CISG_联合国国际货物销售合同公约(中英文对照)

第一条

（1）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的

货物销售合同：

（a）如果这些国家是缔约国；或

（b）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。

（2）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从

订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或

当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。

（3）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合

同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。

Article 1

(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties

whose places of business are in different States:

(a) when the States are Contracting States; or

(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of

the law of a Contracting State.

(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States

is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the

contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the

parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.

(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial

character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in

determining the application of this Convention.

第二条

本公约不适用于以下的销售：

（a）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖

方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知

道这些货物是购供任何这种使用；

（b）经由拍卖的销售；

（c）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售；

（d）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售；

（e）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售；

（f）电力的销售。

Article 2

This Convention does not apply to sales:

(a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the

seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew

nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;

(b) by auction;

(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law;

(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or

money;

(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;

(f) of electricity.

第三条

（1）供应尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，

除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分

重要材料。

（2）本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供

应劳力或其它服务的合同。

Article 3

(1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are

to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to

supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or

production.

(2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant

part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the

supply of labour or other services.

第四条

本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的

权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关：

（a）合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力；

（b）合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。

Article 4

This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the

rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract.

In particular, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, it is

not concerned with:

(a) the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage;

(b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods

sold.

第五条

本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤

害的责任。

Article 5

This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or

personal injury caused by the goods to any person.

第六条

双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条的条件下，减

损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力。

Article 6

The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, subject to

article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.

第二章　总则

Chapter II-General Provisions

第七条

（1）在解释本公约时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和促

进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的需要。

（2）凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应

按照本公约所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况

下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决。

Article 7

(1) In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its

international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its

application and the observance of good faith in international trade.

(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are

not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general

principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in

conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private

international law.

第八条

（1）为本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行

为，应依照他的意旨解释，如果另一方当事人已知道或者不可

能不知道此一意旨。

（2）如果上一款的规定不适用，当事人所作的声明和其

它行为，应按照一个与另一方当事人同等资格、通情达理的人

处于相同情况中，应有的理解来解释。

（3）在确定一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的人应有

的理解时，应适当地考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，包括谈判

情形、当事人之间确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的

任何行为。

Article 8

(1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other

conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other

party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was.

(2) If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and

other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding

that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had

in the same circumstances.

(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable

person would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant

circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the

parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent

conduct of the parties.

第九条

（1）双方当事人业已同意的任何惯例和他们之间确立的

任何习惯做法，对双方当事人均有约束力。

（2）除非另有协议，双方当事人应视为已默示地同意对

他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道的

惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易所涉同

类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。

Article 9

(1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by

any practices which they have established between themselves.

(2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly

made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties

knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely

known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved

in the particular trade concerned.

第十条

为本公约的目的：

（a）如果当事人有一个以上的营业地，则以与合同及合

同的履行关系最密切的营业地为其营业地，但要考虑到双方当

事人在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情

况；

（b）如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居住地为准。

Article 10

For the purposes of this Convention:

(a) if a party has more than one place of business, the place of business is

that which has the closest relationship to the contract and its performance,

having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties

at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract;

(b) if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to

his habitual residence.

第十一条

销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任

何其它条件的限制。销售合同可以用包括人证在内的任何方法

证明。

Article 11

A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is

not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any

means, including witnesses.

第十二条

本公约第十一条、第二十九条或第二部分准许销售合同或其

更改或根据协议终止，或者任何发价、接受或其它意旨表示得

以书面以外任何形式做出的任何规定不适用，如果任何一方当

事人的营业地是在已按照本公约第九十六条做出了声明的一个

缔约国内，各当事人不得减损本条或改变其效力。

Article 12

Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that

allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or

any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form

other than in writing does not apply where any party has his place of business

in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this

Convention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this

article.

第十三条

为本公约的目的，“书面”包括电报和电传。

Article 13

For the purposes of this Convention "writing" includes telegram and telex.

第二部分　合同的订立

PART II-Formation of the Contract

第十四条

（1）向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果十

分确定并且表明发价人在得到接受时承受约束的意旨，即构成发价。一

个建议如果写明货物并且明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定

数量和价格，即为十分确定。

（2）非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的建议，仅应视为邀请做

出发价，除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反的意向。

Article 14

(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific

persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the

intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is

sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes

or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.

(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is

to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is

clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.

第十五条

（1）发价于送达被发价人时生效。

（2）一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，得予撤回，如果撤

回通知于发价送达被发价人之前或同时，送达被发价人。

Article 15

(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.

(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal

reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.

第十六条

（1）在未订立合同之前，发价得予撤销，如果撤销通知于被发价

人发出接受通知之前送达被发价人。

（2）但在下列情况下，发价不得撤销：

（a）发价写明接受发价的期限或以其它方式表示发价是不可撤销

的；或

（b）被发价人有理由信赖该项发价是不可撤销的，而且被发价人

已本着对该项发价的信赖行事。

Article 16

(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation

reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.

(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked:

(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or

otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or

(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being

irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.

第十七条

一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，于拒绝通知送达发价人时终

止。

Article 17

An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches

the offeror.

第十八条

（1）被发价人声明或做出其它行为表示同意一项发价，即是接

受，缄默或不行动本身不等于接受。

（2）接受发价于表示同意的通知送达发价人时生效。如果表示同

意的通知在发价人所规定的时间内，如未规定时间，在一段合理的时间

内，未曾送达发价人，接受就成为无效，但须适当地考虑到交易的情

况，包括发价人所使用的通讯方法的迅速程序。对口头发价必须立即接

受，但情况有别者不在此限。

（3）但若根据该项发价或依当事人之间确立的习惯作法和惯例，

被发价人可以做出某种行为，例如与发运货物或支付价款有关的行为，

来表示同意，而无须向发价人发出通知，则接受于该项行为做出时生

效，但该项行为必须在上一款所规定的期间内做出。

Article 18

(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent

to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to

acceptance.

(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the

indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not effective if the

indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or,

if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the

circumstances of the transaction, including the rapidity of the means of

communication employed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted

immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.

(3) However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the

parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may

indicate assent by performing an act, such as one relating to the dispatch of

the goods or payment of the price, without notice to the offeror, the

acceptance is effective at the moment the act is performed, provided that the

act is performed within the period of time laid down in the preceding

paragraph.

