【实用资料】船舶检验术语和船体英文术语知识分享

【实用资料】船舶检验术语和船体英文术语知识分享

在工作中，无论是大副，还是船长可能都会有同样的感受，往往只知道船体中文名，却不知道如何正确的表达船体术语或者理解检验术语。本期小海哥就来分享一份实用的船船舶检验术语和船体英文术语知识，有助于提高我们的船体术语和检验术语的标准化，更容易看懂检验报告和正确英文理解船体术语的英文解释。以下内容摘自船舶检验术语与船体术语出版物，希望本期内容对各位航友会有所帮助。

1. Hull Terms 船体术语

Accommodation Ladder is a portable set of steps on a

ship’s side for people boarding from small boats or from a

Peak Bulkhead is a term applied to the first main

transverse watertight bulkhead forward of the stern. An aft peak

tank is any tank in the narrow part of the stern aft of this last

watertight is the area between adjacent transverse

frames or transverse Keel is a piece of plate set

perpendicular to a ship’s shell along her bilges for about one

third her length to reduce Strake is the strake at the

turn of bilge extending outward to a point where the side rises

Hook is a triangular plate bracket joining port

and starboard side structural members at the ad

Deck is the uppermost continuous deck to which transverse

watertight bulkheads and shell are ad Structure is

the transverse or longitudinal bulkhead plating with stiffeners

and k is the vertical plating immediately above

the upper edge of the ship’s side surrounding the exposed

deck(s).Cargo Area or Cargo Length Area is that part of the ship

that contains cargo holds and cargo / slop tanks and adjacent

areas including ballast tanks, fuel tanks, cofferdams, void spaces

and also including deck areas throughout the entire length and

breadth of the part of the ship over the mentioned

Hold Bulkhead is a boundary bulkhead separating cargo

Port is a door or port in a ship’s side for the loading

or discharge of cargo or stores. Also called side gs are

supports usually of flat plate, welded in a fore and aft direction

between transverse deck beams to prevent distortion of the

is the covering or bulkhead around or about any

space for gs is wood sheathing or planking

fitted on various parts of the ship such as tank tops, ship’s sides

and bulkheads to protect the ship’s structure from damage and

also used to protect the cargo from g is the

vertical boundary structure of a hatch or dams are

spaces between two bulkheads or decks primarily designed as

a safeguard against leakage of oil from one compartment to

ion Bulkhead is the foremost main transverse

watertight ion Way is a weathertight entrance

leading from a ship's deck to spaces ed Space is a

space identified by one of the following characteristics:

limited openings for entry and exit, unfavorable natural

ventilation or not designed for continuous worker

Deck is the area between cargo

Ties are used to support the longitudinal bulkheads of oil tankers

againsthydrostatic and hydrodynamic Covers are

plates of bronze or steel working on a hinge serving to protect

the glass port light in heavy weather. Also called dead

House is a structure on the freeboard or superstructure deck not

extending from side to side of the Structure is the

deck plating with stiffeners, girders and supporting

Tank is a tank extending from the bottom or inner bottom up to

or higher than the lowest rges are any piping

leading through the ship's sides for conveying bilge

water, circulating water, drains etc. Also called Overboard

Bottom Structure is the shell plating with

stiffeners below the top of the inner bottom and other elements

below and including the inner bottom Keel is a keel

built of plates in box form extending the length of the cargo hold.

