃而认真地付出努力，以便改善地球或地球某

一部分的环境。他们参与“绿色环保游”，或从事人权运动。来自华盛顿特区，现年26岁的Alexis Gison

在萨拉热窝的Zid电台工作。这家独立电台正试图呼吁处于四分五裂状态的波斯尼亚首府的各分裂派系(团

结一心)。她说萨拉热窝“跟我所了解的布拉格或布达佩斯完全不同。萨拉热窝更粗野、更庸俗、更原始。

不知不觉地，你就逐渐接近到人的本性。”另一名打算就读耶鲁大学，将来从医的华盛顿人，18岁的John

Pluecker, 在墨西哥战火纷飞的切尔帕斯州度过了一夏。他在那儿的“和平阵营”工作，为受到暴力威胁

的个人提供保护，在当地的医院当志愿者。“我意在工作，和当地人一起工作，”他说：“我想走出自己

的狭小天地。如果我只是出来走走看看，那样的旅游有什么价值呢？”

7 In the end, most Gen-G travelers decide that you can go home, after all. But it isn’t

always easy. “Living abroad spoils you for real life,” says Amy Lam, 27, who has taught English

in Japan for four years, saving enough money to pay off $23000 in college loans. “ I am afraid of

the reverse culture shock,” she says. “I am afraid of feeling like a complete misfit.” She’s

moving on to South Korea. Some young expats fear that they will fall back into an old rut if they

go home. “You’re afraid it won’t be as exciting,” says UCLA grad Charles Newberry,29, who

has worked and backpacked in South Asia and Europe and now has a job as a financial-news

writer in Buenos Aires. “You’re afraid you’ll get caught up in American lifestyle again and

lose the incentive to go and live abroad.” But as this generation of young world travelers heads

toward middle age, with all its encumbrances, the American lifestyle is relentlessly moving

overseas. As it spreads and mutates, America itself may come seem more exotic.

最终，大多数G一代游子终究都会决定回家，但是并不总是那么容易。“在海外的生活放纵你过自

己真正想要的生活，”27岁的Amy Lam如是说。她在日本教了四年英语，存够了钱，足以偿还$23,000

助学贷款。“我害怕回去后自己文化带给我的冲击，”她说：“我害怕自己像个完全不能适应故土的人。”

她打算去韩国。一些年轻的侨民害怕落入老套的生活模式，如果他们回家的话。“你会害怕回家的生活不

再令人兴奋。”

29岁的加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的毕业生Charles Newberry说。他是个背着旅游行囊游

历于南亚、欧洲各国，走到哪就工作到哪儿的人。现在，他在布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷首都)从事金融新闻

撰稿工作。“你会害怕重新回到美式生活，然后失去再去国外生活的动力。” 然而，当这一代年轻的世界

周游者人到中年，承受各种压力时，美式生活方式会不断被带到海外。随着美国生活方式的传播和变异，

到最后，美国人自己反倒觉得它更具异国情调了。

Chinese into English :

Peking Opera, with 200 years of history, is valued as part of the immense heritage of Chinese

culture. Unfortunately, this heritage has seen its appeal to younger generations in China decline

in recent years. But when I was in Hawaii, I was surprised and pleased to see that some young

Americans were actively involved in this ancient Oriental art and seriously studying the songs,

speeches, movements and acrobatic conventions of the opera.

U15 text 1

America's international image problem

美国的国际形象问题

America is not loved like we once thought it was? The U.S. has an image problem, and it may

largely be due to our own communication as a nation. This has become increasingly apparent to

me over the past 10 years in travel to countries such as Nigeria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Poland,

France, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, where I have marveled at my increasing ability to watch CNN

and then see American films and television shows at nearly every switch of the channel.

1 美国不像我们以前想象的那样，招人喜欢；在国际社会上形象很差。这很大程度上是由我们自己国

家的交流媒介造成的。在过去的十年中，我感觉这种情况日益明显。这些年，我游历多个国家，诸如： ……,

所到之处，我都能在电视的任何频道观看到ＣＮＮ新闻，美国影视节目。对此我感到十分惊讶。

Almost every gangster and inner-city crime movie produced by Hollywood are now available

for international audiences. Images abound of wealth and excess in Americans' lifestyles and of

inner-city life with its crime, drugs, and prostitution.