第十九条

（1）对发价表示接受但载有添加、限制或其它更改的答复，即为

拒绝该项发价，并构成还价。

（2）但是，对发价表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的答复，如所

载的添加或不同条件在实质上并不变更该项发价的条件，除发价人在不

过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其间的差异外，仍构成接受。

如果发价人不做出这种反对，合同的条件就以该项发价的条件以及接受

通知内所载的更改为准。

（3）有关货物价格、付款、货物质量和数量、交货地点和时间、

一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端等等的添加或不

同条件，均视为在实质上变更发价的条件。

Article 19

(1) A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains

additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and

constitutes a counter-offer.

(2) However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but

contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms

of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue

delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that effect. If

he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with

the modifications contained in the acceptance.

(3) Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price,

payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent

of one party's liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered

to alter the terms of the offer materially.

第二十条

（1）发价人在电报或信件内规定的接受期间，从电报交发时刻或

信上载明的发信日期起算，如信上未载明发信日期，则从信封上所载日

期起算。发价人以电话、电传或其它快速通讯方法规定的接受期间，从

发价送达被发价人时起算。

（2）在计算接受期间时，接受期间内的正式假日或非营业日应计

算在内。但是，如果接受通知在接受期间的最后1天未能送到发价人地

址，因为那天在发价人营业地是正式假日或非营业日，则接受期间应顺

延至下一个营业日。

Article 20

(1) A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a

letter begins to run from the moment the telegram is handed in for dispatch or

from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date

shown on the envelope. A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror

by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous communication, begins to

run from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.

(2) Official holidays or non-business days occurring during the period for

acceptance are included in calculating the period. However, if a notice of

acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of

the period because that day falls on an official holiday or a non-business day

at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first

business day which follows.

第二十一条

　　（1）逾期接受仍有接受的效力，如果发价人毫不迟延地用口头或

书面将此种意见通知被发价人。

（2）如果载有逾期接受的信件或其它书面文件表明，它是在传递正

常、能及时送达发价人的情况下寄发的，则该项逾期接受具有接受的效

力，除非发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面通知被发价人：他认为他的发

价已经失效。

Article 21

(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acceptance if without

delay the offeror orally so informs the offeree or dispatches a notice to that

effect.

(2) If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has

been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it

would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as

an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree

that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that

effect.

第二十二条

接受得予撤回，如果撤回通知于接受原应生效之前或同时，送达发价

人。

Article 22

An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror

before or at the same time as the acceptance would have become effective.

第二十三条

合同于按照本公约规定对发价的接受生效时订立。

Article 23

A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of an offer

becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

第二十四条

为公约本部分的目的，发价、接受声明或任何其它意旨表示“送达”对

方，系指用口头通知对方或通过任何其它方法送交对方本人，或其营业

地或通讯地址，如无营业地或通讯地址，则送交对方惯常居住地。

Article 24

For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of

acceptance or any other indication of intention "reaches" the addressee when

it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to

his place of business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of

business or mailing address, to his habitual residence.

第三部分　货物销售

PART III-Sale of Goods

第一章　总则

Chapter I-General Provisions

第二十五条

一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以致于实

际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合同，

除非违反合同一方并不预知而且一个同等资格、通情达理的人处于相同

情况中也没有理由预知会发生这种结果。

Article 25

A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it

results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of

what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did

not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same

circumstances would not have foreseen such a result.

第二十六条

宣告合同无效的声明，必须向另一方当事人发出通知，方始有效。

Article 26

A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if made by

notice to the other party.

第二十七条

除非公约本部分另有明文规定，当事人按照本部分的规定，以适合情

况的方法发出任何通知、要求或其它通知后，这种通知如在传递上发生

耽搁或错误，或者未能到达，并不使该当事人丧失依靠该项通知的权

利。

Article 27

Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the Convention, if any

notice, request or other communication is given or made by a party in

accordance with this Part and by means appropriate in the circumstances, a

delay or error in the transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive

does not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication.

第二十八条

若按照本公约的规定，一方当事人有权要求另一方当事人履行某一义

务，法院没有义务做出判决，要求具体履行此一义务，除非法院依照其

本身的法律对不属本公约范围的类似销售合同愿意这样做。

Article 28

If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one party is

entitled to require performance of any obligation by the other party, a court is

not bound to enter a judgement for specific performance unless the court

would do so under its own law in respect of similar contracts of sale not

governed by this Convention.

第二十九条

　　（1）合同只需双方当事人协议，就可更改或终止。

（2）规定任何更改或根据协议终止必须以书面做出的书面合同，不

得以任何其它方式更改或根据协议终止。但是，一方当事人的行为，如

经另一方当事人寄以信赖，就不得坚持此项规定。

Article 29

(1) A contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of

the parties.

(2) A contract in writing which contains a provision requiring any

modification or termination by agreement to be in writing may not be

otherwise modified or terminated by agreement. However, a party may be

precluded by his conduct from asserting such a provision to the extent that

the other party has relied on that conduct.

第二章　卖方的义务

Chapter II-Obligations of the Seller

第三十条

卖方必须按照合同和本公约的规定，交付货物，移交一切与货物有

关的单据并转移货物所有权。

Article 30

The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to

them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and

this Convention.

第一节　交付货物和移交单据

Section I-Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents

第三十一条

　　如果卖方没有义务要在任何其它特定地点交付货物，他的交货义务

如下：

　　（a）如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，卖方应把货物移交给第一

承运人，以运交给买方；

　　（b）在不属于上款规定的情况下，如果合同指的是特定货物或从

特定存货中提取的或尚待制造或生产的未经特定化的货物，而双方当事

人在订立合同时已知道这些货物是在某一特定地点，或将在某一特定地

点制造或生产，卖方应在该地点把货物交给买方处置；

（c）在其它情况下，卖方应在他于订立合同时的营业地把货物交给

买方处置。

Article 31

If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place,

his obligation to deliver consists:

(a) if the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods - in handing the

goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer;

(b) if, in cases not within the preceding subparagraph, the contract related

to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or

to be manufactured or produced, and at the time of the conclusion of the

contract the parties knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured

or produced at, a particular place - in placing the goods at the buyer's disposal

at that place;

(c) in other cases - in placing the goods at the buyer's disposal at the place

where the seller had his place of business at the time of the conclusion of the

contract.