It is used to house ballast and other piping leading forward which

otherwise would have to run through the cargo ed

Superstructure is the superstructure with bulkheads forward

and/or aft fitted with weather-tight doors and closing

ent Number is used by classification societies

mainly to determine the size and number of anchors and chain

cables for a new is a bottom transverse

Deck Ship is a ship that has no superstructure on the freeboard

stle is a short superstructure situated at the

ak is the area of the ship forward of the collision

ard Deck is normally the uppermost complete

deck exposed to weather and sea, which has permanent means

of closing all exposed g Port is an opening in the

bulwarks to allow water shipped on deck to run

freely y is the raised walkway between

superstructure such as between forecastle and bridge or

between bridge and is a collective term for primary

supporting structural e is the upper edge of

the ship's is a triangular plate, usually fitted to

distribute forces at a strength connection between two structural

Coaming is the vertical plating built around the

hatchways to prevent water from entering the hold; and to serve

as a framework for the hatch Covers are wooden

or steel covers fitted over a hatchway to prevent the ingress of

water into the ship’s hold and may also be the supporting

structure for deck Ways are openings, generally

rectangular, in a ship’s deck affording access into the

compartment below. Also called Side Tanks are

tanks used for ballast or for stability when carrying

certain cargoes in bulk carriers. Also referred to as topside wing

ballast tanks and bottom hopper ndent Tank is a

self-supporting is the main structural member or

backbone of a ship running longitudinal along centerline of

bottom. Usually a flat plate stiffened by a vertical plate on its

centerline inside the Plate is the outboard strake of

the inner bottom and when turned down at the bilge the margin

plate (or girder) forms the outer boundary of the double

p Section is the cross section through the ship,

midway between the forward and after

Tunnel is the void space running in the midships fore and aft

lines between the inner bottom and shell plating forming a

protective space for bilge, ballast and other lines extending from

the engine room to the is the space below an

enclosed superstructure at the extreme aft end of a

Deck is the first deck above the shelter deck at aft end of a

Light is another term for side light or side

d Scantlings are scantlings that are allowed to be

reduced because approved corrosion control arrangements have

been entative Spaces is those which are expected

to reflect the condition of other spaces of similar type and service

and with similar corrosion prevention r is any

opening for carrying off water from a deck, either directly or

through e is a small opening in a deck or elsewhere,

usually fitted with a cover or lid or a door for access to a

r Plates are slanted plates fitted in dry

cargo holds to prevent undesired pockets of cargo. The term is

also commonly applied to slanted plates that are fitted to

improve the structural stability of corrugated bulkheads and

framing Strake is the top strake of a ship's side

shell Bottom Structure is the shell plating with

stiffeners and girders below the upper turn of ht. A

deck opening fitted with or without glass port light and serving

as aventilator for engine room, quarters, are separate

compartments including holds and is a term for

bulwarks and hatch coaming is the piece of bar or

plating at which a ship’s outside plating terminates at

her forward Frame is the heavy strength member in

single or triple screw ships, combining the rudder ner

is a collective term for secondary supporting structural

is a structure supporting cargo hold and tank

is a course, or row, of shell, deck, bulkhead, or

other th Deck is normally the uppermost

continuous deck. After special consideration of its effectiveness,

another deck may be defined as strength er Plate is

the outside strake of deck tructure is a decked

structure on the freeboard deck extending for at least 92% of the

breadth of the t Areas are locations showing

substantial corrosion and/or which are considered by the

Surveyor to be prone to rapid Bulkhead is a

boundary bulkhead in a tank for liquid cargo, ballast or

e Wing Ballast tanks are ballast tanks in bulk

carriers that normally stretch along the length of the ship’s side

and occupy the upper corners of the cargo Decks is

an abbreviation of between decks, placed between the upper

deck and the tank top in the cargo is an enclosed

empty space in a Bulkhead is a perforated or partial

bulkhead in a ight Bulkhead is a collective term for

transverse bulkheads required forsubdivision of the hull into

watertight and Water Strakes are the

strakes of a ship's side shell plating between the ballast and

deepest load waterline.2.几种经典船体建构术语

3. Hull Survey Terms 船体检验术语

Abrasion is the removal of material by mechanical, i.e.

rubbing or frictional, Corrosion means gradual

chemical or electrochemical attack on a metal producing loose

scale, by atmosphere, moisture or other ble

Corrosion or Wastage Limit is the acceptable thickness

diminution of structural is the positively

charged metal surface and the corroding part of an

electrochemical corrosion cell at which the oxidation or loss of

electrons icial anode or impressed current

uling is paint for use on underwater areas on hulls.