2 世界各地的观众都可以看到好莱坞制作的几乎每一部匪片、贫民窟犯罪片。影片描绘各色形象：富

有而过分放纵奢靡的美国生活方式，以及平民窟的暴力犯罪、吸毒、卖淫嫖娼等等。

In addition, CNN has kept viewers up-to-date with news on sexual abuse by priests, Enron

financial manipulations, the latest White House or Congressional scandal, illegal campaign

contribution accusations, school violence, drug problems in rural areas and major cities, police

brutality, racial strife, and the political accusations made during the Florida presidential vote

recount. All received the same repetitive replay overseas as seen here.

3 除此以外， CNN滚动播报，更新各类新闻：牧师奸淫、美国安然公司对金融的操控、白宫/国

会的最新丑闻、对竞选中非法募捐的指控、校园暴力、乡村吸毒问题、佛罗里达州总统选举选票重复计票

的政治指控。 凡此种种负面新闻就像在本地（美国国内）得以滚动播报一样，在海外也得以滚动重复播

报。

One can not find in this mix the images of the real America--the America we want people in

other nations to know. The communication fails to project of the values we treasure as

Americans--such as freedom of religion and speech, charity for those less-fortunate, and

openness in the performance of government.

4 我们无法从（上述）种种现象中找到真正的美国形象---我们想要其他国家的人民所了解的美国。

传媒没有能够凸显出我们所珍惜的美国价值观---诸如：宗教、言论自由，扶贫济困的慈善行为、政府行

为的公开化。

The distortion of the image projected of average American life was impressed upon me by a

group of Brazilian mothers preparing to send their sons and daughters to a high school

exchange program in Indiana. Their concerns were about the safety of their children and the

drugs to which they might be exposed.

5 一群巴西妈妈们对由普通美国民众生活反映出来的美国形象的曲解给我留下深刻印象。她们原准

备把孩子送到印第安纳州一所中学进行交流学习项目，但是，她们担心孩子们（在美）的安全，还担心孩

子们会受毒品的影响/接触到毒品/ 沾上毒品。

International graduate students also confirm the twisted view in the messages this nation is

communicating. Students tell me of their fear in coming here and that of their families for their

safety. Where did they get their perceptions of life in the U.S.? They came from television--a

communication tool that is now increasingly available along with growing viewer access to

satellite news and successfully marketed American television programming.

6 海外留学生也证实了这个国家所传达的信息中有这种扭曲的形象。学生们跟我谈到他们害怕来这里

(指美国)，谈到他们的家长担心他们的安全。那他们是从哪里感知到美国国内生活的呢？当然是电视 ---

一种日益唾手可得的媒介工具，以及日益增多的媒体受众可以轻易得到的卫星新闻和成功销售海外的美国

电视节目。

Don’t get me m of the news media and access to information and

government records of the primary reasons our nation has an edge in the integrity of the

operation of its law enforcement,judical,political,and government trouble is the lack

of international viewer understanding of what to them is the repetitive communication of our

social t a frame of reference or an understanding of what we view as

entertainment rather than reality or of the way the news is reported in an open society,the

existing visualization and communication of lifu in the U.S. through the news media and

television shows contributes to more misunderstanding than understanding.

7 千万不要误解我的意思。新闻媒体的自由和各类资讯及政府文书的开放是使得我国完善执法、司

法、政治、及政府系统的两个根本原因。问题是：新闻媒介反复把我们的社会问题传播给国际受众，而他

们对媒体传播方式又缺乏了解。如果没有一个参照框架，不了解什么是我们认为的娱乐，什么是事实，不

了解新闻在一个开放社会里报道的方式，只通过新闻媒介、电视节目来传播美国的生活并使之形象化将会

导致人们对美国生活的误解多过了解。

So,what are the solutions other than control of the news media and the specific messages

we project through our entertainment industries?The answer lies in the way that we balance our

communication and shape it for understanding within the context in which the messages will be

U.S. government ,members of the news media ,the movie and television

industries,and all Americans traveling abroad should join in assuming responsibility for the

are the roles I would suggest:

8 那么，我们对新闻媒体是疏还是堵？要通过娱乐业投射出什么样的特殊信息？问题的答案在于我们

如何平衡我们的传播交流，对其加以改变以增进人们对所接受信息的了解。美国政府、媒介成员、影视行

业以及旅居国外的美国人必须携手共同承担责任。在此我对其各自分担的角色提出以下建议：

The role of gton should and must exercise process

should be one of monitoring what we are projecting as a country and educating citizens and

decision-makers of steps that can be taken to build international understanding of America’s

values.