第三十二条

（1）若卖方按合同或本公约的规定将货物交付给承运人，但货物

没有以货物上加标记、或以装运单据或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同，

卖方必须向买方发出列明货物的发货通知。

（2）若卖方有义务安排货物的运输，他必须订立必要的合同，以

按通常运输条件，用适合情况的运输工具，把货物运到指定地点。

（3）若卖方无义务对货物的运输办理保险，他必须在买方提出要求

时，向买方提供一切现有的必要资料，使他能够办理这种保险。

Article 32

(1) If the seller, in accordance with the contract or this Convention, hands

the goods over to a carrier and if the goods are not clearly identified to the

contract by markings on the goods, by shipping documents or otherwise, the

seller must give the buyer notice of the consignment specifying the goods.

(2) If the seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the goods, he must

make such contracts as are necessary for carriage to the place fixed by means

of transportation appropriate in the circumstances and according to the usual

terms for such transportation.

(3) If the seller is not bound to effect insurance in respect of the carriage

of the goods, he must, at the buyer's request, provide him with all available

information necessary to enable him to effect such insurance.

第三十三条

　　卖方必须按以下规定的日期交付货物：

　　（a）如果合同规定有日期，或从合同可以确定日期，应在该日期

交货；

　　（b）如果合同规定有一段时间，或从合同可以确定一段时间，除

非情况表明应由买方选定一个日期外，应在该段时间内任何时候交货；

或者

（c）在其它情况下，应在订立合同后一段合理时间内交货。

Article 33

The seller must deliver the goods:

(a) if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, on that date;

(b) if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the contract, at any

time within that period unless circumstances indicate that the buyer is to

choose a date; or

(c) in any other case, within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the

contract.

第三十四条

如果卖方有义务移交与货物有关的单据，他必须按照合同所规定的时

间、地点和方式移交这些单据。如果卖方在那个时间以前已移交这些单

据，他可以在那个时间到达前纠正单据中任何不符合同规定的情形，但

是，此一权利的行使不得使买方遭受不合理的不便或承担不合理的开

支。但是，买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。

Article 34

If the seller is bound to hand over documents relating to the goods, he

must hand them over at the time and place and in the form required by the

contract. If the seller has handed over documents before that time, he may, up

to that time, cure any lack of conformity in the documents, if the exercise of

this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or

unreasonable expense. However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages

as provided for in this Convention.

第二节　货物相符与第三方要求

Section II-Conformity of the goods and third party claims

第三十五条

　　（1）卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格相

符，并须按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装。

　　（2）除双方当事人业已另有协议外，货物除非符合以下规定，否

则即为与合同不符：

　　（a）货物适用于同一规格货物通常使用的目的；

　　（b）货物适用于订立合同时曾明示或默示地通知卖方的任何特定

目的，除非情况表明买方并不依赖卖方的技能和判断力，或者这种依赖

对他是不合理的；

　　（c）货物的质量与卖方向买方提供的货物样品或样式相同；

　　（d）货物按照同类货物通用的方式装箱或包装，如果没有此种通

用方式，则按足以保全和保护货物的方式装箱或包装。

（3）如果买方在订立合同时知道或不可能不知道货物不符合同，卖

方就无须按上一款（a）项至（d）项负有此种不符合同的责任。

Article 35

(1) The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and

description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in

the manner required by the contract.

(2) Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not

conform with the contract unless they:

(a) are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would

ordinarily be used;

(b) are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known to

the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the

circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable

for him to rely, on the seller's skill and judgement;

(c) possess the qualities of goods which the seller has held out to the buyer

as a sample or model;

(d) are contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods or,

where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect

the goods.

(3) The seller is not liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of the preceding

paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods if at the time of the

conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of

such lack of conformity.

第三十六条

　　（1）卖方应按照合同和本公约的规定，对风险移转到买方时所存

在的任何不符合同情形，负有责任，即使这种不符合同情形在该时间后

方始明显。

（2）卖方对在上一款所述时间后发生的任何不符合同情形，也应负

有责任，如果这种不符合同情形是由于卖方违反他的某项义务所致，包

括违反关于在一段时间内货物将继续适用于其通常使用的目的或某种特

定目的，或将保持某种特定质量或性质的任何保证。

Article 36

(1) The seller is liable in accordance with the contract and this Convention

for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the

buyer, even though the lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that

time.

(2) The seller is also liable for any lack of conformity which occurs after

the time indicated in the preceding paragraph and which is due to a breach of

any of his obligations, including a breach of any guarantee that for a period of

time the goods will remain fit for their ordinary purpose or for some

particular purpose or will retain specified qualities or characteristics.

第三十七条

如果卖方在交货日期前交付货物，他可以在那个日期到达前，交付任

何缺漏部分或补足所交付货物的不足数量，或交付用以替换所交付不符

合同规定的货物，或对所交付货物中任何不符合同规定的情形做出补

救，但是，此一权利的行使不得使买方遭受不合理的不便或承担不合理

的开支。但是，买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。

Article 37

If the seller has delivered goods before the date for delivery, he may, up to

that date, deliver any missing part or make up any deficiency in the quantity

of the goods delivered, or deliver goods in replacement of any non-

conforming goods delivered or remedy any lack of conformity in the goods

delivered, provided that the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer

unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense. However, the buyer

retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention.

第三十八条

　　（1）买方必须在按情况实际可行的最短时间内检验货物或由他人

检验货物。

　　（2）如果合同涉及到货物的运输，检验可推迟到货物到达目的地

后进行。

（3）如果货物在运输途中改运或买方须再发运货物，没有合理机会

加以检验，而卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道这种改运或再发运的

可能性，检验可推迟到货物到达新目的地后进行。

Article 38

(1) The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be examined,

within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances.

(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, examination may be

deferred until after the goods have arrived at their destination.

(3) If the goods are redirected in transit or redispatched by the buyer

without a reasonable opportunity for examination by him and at the time of

the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or ought to have known of the

possibility of such redirection or redispatch, examination may be deferred

until after the goods have arrived at the new destination.

第三十九条

　　（1）买方对货物不符合同，必须在发现或理应发现不符情形后一

段合理时间内通知卖方，说明不符合同情形的性质，否则就丧失声称货

物不符合同的权利。

（2）无论如何，如果买方不在实际收到货物之日起两年内将货物不

符合同情形通知卖方，他就丧失声称货物不符合同的权利，除非这一时

限与合同规定的保证期限不符。

Article 39

(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if

he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the lack of

conformity within a reasonable time after he has discovered it or ought to

have discovered it.

(2) In any event, the buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity

of the goods if he does not give the seller notice thereof at the latest within a

period of two years from the date on which the goods were actually handed

over to the buyer, unless this time-limit is inconsistent with a contractual

period of guarantee.