Antifouling contains agents who prevent the adhesion and

growth of organisms on the ial Corrosion or

Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is corrosion which is

induced or accelerated by the presence of micro

ng or Shot-Blasting is the cleaning of a metal

surface by a stream of abrasive r - a raised area,

often dome shaped, resulting from loss of adhesion between a

coating or deposit and the e Fracture is the

separation of a solid accompanied by little or no macroscopic

plastic deformation. Typically, brittle fracture occurs by rapid

crack propagation with less expenditure of energy than for

ductile fracture. Brittle tensile fractures have a bright, granular

appearance and exhibit little or no ng: a bulge

bend or other wavy condition of the structure caused by in plane

compressive stresses and /or shear Joint is a joint

between two structural members lying in the same plane.

Typically a butt joint is used to describe the welded connection

between two plates in the transverse e is the

negatively charged metal surface and the non-corroding or

protected part of an electrochemical corrosion ic

Protection is the partial or complete protection of a metal from

corrosion by making it a cathode, using either a galvanic or an

impressed current to bring a metal to a potential where it is

thermodynamically tion Damage is degradation of

metal surfaces, characterized by pitting, in which the pit profile is

irregular, occurring when very turbulent fluids are in contact with

the metal surface, and associated with the formation and

collapse of cavities in the liquid at the solid – liquid

-up Survey is a survey where the details of

structural members are within the close visual inspection range

of the surveyor, i.e. normally within the reach of g

Evaluation Criteria is normally an assessment of the extent of

damage registered in terms of coating breakdown area and/or

rust scales in % of area under consideration, normally the

complete tank, with additional information on coating damage

to edges and weld connection. Typical coating failures may be

given as additional g, often synonymous with

Painting, i.e. a protective film of thickness usually about 0,2 - 0,5

mm, applied to prevent corrosion mainly via a three main

mechanisms; the barrier effect, the cathodic effect or by

inhibition / ion Damage is damage caused by

physical impact between two or more ships used for

ion Assessment Programme (CAP) is a

voluntary system, which gives a detailed assessment of a

tanker’s actual condition at the time of inspection and is

available to both charter-parties and ion Survey

is a survey normally of limited scope and time and intended to

identify any anticipated structural or corrosion related

deficiencies and give an overall visual impression of the structural

t Damage is damage caused when the ship

strikes something other than another ship. (see also

'Grounding’).Corrosion Fatigue is the process in which a metal

fractures prematurely in a transcrystalline manner under

conditions of simultaneous corrosion and repeated cyclic loading

of lower stress levels or fewer cycles than would be in the absence

of a corrosive environmentCorrosion is the chemical or

electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal and

its environment that produces a deterioration of material and its

properties, usually an oxide is ion Prevention

System is considered a full hard coating; alternatively a full hard

coating supplemented by cathodic is a fracture

type discontinuity without complete separation characterized by

a sharp tip and high ratio of length and width to opening

e Corrosion is localized corrosion of a metal

surface at, or immediately adjacent to, an area that is shielded

from full exposure to the environment because of close proximity

between the metal and surface of another material. It is usually

associated with small volumes of stagnant water; within lapped

joints, under heads of fastenings, under gaskets and packings,

under marine organisms and porous al Structural

Areas are locations which have been identified from calculations

to require monitoring or from the service history of the subject

ship or from similar ships to be sensitive to cracking, buckling or

corrosion which would impair the structural integrity of the

tive Damage is an aggregation of damage due to

various physical causes,specifically applied to fatigue under

various stress ranges and Survey is a survey

requested as a result of hull damage or other

ation is a change in the form of a structure due

to stress, thermal change, change in moisture, or other

nation is peeling from undercoat or

t Attack is an attack under, or around, the edge

of a local deposit formed on a metal surface in the presence of

an e Fracture is the separation of a solid

accompanied by gross plastic Corrosion is

local corrosion at the free edges of stiffeners, brackets, flanges,

manholes city means the structural member's capability

of sustaining stress without permanent deformation, i.e. to

recover its original size and shape after the stress has been

ochemical Corrosion is corrosion associated with

the passage of an electric current. If the current is produced by

the system itself it is called Galvanic Corrosion and if it results

from an impressed current it is called Electrolytic

n Corrosion is a combined action involving

corrosion and erosion in the presence of a moving corrosive fluid,

leading to the accelerated loss of material. Erosion corrosion is

characterized by grooves, gullies, waves, valleys etc., usually with

directional pattern and with bright surfaces free from corrosion

n Damage is the physical removal of material

from a surface by mechanical means such flowing liquid

and it may be accelerated by ive Corrosion is an

extent of corrosion that exceeds the Allowable Corrosion.