9 政府的角色： 华盛顿政府应该也必须负起领导责任，对我们，作为一个国家，对外应投射出什么

样的形象进行监控，告诫国民、决策者应该采取什么步骤来建立国际社会对美国价值观的了解。

The role of the entertainment should be encouraged to develop their own

industry policies for the exercise of responsibility in marketing and distributing movies and TV

shows to international audiences where a frame of reference is lacking in terms of what may be

viewed an management judgment must prevail in deciding when international

viewers should be provided with information that will balance their understanding as to what is

real,what is entertainment,and what has been or is being done in America to address a problem

presented.A preface or postscript could contribute much to understanding.

10 娱乐行业的角色：应鼓励他们发展其自身的行业政策，并担负起责任。在对海外销售、发行电影、

电视节目时，为海外观众建立一个他们所缺乏的参照，让他们了解什么是虚幻的，什么是真实的。在决定

什么时候提供给海外观众信息，让他们明白什么是真，什么是幻，对影视节目所反映的问题已经采取了或

正在采取什么解决措施等方面，好的管理判断能力一定能奏效。前言或补充说明能非常有助于（国际观众）

了解（美国）。

The role of the ational news providers such as CNN should recognize a special

responsibility to report event so that those in international cultures will have a frame of

reference in which to interpret and understand the context of what they are

ation of the U.S.’s open records laws,the judicial system,consumer and investor

protection laws,the quality of education,and the role and responsibility of media in U.S. society

are a few examples of orientation needs,It cannot be assumed that international audiences will

have the same understanding as American ones because of a lack of common experience.

11 新闻媒体的角色：诸如ＣＮＮ之类的国际新闻提供者在报道新闻事件时应该认清其特殊的责任。

这样的话，生活在其他文化中的新闻受众将会有一个参照来理解他们所接收信息的背景。对美国公开的法

律文件、司法系统、消费者投资者保护法、教育质量、美国社会中媒体所扮演的角色、承担的责任等进行

解释说明。仅举几例说明海外媒体受众所需的方向标杆。由于缺乏共同的经历，我们不能想当然地以为其

它国家的媒体受众也会和美国媒体受众（对美国的新闻事件）有着同样的理解。

The role of the American international ans need to be reminded by our

government that they are visitors and guests when they travel and that,so they do,they become

role models for the perception gained of all also need to be reminded of the

values that we hold and of the key democratic advancements we enjoy in our ans

have to know that they share a responsibility in explaining these values and how they see

themselves benefiting from of all,Americans should not be timid in explaining why

they feel the values are universally essential for world peace as they become increasingly

globally we take these actions,we will have taken a major step in

correcting American’s image.

12 美国海外游子的角色：我们的政府有必要提醒国人，当他们旅行时，他们是游客。此时，他们就

成为美国形象的模范代表，人们从他们身上来了解所有美国人。政府还必须提醒国人不要忘记我们所持的

价值观以及我们所享有的重要的民主进步。美国人得明白他们有责任向他人阐述这些价值观以及自己如何

受惠于这些价值观。最为重要的是，随着全球相互依存性的日益增强，美国人应该大胆地阐述为什么他们

觉得这些价值观对于维护世界和平具有普遍的重要意义。我们采取以上行动时，在改变美国形象方面，我

们就已经跨越了一大步。

Chinese into English :

Television news reports and programs bring about bout positive and negative influence.

From the news reports, people get to know the great events that have happened, are happening

or will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famine in Africa. As a result, they

broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and

their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. Violence and

drug problems are harmful to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions

and illegal financial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things go worse

especially when international audiences lack context and a frame of reference.