第四十条

如果货物不符合同规定指的是卖方已知道或不可能不知道而又没有告

知买方的一些事实，则卖方无权援引第三十八条和第三十九条的规定。

Article 40

The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of articles 38 and 39 if

the lack of conformity relates to facts of which he knew or could not have

been unaware and which he did not disclose to the buyer.

第四十一条

卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方不能提出任何权利或要求的货物，

除非买方同意在这种权利或要求的条件下，收取货物。但是，如果这种

权利或要求是以工业产权或其它知识产权为基础的，卖方的义务应依照

第四十二条的规定。

Article 41

The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of a

third party, unless the buyer agreed to take the goods subject to that right or

claim. However, if such right or claim is based on industrial property or other

intellectual property, the seller's obligation is governed by article 42.

第四十二条

　　（1）卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方不能根据工业产权或其它

知识产权主张任何权利或要求的货物，但以卖方在订立合同时已知道或

不可能不知道的权利或要求为限，而且这种权利或要求根据以下国家的

法律规定是以工业产权或其它知识产权为基础的：

　　（a）如果双方当事人在订立合同时预期货物将在某一国境内转售

或做其它使用，则根据货物将在其境内转售或做其它使用的国家的法

律；或者

　　（b）在任何其它情况下，根据买方营业地所在国家的法律。

　　（2）卖方在上一款中的义务不适用于以下情况：

　　（a）买方在订立合同时已知道或不可能不知道此项权利或要求；

或者

（b）此项权利或要求的发生，是由于卖方要遵照买方所提供的技术

图样、图案、程式或其它规格。

Article 42

(1) The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of

a third party based on industrial property or other intellectual property, of

which at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could

not have been unaware, provided that the right or claim is based on industrial

property or other intellectual property:

(a) under the law of the State where the goods will be resold or otherwise

used, if it was contemplated by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the

contract that the goods would be resold or otherwise used in that State; or

(b) in any other case, under the law of the State where the buyer has his

place of business.

(2) The obligation of the seller under the preceding paragraph does not

extend to cases where:

(a) at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could

not have been unaware of the right or claim; or

(b) the right or claim results from the seller's compliance with technical

drawings, designs, formulae or other such specifications furnished by the

buyer.

第四十三条

　　（1）买方如果不在已知道或理应知道第三方的权利或要求后一段

合理时间内，将此一权利或要求的性质通知卖方，就丧失援引第四十一

条或第四十二条规定的权利。

（2）卖方如果知道第三方的权利或要求以及此一权利或要求的性

质，就无权援引上一款的规定。

Article 43

(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on the provisions of article 41 or

article 42 if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the

right or claim of the third party within a reasonable time after he has become

aware or ought to have become aware of the right or claim.

(2) The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of the preceding

paragraph if he knew of the right or claim of the third party and the nature of

it.

第四十四条

尽管有第三十九条第（1）款和第四十三条第（1）款的规定，买方如

果对他未发出所需的通知具备合理的理由，仍可按照第五十条规定减低

价格，或要求利润损失以外的损害赔偿。

Article 44

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of article 39 and

paragraph (1) of article 43, the buyer may reduce the price in accordance with

article 50 or claim damages, except for loss of profit, if he has a reasonable

excuse for his failure to give the required notice.

第三节　卖方违反合同的补救办法

Section III-Remedies for breach of contract by the seller

第四十五条

　　（1）如果卖方不履行他在合同和本公约中的任何义务，买方可

以：

　　（a）行使第四十六条至第五十二条所规定的权利；

　　（b）按照第七十四条至第七十七条的规定，要求损害赔偿。

　　（2）买方可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利，不因他行使采取

其它补救办法的权利而丧失。

（3）如果买方对违反合同采取某种补救办法，法院或仲裁庭不得给

予卖方宽限期。

Article 45

(1) If the seller fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or

this Convention, the buyer may:

(a) exercise the rights provided in articles 46 to 52;

(b) claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.

(2) The buyer is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages

by exercising his right to other remedies.

(3) No period of grace may be granted to the seller by a court or arbitral

tribunal when the buyer resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.

第四十六条

　　（1）买方可以要求卖方履行义务，除非买方已采取与此一要求相

抵触的某种补救办法。

　　（2）如果货物不符合同，买方只有在此种不符合同情形构成根本

违反合同时，才可以要求交付替代货物，而且关于替代货物的要求，必

须与依照第三十九条发出的通知同时提出，或者在该项通知发出后一段

合理时间内提出。

（3）如果货物不符合同，买方可以要求卖方通过修理对不符合同之

处做出补救，除非他考虑了所有情况之后，认为这样做是不合理的。修

理的要求必须与依照第三十九条发出的通知同时提出，或者在该项通知

发出后一段合理时间内提出。

Article 46

(1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of his obligations

unless the buyer has resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this

requirement.

(2) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require

delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of conformity constitutes a

fundamental breach of contract and a request for substitute goods is made

either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable

time thereafter.

(3) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require

the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is

unreasonable having regard to all the circumstances. A request for repair

must be made either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or

within a reasonable time thereafter.

第四十七条

　　（1）买方可以规定一段合理时限的额外时间，让卖方履行其义

务。

（2）除非买方收到卖方的通知，声称他将不在所规定的时间内履行

义务，买方在这段时间内不得对违反合同采取任何补救办法。但是，买

方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行义务可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权

利。

Article 47

(1) The buyer may fix an additional period of time of reasonable length for

performance by the seller of his obligations.

(2) Unless the buyer has received notice from the seller that he will not

perform within the period so fixed, the buyer may not, during that period,

resort to any remedy for breach of contract. However, the buyer is not

deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damages for delay in

performance.

第四十八条

　　（1）在第四十九条的条件下，卖方即使在交货日期之后，仍可自

付费用，对任何不履行义务做出补救，但这种补救不得造成不合理的迟

延，也不得使买方遭受不合理的不便，或无法确定卖方是否将偿付买方

预付的费用。但是，买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权

利。

　　（2）如果卖方要求买方表明他是否接受卖方履行义务，而买方不

在一段合理时间内对此一要求做出答复，则卖方可以按其要求中所指明

的时间履行义务。买方不得在该段时间内采取与卖方履行义务相抵触的

任何补救办法。

　　（3）卖方表明他将在某一特定时间内履行义务的通知，应视为包

括根据上一款规定要买方表明决定的要求在内。

（4）卖方按照本条第（2）和第（3）款做出的要求或通知，必须在

买方收到后，始生效力。

Article 48

(1) Subject to article 49, the seller may, even after the date for delivery,

remedy at his own expense any failure to perform his obligations, if he can do

so without unreasonable delay and without causing the buyer unreasonable

inconvenience or uncertainty of reimbursement by the seller of expenses

advanced by the buyer. However, the buyer retains any right to claim

damages as provided for in this Convention.

