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2024年4月12日发(作者：品质好的it编程培训机构)
Social factors that influence the use of language
Before we learn the social factors that influence the use of languang, I would
like to give an interpretion of language and society. The answer to the question
what is society is that society is any group of people who are driven togehteter for
a certain purpose or purposes. Then what is language? Language is what the
members of a particular society speak. Language is affected by lots of social
factors, for example, gender, age, education,social class, ethnic, occupation,
regions ,religions and beliefs,etc.
A language is not monolithic and there exist types or varieties of the same
language and language variations are around us everywhere and at any time. In
this passage, I will mainly talk about four social factors. They are region, social class,
gender, and age. These social factors constitute different language variations.
Because the users are different, the language is divided into six dialects.
The first one is regional dialect. It is a linguistic variety used by people living in
the same geographical region. In order to study the regional dialect, people set
the dialect geography. Dialect geography is a branch of linguisitcs which studies
the language differences caused by the regional belongs to historical
linguisitcs or diachronic ing to dialect geography, the dialects
differences are the results of language change over time and distance. To give an
example, Latin developed into French in france, Spanish in Spain and Italian in Italy
over a long periond of development and the subsequent political separation. The
dialect atlases are very convenient to differentiate the different regional dialects.
Dialect atlases are maps on which a line is drawn to show the geographical
boundaries of the distribution of a particular linguisitc line is called
isogloss. For example, the Benrath line distinguishes High German from the other
West Germanic languages. The major diffrencence is the different prounciation of
a series of sounds. As you know, the speeched are /p, t, k/ in low Germa, but /f, s. x/
in hign dialect boundaries coincide with geographical or political
barriors and are also influnced by ecclesiastical frontiers in Europe.
The second dialect is sociolect. It refers to the linguistics variety of a particular
social class. Accent is an important marker of some social reasons,
good accent means good education. It has become characteristic of upper class
speech are three basic steps taken in the study of sociolect. They
are choosing linguisitcs variables, classifying social classes, collection and anaysis
of data.
Firstly, a linguistic vartiable is a linguisitic term which has identifiable variants.
For example,singing-singin and fishing—fishin. The “ing” has two variants, one
is /i?/ and the other is /in/. So the “ing” is a linguistic sitcs
variable not only includes phonological ones but also grammatical ones. The
example of grammatical variables is the presence and absence of “s” to show
third person singular present tense.
The second step is classifying the social classes. It is fairly easy to relate the
occurences of the variants of a linguisitic variables to factors such as sex and age,
and the relating them to factors such as race and ethnicity is somewhat more
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