Unit 13

旅游总是以种种方式吸引着像…的年轻人。然而，美国当代年轻人出国旅游的人数比之前任何一代都

多。这些游子---大多数都是二十几或三十几---并不是拿着父母的信用卡出国大巡游/游学( a grand

tour)。他们既不是懒家伙，也不是反叛的辍学者。他们蔑视人们对X一代人(generation X)的定式思维。

美国的传统观念认为，后冷战时期的美国一代不关心世界大事(自私，除了关心自己，其它一概不管), 他

们(以实际行动)证明这一传统观念是错的。他们或许不想当政客小丑，但他们对他国语言文化极为感兴趣，

对在经济上快速崛起的新兴国家短期工作感兴趣，也对通过出国的方式来寻找自我极为感兴趣。权且称他

们为G一代吧(G指global)。 他们的一句非正式座右铭是：“做你想做的事，作你想做的人，过你想过

的生活”。

即便是最漫无目的的游子最终都希望能充分利用自己的旅行。“我希望在我行程的某一段，有个声音

对我说: ‘这个地方你没白来，这件事情你做对了’ ,” Brian如是说。Brian是个二十出头的小伙子，他

骑着脚踏车在亚洲各国旅行，手头也没有什么行程安排。（他也不愿透露他姓啥，以免母亲替他担忧）。许

多像Brian以一样的G一代年轻游子都在旅途中解开了心结。Beaux Walker, 30岁，放弃了在华尔街从

事债券销售，薪水高达6位数字的工作，来到中国开了一家属于自己的电脑公司，收入少多了。“我觉得

值”，他在上海如是说，“这才是我真正想做的事儿”。

许多年轻人出国留学，留学人数从1991到1996年几年间增加了大约三分之一。他们在国外找到了

自己的兴趣所在。Coffee就是一个16岁留学法国的交换生。他特别热衷于“扶轮国际”驻法分社的活动。

Jennifer Lewellyn，一所北美知名大学法学学生，去年夏天去了南非真理与和解委员会实习。该组织致力

于终结种族隔离时代的恐怖行为。“坐下来将法律公正的概念理论化很容易，”她说，“但是，当你真正

置身于黑人城镇，亲眼所见哪些黑人的宽恕意味着什么时，（你会觉得）给法律公平下定义就变得极富挑

战了。”

在国外有很多工作都适合年轻的专业人员。大多数发展中国家都急需电脑专、银行、工程以及其它方

面的专业技术人员。Dean Carignan，28岁，是一个土生土长的阿拉斯加人。他现在印度尼西亚首都雅

加达有自己的营生。去年他开设一家专门为各大公司设计电脑显示板的公司。他想他最终还是会将公司转

让，回到美国继续深造学习工商管理硕士课程。“由于我已弄明白生意究竟是怎么做的了，我想学习理论

知识了。”他说，正好跟别人的经历倒过来。

人们可以在世界上最奢华享乐的地方从事严肃的工作。在年轻人的圈子里，布拉格是最美丽的城市之

一。西方国家一些年轻游子去那儿只是为了享乐一番。但是，有一些年轻游子却是“带着目的而来的”，

32岁的Scott Roger说。他在捷克的首都生活了五年并在那里开了间内设咖啡馆的全球书店。这也是旅

居布拉格的美国侨民非官方聚脚点。“他们来到这里或做平面设计，或创办杂志、或从事写作。”他说：

“他们之所以来，是因为他们听头一、两批来过的人说布拉格依然是个不错的地方”。

并非所有G一代游子都能享受这等乐事。有些人很严肃而认真地付出努力，以便改善地球或地球某

一部分的环境。他们参与“绿色环保游”，或从事人权运动。来自华盛顿特区，现年26岁的Alexis Gison

在萨拉热窝的Zid电台工作。这家独立电台正试图呼吁处于四分五裂状态的波斯尼亚首府的各分裂派系(团

结一心)。她说萨拉热窝“跟我所了解的布拉格或布达佩斯完全不同。萨拉热窝更粗野、更庸俗、更原始。

不知不觉地，你就逐渐接近到人的本性。”另一名打算就读耶鲁大学，将来从医的华盛顿人，18岁的John

Pluecker, 在墨西哥战火纷飞的切尔帕斯州度过了一夏。他在那儿的“和平阵营”工作，为受到暴力威胁

的个人提供保护，在当地的医院当志愿者。“我意在工作，和当地人一起工作，”他说：“我想走出自己

的狭小天地。如果我只是出来走走看看，那样的旅游有什么价值呢？”