(2) If the seller requests the buyer to make known whether he will accept

performance and the buyer does not comply with the request within a

reasonable time, the seller may perform within the time indicated in his

request. The buyer may not, during that period of time, resort to any remedy

which is inconsistent with performance by the seller.

(3) A notice by the seller that he will perform within a specified period of

time is assumed to include a request, under the preceding paragraph, that the

buyer make known his decision.

(4) A request or notice by the seller under paragraph (2) or (3) of this

article is not effective unless received by the buyer.

第四十九条

　　（1）买方在以下情况下可以宣告合同无效：

　　（a）卖方不履行其在合同或本公约中的任何义务，等于根本违反

合同；或

　　（b）如果发生不交货的情况，卖方不在买方按照第四十七条第

（1）款规定的额外时间内交付货物，或卖方声明他将不在所规定的时

间内交付货物。

　　（2）但是，如果卖方已交付货物，买方就丧失宣告合同无效的权

利，除非：

　　（a）对于迟延交货，他在知道交货后一段合理时间内这样做；

　　（b）对于迟延交货以外的任何违反合同事情：

　　（一）他在已知道或理应知道这种违反合同后一段合理时间内这样

做；或

　　（二）他在买方按照第四十七条第（1）款规定的任何额外时间满

期后，或在卖方声明他将不在这一额外时间履行义务后一段合理时间内

这样做；或

（三）他在卖方按照第四十八条第（2）款指明的任何额外时间满期

后，或在买方声明他将不接受卖方履行义务后一段合理时间内这样做。

Article 49

(1) The buyer may declare the contract avoided:

(a) if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations under the

contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract; or

(b) in case of non-delivery, if the seller does not deliver the goods within

the additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph

(1) of article 47 or declares that he will not deliver within the period so fixed.

(2) However, in cases where the seller has delivered the goods, the buyer

loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so:

(a) in respect of late delivery, within a reasonable time after he has

become aware that delivery has been made;

(b) in respect of any breach other than late delivery, within a reasonable

time:

(i) after he knew or ought to have known of the breach;

(ii) after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the buyer

in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47, or after the seller has declared

that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period; or

(iii) after the expiration of any additional period of time indicated by the

seller in accordance with paragraph (2) of article 48, or after the buyer has

declared that he will not accept performance.

第五十条

如果货物不符合同，不论价款是否已付，买方都可以减低价格，减价

按实际交付的货物在交货时的价值与符合合同的货物在当时的价值两者

之间的比例计算。但是，如果卖方按照第三十七条或第四十八条的规定

对任何不履行义务做出补救，或者买方拒绝接受卖方按照该两条规定履

行义务，则买方不得减低价格。

Article 50

If the goods do not conform with the contract and whether or not the price

has already been paid, the buyer may reduce the price in the same proportion

as the value that the goods actually delivered had at the time of the delivery

bears to the value that conforming goods would have had at that time.

However, if the seller remedies any failure to perform his obligations in

accordance with article 37 or article 48 or if the buyer refuses to accept

performance by the seller in accordance with those articles, the buyer may

not reduce the price.

第五十一条

　　（1）如果卖方只交付一部分货物，或者交付的货物中只有一部分

符合合同规定，第四十六条至第五十条的规定适用于缺漏部分及不符合

同规定部分的货物。

（2）买方只有在完全不交付货物或不按照合同规定交付货物等于根

本违反合同时，才可以宣告整个合同无效。

Article 51

(1) If the seller delivers only a part of the goods or if only a part of the

goods delivered is in conformity with the contract, articles 46 to 50 apply in

respect of the part which is missing or which does not conform.

(2) The buyer may declare the contract avoided in its entirety only if the

failure to make delivery completely or in conformity with the contract

amounts to a fundamental breach of the contract.

第五十二条

　　（1）如果卖方在规定的日期前交付货物，买方可以收取货物，也

可以拒绝收取货物。

（2）如果卖方交付的货物数量大于合同规定的数量，买方可以收取

也可以拒绝收取多交部分的货物。如果买方收取多交部分货物的全部或

一部分，他必须按合同价格付款。

Article 52

(1) If the seller delivers the goods before the date fixed, the buyer may

take delivery or refuse to take delivery.

(2) If the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that provided for

in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the

excess quantity. If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess

quantity, he must pay for it at the contract rate.

第三章　买方的义务

Chapter III-Obligations of the Buyer

第五十三条

买方必须按照合同和本公约规定支付货物价款和收取货物。

Article 53

The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as

required by the contract and this Convention.

第一节　支付价款

Section I-Payment of the price

第五十四条

买方支付价款的义务包括根据合同或任何有关法律和规章规定的步骤

和手续，以便支付价款。

Article 54

The buyer's obligation to pay the price includes taking such steps and

complying with such formalities as may be required under the contract or any

laws and regulations to enable payment to be made.

第五十五条

如果合同已有效的订立，但没有明示或暗示地规定价格或规定如何确

定价格，在没有任何相反表示的情况下，双方当事人应视为已默示地引

用订立合同时此种货物在有关贸易的类似情况下销售的通常价格。

Article 55

Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or

implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are

considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly

made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of

the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade

concerned.

第五十六条

如果价格是按货物的重量规定的，如有疑问，应按净重确定。

Article 56

If the price is fixed according to the weight of the goods, in case of doubt

it is to be determined by the net weight.

第五十七条

　　（1）如果买方没有义务在任何其它特定地点支付价款，他必须在

以下地点向卖方支付价款：

　　（a）卖方的营业地；或者

　　（b）如凭移交货物或单据支付价款，则为移交货物或单据的地

点。

（2）卖方必须承担因其营业地在订立合同后发生变动而增加的支付

方面的有关费用。

Article 57

(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other particular place,

he must pay it to the seller:

(a) at the seller's place of business; or

(b) if the payment is to be made against the handing over of the goods or

of documents, at the place where the handing over takes place.

(2) The seller must bear any increases in the expenses incidental to

payment which is caused by a change in his place of business subsequent to

the conclusion of the contract.

