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2024年4月12日发(作者：c++哪个培训机构好)
山 东 理 工 大 学 教 案
第 7 次课 教学课型：理论课 □ 实验课□ 习题课□ 实践课□ 技能课□ 其它□
主要教学内容（注明：* 重点 # 难点 ）：
Using language and speech delivery
1.
Language is important
2. Meaning of words
3. Using language accurately
4. *Using language clearly
5. *Using language vividly
6. Using language appropriately
7. A note on inclusive language
教学目的要求：
Learn the ways to use language accurately, clearly, vividly and appropriately.
教学方法和教学手段：
讲授， ppt
讨论、思考题、作业：
What are the ways to generate imagery?
How to make your language vividly?
参考资料：
The art of public speaking
Be a great speech maker
注：教案附后
1
Lesson 6 Using language
Language is important： Language is the carrier of ideas, all effective communication is based
on the proper use of language.
Meaning of words
Words have two kinds of meanings: denotative and connotative.
1. Denotative meaning: the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase
Example: School: a place, institution, or building where instruction is given
2. Connotative meaning: the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a
word or phrase. It is more variable, figurative, and subjective. Put it simply, the connotative
meaning of a word is what the word suggests or implies.
Example: School: the connotative meaning of this word includes all the feelings, associations
and emotions that the word touches off in different people. For some people, “school” might
connote personal growth, childhood friends, and a special teacher. For others, it might connote
frustration, discipline, and boring homework..
Connotative meaning gives words their intensity and emotional power. It arouses in listeners
feelings of anger, pity, love, fear, friendship, nostalgia, greed, guilt, and the like.
Which meaning should you use? It depends on the audience, the occasion and the speaker’s
purpose. If you want to stir up your listeners’ emotions, rally them to some cause, then select
words with more intense connotative meanings. If you are addressing a controversial issue and
trying to seem completely impartial, then select words that touches off less intense reactions.
Using language accurately
Using language accurately is vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately is to an accountant.
Words are the tools of the speaker’s craft. Good speakers use them accurately and correctly.
They also use language that will be clear, vivid, and appropriate for their listeners.
Using language clearly
familiar words
Familiar words are better than unfamiliar ones.
One of the greatest barriers to clear speech is using big, bloated words where short, sharp ones
will do the job better.
Link the following websites to learn the right word to express your ideas:
/lucas8
/esl/english/grammar/
2. Choose concrete words
Concrete words: words that refer to tangible objects
Abstract words: words that refer to ideas or concepts
Keep this in mind: few words are completely abstract or concrete. Abstractness and
concreteness are relative. “Apple pie” is concrete, but the phrase also has abstract values of
patriotism and conventional morals.
Compare the following two examples:
Example one: Fire ants have been a problem ever since they arrive in the United States. They
have spread across the South and now threaten various parts of the West as well. This is a
serious problem because fire ants are highly aggressive. There have even been human casualties
2
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