最终，大多数G一代游子终究都会决定回家，但是并不总是那么容易。“在海外的生活放纵你过自

己真正想要的生活，”27岁的Amy Lam如是说。她在日本教了四年英语，存够了钱，足以偿还$23,000

助学贷款。“我害怕回去后自己文化带给我的冲击，”她说：“我害怕自己像个完全不能适应故土的人。”

她打算去韩国。一些年轻的侨民害怕落入老套的生活模式，如果他们回家的话。“你会害怕回家的生活不

再令人兴奋。”

29岁的加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的毕业生Charles Newberry说。他是个背着旅游行囊游

历于南亚、欧洲各国，走到哪就工作到哪儿的人。现在，他在布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷首都)从事金融新闻

撰稿工作。“你会害怕重新回到美式生活，然后失去再去国外生活的动力。” 然而，当这一代年轻的世界

周游者人到中年，承受各种压力时，美式生活方式会不断被带到海外。随着美国生活方式的传播和变异，

到最后，美国人自己反倒觉得它更具异国情调了。

美国的国际形象问题

1 美国不像我们以前想象的那样，招人喜欢；在国际社会上形象很差。这很大程度上是由我们自己国

家的交流媒介造成的。在过去的十年中，我感觉这种情况日益明显。这些年，我游历多个国家，诸如： ……,

所到之处，我都能在电视的任何频道观看到ＣＮＮ新闻，美国影视节目。对此我感到十分惊讶。

2 世界各地的观众都可以看到好莱坞制作的几乎每一部匪片、贫民窟犯罪片。影片描绘各色形象：富

有而过分放纵奢靡的美国生活方式，以及平民窟的暴力犯罪、吸毒、卖淫嫖娼等等。

3 除此以外， CNN滚动播报，更新各类新闻：牧师奸淫、美国安然公司对金融的操控、白宫/国

会的最新丑闻、对竞选中非法募捐的指控、校园暴力、乡村吸毒问题、佛罗里达州总统选举选票重复计票

的政治指控。 凡此种种负面新闻就像在本地（美国国内）得以滚动播报一样，在海外也得以滚动重复播

报。

4 我们无法从（上述）种种现象中找到真正的美国形象---我们想要其他国家的人民所了解的美国。

传媒没有能够凸显出我们所珍惜的美国价值观---诸如：宗教、言论自由，扶贫济困的慈善行为、政府行

为的公开化。

5 一群巴西妈妈们对由普通美国民众生活反映出来的美国形象的曲解给我留下深刻印象。她们原准

备把孩子送到印第安纳州一所中学进行交流学习项目，但是，她们担心孩子们（在美）的安全，还担心孩

子们会受毒品的影响/接触到毒品/ 沾上毒品。

6 海外留学生也证实了这个国家所传达的信息中有这种扭曲的形象。学生们跟我谈到他们害怕来这里

(指美国)，谈到他们的家长担心他们的安全。那他们是从哪里感知到美国国内生活的呢？当然是电视 ---

一种日益唾手可得的媒介工具，以及日益增多的媒体受众可以轻易得到的卫星新闻和成功销售海外的美国

电视节目。

7 千万不要误解我的意思。新闻媒体的自由和各类资讯及政府文书的开放是使得我国完善执法、司

法、政治、及政府系统的两个根本原因。问题是：新闻媒介反复把我们的社会问题传播给国际受众，而他

们对媒体传播方式又缺乏了解。如果没有一个参照框架，不了解什么是我们认为的娱乐，什么是事实，不

了解新闻在一个开放社会里报道的方式，只通过新闻媒介、电视节目来传播美国的生活并使之形象化将会

导致人们对美国生活的误解多过了解。

8 那么，我们对新闻媒体是疏还是堵？要通过娱乐业投射出什么样的特殊信息？问题的答案在于我们

如何平衡我们的传播交流，对其加以改变以增进人们对所接受信息的了解。美国政府、媒介成员、影视行

业以及旅居国外的美国人必须携手共同承担责任。在此我对其各自分担的角色提出以下建议：

9 政府的角色： 华盛顿政府应该也必须负起领导责任，对我们，作为一个国家，对外应投射出什么

样的形象进行监控，告诫国民、决策者应该采取什么步骤来建立国际社会对美国价值观的了解。

10 娱乐行业的角色：应鼓励他们发展其自身的行业政策，并担负起责任。在对海外销售、发行电影、

电视节目时，为海外观众建立一个他们所缺乏的参照，让他们了解什么是虚幻的，什么是真实的。在决定

什么时候提供给海外观众信息，让他们明白什么是真，什么是幻，对影视节目所反映的问题已经采取了或

正在采取什么解决措施等方面，好的管理判断能力一定能奏效。前言或补充说明能非常有助于（国际观众）

了解（美国）。

11 新闻媒体的角色：诸如ＣＮＮ之类的国际新闻提供者在报道新闻事件时应该认清其特殊的责任。

这样的话，生活在其他文化中的新闻受众将会有一个参照来理解他们所接收信息的背景。对美国公开的法

律文件、司法系统、消费者投资者保护法、教育质量、美国社会中媒体所扮演的角色、承担的责任等进行

解释说明。仅举几例说明海外媒体受众所需的方向标杆。由于缺乏共同的经历，我们不能想当然地以为其

它国家的媒体受众也会和美国媒体受众（对美国的新闻事件）有着同样的理解。

12 美国海外游子的角色：我们的政府有必要提醒国人，当他们旅行时，他们是游客。此时，他们就

成为美国形象的模范代表，人们从他们身上来了解所有美国人。政府还必须提醒国人不要忘记我们所持的

价值观以及我们所享有的重要的民主进步。美国人得明白他们有责任向他人阐述这些价值观以及自己如何

受惠于这些价值观。最为重要的是，随着全球相互依存性的日益增强，美国人应该大胆地阐述为什么他们

觉得这些价值观对于维护世界和平具有普遍的重要意义。我们采取以上行动时，在改变美国形象方面，我

们就已经跨越了一大步。

以下三课为教师教案

第6课P89中译英

It is important for a teacher to have a geniun capacity for sympathy --- a capacity to

understand the minds and feelings of other people. Closely related with this is the capacity to be

tolerant --- not of what is wrong, but of the immaturity of his students. It is essential for a

teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. It means that he will be aware of his

intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral

principles by which his life shall be guided.

第7课P105中译英

Let’s suppose there are three hypothetical, separate planes on which we listen to music.

The first plane is sensuous. On this plane, we listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound

itself and we hear music without thinking, without considering it any way. This is the simplest

way of listening to music.

The second is the expressive plane. On this plane we listen not only for the pleasure of the

musical sound, but also for the understanding of what the piece of music is saying. All music has

a theme. But while listening, each listener feels for himself the specific expressive quality of the

theme.

The third plane on which music exist is the sheerly musical plane. When we listen to music

we must be prepared to increase our awareness of the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies etc.

Actually, we never listen on only one or the other of the three planes. What we do is to

instinctively listen in all three ways at the same time.

第12课P190中译英

Mashall Mcluhan holds that we live in a global village, but I think we live in a global

archipelago so far as nature is concerned. Nowadays, we humans have divided the great

continental landscapes into pieces in the form of crop-fields, highways, parks and nature

reserves etc., owning to reasons known to all. The fragmentation has great negative ecological

consequences. This global archipelago will be a world that is starker, uglier, duller and lonelier for

us humans as a species.

第13课P190中译英

Peking Opera, with 200 years of history, is valued as part of the immense heritage of Chinese

culture. Unfortunately, this heritage has seen its appeal to younger generations in China decline

in recent years. But when I was in Hawaii, I was surprised and pleased to see that some young

Americans were actively involved in this ancient Oriental art and seriously studying the songs,

speeches, movements and acrobatic conventions of the opera.

第15课P190中译英

Television news reports and programs bring about bout positive and negative influence.

From the news reports, people get to know the great events that have happened, are happening

or will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famine in Africa. As a result, they

broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and

their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. Violence and

drug problems are harmful to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions

and illegal financial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things go worse

especially when international audiences lack context and a frame of reference.