第五十八条

　　（1）如果买方没有义务在任何其它特定时间内支付价款，他必须

于卖方按照合同和本公约规定将货物或控制货物处置权的单据交给买方

处置时支付价款。卖方可以支付价款作为移交货物或单据的条件。

　　（2）如果合同涉及到货物的运输，卖方可以在支付价款后方可把

货物或控制货物处置权的单据移交给买方作为发运货物的条件。

（3）买方在未有机会检验货物前，无义务支付价款，除非这种机会

与双方当事人议定的交货或支付程序相抵触。

Article 58

(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other specific time, he

must pay it when the seller places either the goods or documents controlling

their disposition at the buyer's disposal in accordance with the contract and

this Convention. The seller may make such payment a condition for handing

over the goods or documents.

(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller may dispatch

the goods on terms whereby the goods, or documents controlling their

disposition, will not be handed over to the buyer except against payment of

the price.

(3) The buyer is not bound to pay the price until he has had an opportunity

to examine the goods, unless the procedures for delivery or payment agreed

upon by the parties are inconsistent with his having such an opportunity.

第五十九条

买方必须按合同和本公约规定的日期或从合同和本公约可以确定的日

期支付价款，而无需卖方提出任何要求或办理任何手续。

Article 59

The buyer must pay the price on the date fixed by or determinable from

the contract and this Convention without the need for any request or

compliance with any formality on the part of the seller.

第二节　收取货物

Section II-Taking delivery

第六十条

　　买方收取货物的义务如下：

（a）采取一切理应采取的行动，以期卖方能交付货物；和

（b）接收货物。

Article 60

The buyer's obligation to take delivery consists:

(a) in doing all the acts which could reasonably be expected of him in

order to enable the seller to make delivery; and

(b) in taking over the goods.

第三节　买方违反合同的补救办法

Section III-Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer

第六十一条

　　（1）如果买方不履行他在合同和本公约中的任何义务，卖方可

以：

　　（a）行使第六十二条至第六十五条所规定的权利；

　　（b）按照第七十四至第七十七条的规定，要求损害赔偿。

　　（2）卖方可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利，不因他行使采取

其它补救办法的权利而丧失。

（3）如果卖方对违反合同采取某种补救办法，法院或仲裁庭不得给

予买方宽限期。

Article 61

(1) If the buyer fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or

this Convention, the seller may:

(a) exercise the rights provided in articles 62 to 65;

(b) claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.

(2) The seller is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages

by exercising his right to other remedies.

(3) No period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court or arbitral

tribunal when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.

第六十二条

卖方可以要求买方支付价款、收取货物或履行他的其它义务，除非卖

方已采取与此一要求相低触的某种补救办法。

Article 62

The seller may require the buyer to pay the price, take delivery or perform

his other obligations, unless the seller has resorted to a remedy which is

inconsistent with this requirement.

第六十三条

　　（1）卖方可以规定一段合理时限的额外时间，让买方履行义务。

（2）除非卖方收到买方的通知，声称他将不在所规定的时间内履行

义务，卖方不得在这段时间内对违反合同采取任何补救办法。但是，卖

方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行义务可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权

利。

Article 63

(1) The seller may fix an additional period of time of reasonable length for

performance by the buyer of his obligations.

(2) Unless the seller has received notice from the buyer that he will not

perform within the period so fixed, the seller may not, during that period,

resort to any remedy for breach of contract. However, the seller is not

deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damages for delay in

performance.

第六十四条

　　（1）卖方在以下情况下可以宣告合同无效：

　　（a）买方不履行其在合同或本公约中的任何义务，等于根本违反

合同；或

　　（b）买方不在卖方按照第六十三条第（1）款规定的额外时间内履

行支付价款的义务或收取货物，或买方声明他将不在所规定的时间内这

样做。

　　（2）但是，如果买方已支付价款，卖方就丧失宣告合同无效的权

利，除非：

　　（a）对于买方迟延履行义务，他在知道买方履行义务前这样做；

或者

　　（b）对于买方迟延履行义务以外的任何违反合同事情：

　　（一）他在已知道或理应知道这种违反合同后一段合理时间内这样

做；或

（二）他在卖方按照第六十三条第（1）款规定的任何额外时间满期

后或在买方声明他将不在这一额外时间内履行义务后一段合理时间内这

样做。

Article 64

(1) The seller may declare the contract avoided:

(a) if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations under the

contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract; or

(b) if the buyer does not, within the additional period of time fixed by the

seller in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 63, perform his obligation to

pay the price or take delivery of the goods, or if he declares that he will not

do so within the period so fixed.

(2) However, in cases where the buyer has paid the price, the seller loses

the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so:

(a) in respect of late performance by the buyer, before the seller has

become aware that performance has been rendered; or

(b) in respect of any breach other than late performance by the buyer,

within a reasonable time:

(i) after the seller knew or ought to have known of the breach; or

(ii) after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the seller

in accordance with paragraph (1) or article 63, or after the buyer has declared

that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period.

第六十五条

　　（1）如果买方应根据合同规定订明货物的形状、大小或其它特

征，而他在议定的日期或在收到卖方的要求后一段合理时间内没有订明

这些规格，则卖方在不损害其可能享有的任何其它权利的情况下，可以

依照他所知的买方的要求，自己订明规格。

（2）如果卖方自己订明规格，他必须把订明规格的细节通知买方，

而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规

格。如果买方在收到这种通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，卖方所订的

规格就具有约束力。

Article 65

(1) If under the contract the buyer is to specify the form, measurement or

other features of the goods and he fails to make such specification either on

the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a request

from the seller, the seller may, without prejudice to any other rights he may

have, make the specification himself in accordance with the requirements of

the buyer that may be known to him.

(2) If the seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer

of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable time within which the buyer

may make a different specification. If, after receipt of such a communication,

the buyer fails to do so within the time so fixed, the specification made by the

seller is binding.

第四章　风险移转

Chapter IV-Passing of Risk

第六十六条

货物在风险移转到买方承担后遗失或损坏，买方支付价款的义务并不

因此解除，除非这种遗失或损坏是由于卖方的行为或不行为所造成。

Article 66

Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does

not discharge him from his obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or

damage is due to an act or omission of the seller.

第六十七条

　　（1）如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，但卖方没有义务在某一特

定地点交付货物，自货物按照销售合同交付给第一承运人以转交给买方

时起，风险就移转到买方承担。如果卖方有义务在某一特定地点把货物

交付给承运人，在货物于该地点交付给承运人以前，风险不移转到买方

承担。卖方受权保留控制货物处置权的单据，并不影响风险的移转。

（2）但是，在货物以货物上加标记、或以装运单据、或向买方发出

通知或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同以前，风险不移转到买方承担。

Article 67

(1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is

not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer

when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the

buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand

the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the

buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place. The fact that

the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the

goods does not affect the passage of the risk.

