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2024年4月13日发(作者：directoryindex函数的含义)
What Is Construction Project
Management?
Construction projects requires knowledge of modern management as
well as an understanding of the design and construction process.
Construction projects have a specific set of objectives and
constraints such as a required time frame for completion. While the
relevant technology, institutional arrangements or processes will
differ, the management of such projects has much in common with
the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or
technology domains such as aerospace, pharmaceutical and energy
developments.
Generally, project management is distinguished from the general
management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a
project. A project organization will generally be terminated when the
mission is accomplished. According to the Project Management
Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as
follows:
Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human
and material resources throughout the life of a project by using
modern management techniques to achieve predetermined
objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.
By contrast, the general management of business and industrial
corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of
operations. Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities as well as
differences between the two so that modern management techniques
developed for general management may be adapted for project
management.
The Basic Ingredients
The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be
represented schematically in the figure below. A working knowledge
of general management and familiarity with the special knowledge
domain related to the project are indispensable. Supporting
disciplines such as computer science and decision science may also
play an important role. In fact, modern management practices and
various special knowledge domains have absorbed various
techniques or tools which were once identified only with the
supporting disciplines. For example, computer-based information
systems and decision support systems are now common-place tools
for general management. Similarly, many operations research
techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are
now widely used in many knowledge or application domains.
Specifically, project management in construction encompasses a set
of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing a series
of operations subject to resource constraints. There are potential
conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope, cost,
time and quality, and the constraints imposed on human material and
financial resources. These conflicts should be resolved at the onset
of a project by making the necessary tradeoffs or creating new
alternatives. Subsequently, the functions of project management for
construction generally include the following:
1. Specification of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope,
budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project
participants.
2. Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor,
materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.
3. Implementation of various operations through proper coordination and control of
planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process.
4. Development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving
conflicts among the various participants.
5.
Nine Distinct Areas
The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas
requiring project manager knowledge and attention:
1. Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements are
effectively coordinated.
2. Project scope management to ensure that all the work required (and only the
required work) is included.
3. Project time management to provide an effective project schedule.
4. Project cost management to identify needed resources and maintain budget
control.
5. Project quality management to ensure functional requirements are met.
6. Project human resource management to development and effectively employ
project personnel.
7. Project communications management to ensure effective internal and external
communications.
8. Project risk management to analyze and mitigate potential risks.
9. Project procurement management to obtain necessary resources from external
sources.
These nine areas form the basis of the Project Management
Institute’s certification program for project managers in any industry.
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