Extensive Corrosion is an extent of corrosion consisting of hard

and/or loose scale, including pitting, over 70% or more of the

area under consideration, accompanied by evidence of thickness

condition is a term used to describe the

condition of a hard coating; with local breakdown at edges of

stiffeners and weld connections and/or light rusting over 20% or

more of areas under consideration, but less than as defined for

POOR is to smooth or fair up a ship's lines and

eliminating e is the phenomenon leading to

fracture under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a

maximum value significantly less than the ultimate tensile

strength of the re is the propagation of a crack

through the thickness of a material. ( see 'Brittle’ and 'Ductile’

Fractures )Galvanic Corrosion is electrochemical accelerated

corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more

noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive

izing is the deposition of zinc on to the surface

of steel to provide corrosion protection by both protecting the

steel from contact with the environment and giving sacrificial

l Corrosion or Overall Corrosion appears as

non-protective, friable rust of a uniform nature on uncoated

surfaces. Rust scale continually breaks off, exposing fresh metal

to corrosive attack. Visual judgment of thickness loss is difficult

until serious wastage has condition is a term

used to describe condition of hard coating; with only minor spot

ng Corrosion is local corrosion normally adjacent

to welding joints along abutting stiffeners and at stiffener or

plate butts or ing is contact of the ship’s bottom

with the sea Coating is a coating which chemically

converts during its curing process, normally used for new

construction, or non-convertible air drying coating which may be

used for maintenance purposes. Hard coating can be either

organic or inorganic and covers typical marine coatings such as

those based on epoxy, coal tar epoxy, polyurethane,chlorinated

rubber, vinyl, zinc epoxy, zinc Testing is carried out

to demonstrate the tightness of structures not subject to

structural (hydrostatic) or leak testing and to other components

that contribute to the watertight or weathertight integrity of the

neumatic Testing is a combination of hydrostatic

and air is deformation of structural members

caused by out of-plane loads like bottom slamming and bow

impact forces, contact with other objects tors are

substances used to prevent or retard a chemical or

electrochemical reaction, often used to render corrosion

products less soluble and thereby tending to stifle

electrochemical corrosion ificant Corrosion or

Minor Corrosion is an extent of corrosion with minor spot

rusting and such that an assessment of the corrosion pattern

indicates wastage generally not exceeding of 30% of the

allowable corrosion tion is an excessively large,

laminar, non-metallic inclusion, producing a defect appearing in

sheets or strips as segregation or in Joint is a joint

between two structural members that overlap each

Testing is an air or other medium test carried out to demonstrate

the tightness of the Corrosion is by name local in

nature, often appearing at areas with local breakdown of coating

or at areas with stress Scale is sheets of

rust falling off if the surveyor hits the structure with his test

hammer. Loose scale can best be removed by hand or power tool

cleaning or a combination of Scale is thick oxide film

formed on wrought-metal products which have been hotrolled

or forged and allowed to cool in air, the term is principally applied

to steel on which the oxide is essentially magnetic black

g Effect is a term describing local corrosion at

junction of plating and stiffeners due to flexure effects caused by

reverse, cyclic loading with loss of coating or shedding of scale

exposing fresh steel to further corrosion. The corrosion rate may

be rather high and accelerates with thinning of the -hire/Off-hire Survey is surveys carried out to state the ship's

condition prior to or after her chartering. The main purpose is to

record deficiencies or l Survey is survey

intended to report on the overall condition of the hull structure

and determine the extent of additional close-up

can be described as a liquid material capable of being applied or

spread over a solid surface on which it subsequently dries or

hardens to form a continuous adherent, obliterating

Cracking is deep cracks in paint that expose ical

Survey is a collective term of classification surveys carried out

after the delivery a ship and at prescribed time intervals, i.e.