(2) Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are

clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by

shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.

第六十八条

对于在运输途中销售的货物，从订立合同时起，风险就移转到买方承

担。但是，如果情况表明有此需要，从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单

据的承运人时起，风险就由买方承担。尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同

时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买

方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责。

Article 68

The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the

time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstances so

indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were

handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract

of carriage. Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of

sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or

damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the

risk of the seller.

第六十九条

　　（1）在不属于第六十七条和第六十八条规定的情况下，从买方接

收货物时起，或如果买方不在适当时间内这样做，则从货物交给他处置

但他不收取货物从而违反合同时起，风险移转到买方承担。

　　（2）但是，如果买方有义务在卖方营业地以外的某一地点接收货

物，当交货时间已到而买方知道货物已在该地点交给他处置时，风险方

始移转。

（3）如果合同指的是当时未加识别的货物，则这些货物在未清楚注

明有关合同以前，不得视为已交给买方处置。

Article 69

(1) In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to the buyer when

he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so in due time, from the time

when the goods are placed at his disposal and he commits a breach of

contract by failing to take delivery.

(2) However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a place other

than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is due and

the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods are placed at his disposal at that

place.

(3) If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the goods are

considered not to be placed at the disposal of the buyer until they are clearly

identified to the contract.

第七十条

若卖方已根本违反合同，第六十七条、第六十八条和第六十九条的规

定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以采取的各种补救办法。

Article 70

If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67,

68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the

breach.

第五章　卖方和买方义务的一般规定

Chapter V-Provisions Common to the Obligations

of the Seller and of the Buyer

第一节　预期违反合同和分批交货合同

Section I-Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts

第七十一条

　　（1）如果订立合同后，另一方当事人由于下列原因显然将不履行

其大部分重要义务，一方当事人可以中止履行义务：

　　（a）他履行义务的能力或他的信用有严重缺陷；或

　　（b）他在准备履行合同或履行合同中的行为。

　　（2）如果卖方在上一款所述的理由明显化以前已将货物发运，他

可以阻止将货物交给买方，即使买方持有其有权获得货物的单据。本款

规定只与买方和卖方间对货物的权利有关。

（3）中止履行义务的一方当事人不论是在货物发运前还是发运后，

都必须立即通知另一方当事人，如经另一方当事人对履行义务提供充分

保证，则他必须继续履行义务。

Article 71

(1) A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the

conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not

perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of:

(a) a serious deficiency in his ability to perform or in his creditworthiness;

or

(b) his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract.

(2) If the seller has already dispatched the goods before the grounds

described in the preceding paragraph become evident, he may prevent the

handing over of the goods to the buyer even though the buyer holds a

document which entitles him to obtain them. The present paragraph relates

only to the rights in the goods as between the buyer and the seller.

(3) A party suspending performance, whether before or after dispatch of

the goods, must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party

and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate

assurance of his performance.

第七十二条

　　（1）如果在履行合同日期之前，明显看出一方当事人将根本违反

合同，另一方当事人可以宣告合同无效。

　　（2）如果时间许可，打算宣告合同无效的一方当事人必须向另一

方当事人发出合理的通知，使他可以对履行义务提供充分保证。

（3）如果另一方当事人已声明他将不履行其义务，则上一款的规定

不适用。

Article 72

(1) If prior to the date for performance of the contract it is clear that one of

the parties will commit a fundamental breach of contract, the other party may

declare the contract avoided.

(2) If time allows, the party intending to declare the contract avoided must

give reasonable notice to the other party in order to permit him to provide

adequate assurance of his performance.

(3) The requirements of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the other

party has declared that he will not perform his obligations.

第七十六条

　　（1）如果合同被宣告无效，而货物又有时价，要求损害赔偿的一

方，如果没有根据第七十五条规定进行购买或转卖，则可以取得合同规

定的价格和宣告合同无效时的时价之间的差额以及按照第七十四条规定

可以取得的任何其它损害赔偿。但是，如果要求损害赔偿的一方在接收

货物之后宣告合同无效，则应适用接收货物时的时价，而不适用宣告合

同无效时的时价。

（2）为上一款的目的，时价指原应交付货物地点的现行价格，如果

该地点没有时价，则指另一合理替代地点的价格，但应适当地考虑货物

运费的差额。

Article 76

(1) If the contract is avoided and there is a current price for the goods, the

party claiming damages may, if he has not made a purchase or resale under

article 75, recover the difference between the price fixed by the contract and

the current price at the time of avoidance as well as any further damages

recoverable under article 74. If, however, the party claiming damages has

avoided the contract after taking over the goods, the current price at the time

of such taking over shall be applied instead of the current price at the time of

avoidance.

(2) For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current price is the

price prevailing at the place where delivery of the goods should have been

made or, if there is no current price at that place, the price at such other place

as serves as a reasonable substitute, making due allowance for differences in

the cost of transporting the goods.

第七十七条

声称另一方违反合同的一方，必须按情况采取合理措施，减轻由于该

另一方违反合同而引起的损失，包括利润方面的损失。如果他不采取这

种措施，违反合同一方可以要求从损害赔偿中扣除原可以减轻的损失数

额。

Article 77

A party who relies on a breach of contract must take such measures as are

reasonable in the circumstances to mitigate the loss, including loss of profit,

resulting from the breach. If he fails to take such measures, the party in

breach may claim a reduction in the damages in the amount by which the loss

should have been mitigated.

第三节　利息

Section III-Interest

第七十八条

如果一方当事人没有支付价款或任何其它拖欠金额，另一方当事人有

权对这些款额收取利息，但不妨碍要求按照第七十四条规定可以取得的

损害赔偿。

Article 78

If a party fails to pay the price or any other sum that is in arrears, the other

party is entitled to interest on it, without prejudice to any claim for damages

recoverable under article 74.