annual, intermediate and renewal/special ing is

tiny, deep holes exposing nt Rusting is local

rusting at pinholes or rd Anode is a sacrificial

anode placed just above tank bottom in order to mitigate the

general and pitting corrosion g Corrosion is local,

random scattered corrosion mainly on horizontal surfaces and at

structural details where water is trapped, particularly at bottom

of tanks. For coated areas the attack produces deep and small

diameter pits which may lead to perforation. Pitting of uncoated

areas in tanks, as it progresses, forms shallow but very wide

scabby patches (e.g. 300 mm in diameter) and the appearance

resembles condition of general city is the

property of a material that allows it to be extensively repeatedly

deformed without rupture when acted upon by a force sufficient

to cause deformation and that allows it to retain its deformed

shape after the applied force has been condition

is a term used to describe condition of hard coating; with general

breakdown of coating over 20% or more or hard scale at 10% or

more of areas under and Thorough

Repair is permanent repair completed at the time of the survey

to the satisfaction of the surveyor, therein removing the need for

imposition of any associated condition of is a visible

corrosion product consisting of hydrated oxides of iron and is

formed on steel surfaces exposed to moist atmospheric

are excess flow of paint, also called runs or

is surface oxidation, consisting of partially

adherent layers of corrosion products, left on metals by heating

or casting in air or in other oxidizing atmospheres and is the

product of the corrosion process of steel with a porous surface

layer or flakes, in volume greater than the metal from which it

was ings are the dimensions of a ship's structural

members as girders, stiffeners and is a joint between

two structural members lying in the same plane. Typically a seam

is used to describe the welded connection of two plates in the

longitudinal -hard Coating is a coating that dries

or converts in such a way that it stays flexible although hard

enough to touch and walk primer is a rust preventing

paint for temporary protection of steel immediately after blasting

for protection of the material surface from corrosion during

construction and until the final paint system is

Coating is a coating that remains soft so that it wears off at low

mechanical impact or when touched; often based on oils

(vegetable or petroleum) or lanolin (sheep wool grease).

Application of soft coating does generally not allow relaxation of

the extent of periodical hull survey requirements of ballast

ory Survey is a collective term of surveys required to

meet International Convention requirements such as Load Line,

SOLAS and is any forced change in the

dimensions of a structural Concentration or

Stress Raiser is a term used of any notch, crack, hole, corner,

groove, attachment or other interruption to smooth flow of stress

and strain in structures introduces a concentration of

Corrosion is the preferential attack of areas under

tensile stress in a corrosive environment, where such an

environment alone would not have caused e

stresses may be residual stresses from welding or cold-working

or applied working Coating is used to produce a

coating with sufficient film thickness on edges, corners, weld

seams and other areas that are difficult to coat using airless

ural Testing or Tank Testing is a hydrostatic test

carried out to demonstrate the structural adequacy of design and

tightness of tank ntial Corrosion is an extent

of corrosion such that assessment of corrosion pattern indicates

wastage in excess of 75% of allowable corrosion, but within

allowable corrosion is a collective term for

examination, testing and evaluation of results and decision

t Areas are locations showing substantial

corrosion and/or are considered to be prone to rapid

erse Section includes, for thickness

measurement purposes, all longitudinal members such as plating,

longitudinals and girders at the deck, side, bottom, inner bottom

and longitudinal bulkheads. For transversely framed ships, a

transverse section includes adjacent frames and their end

connections in way of transverse section. Also called

ight means capable of preventing the passage

of water through the structure under a head of water for which

the surrounding structure is is the deterioration

of a surface due to relative motion between it and

rtight means that in any sea condition water will

not penetrate into the Metal Corrosion is a

preferential corrosion of the weld deposit due to an electrolytic

action between the weld metal and base metal.以上即为本期关于船舶检验术语与船体术语的内容分享，希望本期的分享能给各位船长带来收获，感谢您的阅读。