第四节　免责

Section IV-Exemptions

第七十九条

　　（1）当事人对不履行义务，不负责任，如果他能证明此种不履行

义务，是由于某种非他所能控制的障碍，而且对于这种障碍，没有理由

预期他在订立合同时能考虑到或能避免或克服它或它的后果。

　　（2）如果当事人不履行义务是由于他所雇用履行合同的全部或一

部分规定的第三方不履行义务所致，该当事人只有在以下情况下才能免

除责任：

　　（a）他按照上一款的规定应免除责任，和

　　（b）假如该项的规定也适用于他所雇用的人，这个人也同样会免

除责任。

　　（3）本条所规定的免责对障碍存在的期间有效。

　　（4）不履行义务的一方必须将障碍及其对他履行义务能力的影响

通知另一方。如果该项通知在不履行义务的一方已知道或理应知道此一

障碍后一段合理时间内仍未为另一方收到，则他对由于另一方未收到通

知而造成的损害应负赔偿责任。

（5）本条规定不妨碍任何一方行使本公约规定的要求损害赔偿以外

的任何权利。

Article 79

(1) A party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations if he

proves that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control and that

he could not reasonably be expected to have taken the impediment into

account at the time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or

overcome it or its consequences.

(2) If the party's failure is due to the failure by a third person whom he has

engaged to perform the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt

from liability only if:

(a) he is exempt under the preceding paragraph; and

(b) the person whom he has so engaged would be so exempt if the

provisions of that paragraph were applied to him.

(3) The exemption provided by this article has effect for the period during

which the impediment exists.

(4) The party who fails to perform must give notice to the other party of

the impediment and its effect on his ability to perform. If the notice is not

received by the other party within a reasonable time after the party who fails

to perform knew or ought to have known of the impediment, he is liable for

damages resulting from such non-receipt.

(5) Nothing in this article prevents either party from exercising any right

other than to claim damages under this Convention.

第八十条

一方当事人因其行为或不行为而使得另一方当事人不履行义务时，不

得声称该另一方当事人不履行义务。

Article 80

A party may not rely on a failure of the other party to perform, to the

extent that such failure was caused by the first party's act or omission.

第五节　宣告合同无效的效果

Section V-Effects of avoidance

第八十一条

　　（1）宣告合同无效解除了双方在合同中的义务，但应负责的任何

损害赔偿仍应负责。宣告合同无效不影响合同关于解决争端的任何规

定，也不影响合同中关于双方在宣告合同无效后权利和义务的任何其它

规定。

（2）已全部或局部履行合同的一方，可以要求另一方归还他按照合

同供应的货物或支付的价款，如果双方都须归还，他们必须同时这样

做。

Article 81

(1) Avoidance of the contract releases both parties from their obligations

under it, subject to any damages which may be due. Avoidance does not

affect any provision of the contract for the settlement of disputes or any other

provision of the contract governing the rights and obligations of the parties

consequent upon the avoidance of the contract.

(2) A party who has performed the contract either wholly or in part may

claim restitution from the other party of whatever the first party has supplied

or paid under the contract. If both parties are bound to make restitution, they

must do so concurrently.

第八十二条

　　（1）买方如果不可能按实际收到货物的原状归还货物，他就丧失

宣告合同无效或要求卖方交付替代货物的权利。

　　（2）上一款的规定不适用于以下情况：

　　（a）如果不可能归还货物或不可能按实际收到货物的原状归还货

物，并非由于买方的行为或不行为所造成；或者

　　（b）如果货物或其中一部分的毁灭或变坏，是由于按照第三十八

条规定进行检验所致；或者

（c）如果货物或其中一部分，在买方发现或理应发现与合同不符以

前，已为买方在正常营业过程中售出，或在正常使用过程中消费或改

变。

Article 82

(1) The buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided or to require

the seller to deliver substitute goods if it is impossible for him to make

restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received

them.

(2) The preceding paragraph does not apply:

(a) if the impossibility of making restitution of the goods or of making

restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which the buyer

received them is not due to his act or omission;

(b) if the goods or part of the goods have perished or deteriorated as a

result of the examination provided for in article 38; or

(c) if the goods or part of the goods have been sold in the normal course of

business or have been consumed or transformed by the buyer in the course

normal use before he discovered or ought to have discovered the lack of

conformity.

第八十三条

买方虽然依第八十二条规定丧失宣告合同无效或要求卖方交付替代货

物的权利，但是根据合同和本公约规定，他仍保有采取一切其它补救办

法的权利。

Article 83

A buyer who has lost the right to declare the contract avoided or to require

the seller to deliver substitute goods in accordance with article 82 retains all

other remedies under the contract and this Convention.

第八十四条

　　（1）如果卖方有义务归还价款，他必须同时从支付价款之日起支

付价款利息。

　　（2）在以下情况下，买方必须向卖方说明他从货物或其中一部分

得到的一切利益：

　　（a）如果他必须归还货物或其中一部分；或者

（b）如果他不可能归还全部或一部分货物，或不可能按实际收到货

物的原状归还全部或一部分货物，但他已宣告合同无效或已要求卖方支

付替代货物。

Article 84

(1) If the seller is bound to refund the price, he must also pay interest on it,

from the date on which the price was paid.

(2) The buyer must account to the seller for all benefits which he has

derived from the goods or part of them:

(a) if he must make restitution of the goods or part of them; or

(b) if it is impossible for him to make restitution of all or part of the goods

or to make restitution of all or part of the goods substantially in the condition

in which he received them, but he has nevertheless declared the contract

avoided or required the seller to deliver substitute goods.

第六节　保全货物

Section VI-Preservation of the goods

第八十五条

如果买方推迟收取货物，或在支付价款和交付货物应同时履行时，买

方没有支付价款，而卖方仍拥有这些货物或仍能控制这些货物的处置

权，卖方必须按情况采取合理措施，以保全货物。他有权保有这些货

物，直至买方把他所付的合理费用偿还他为止。

Article 85

If the buyer is in delay in taking delivery of the goods or, where payment

of the price and delivery of the goods are to be made concurrently, if he fails

to pay the price, and the seller is either in possession of the goods or

otherwise able to control their disposition, the seller must take such steps as

are reasonable in the circumstances to preserve them. He is entitled to retain

them until he has been reimbursed his reasonable expenses by the buyer.

第八十六条

　　（1）如果买方已收到货物，但打算行使合同或本公约规定的任何

权利，把货物退回，他必须按情况采取合理措施，以保全货物。他有权

保有这些货物，直至卖方把他所付的合理费用偿还给他为止。

（2）如果发运给买方的货物已到达目的地，并交给买方处置，而买

方行使退货权利，则买方必须代表卖方收取货物，除非他这样做需要支

付价款而且会使他遭受不合理的不便或需承担不合理的费用。如果卖方

或受权代表他掌管货物的人也在目的地，则此一规定不适用。如果买方

根据本款规定收取货物，他的权利和义务与上一款所规定的相同。

Article 86

(1) If the buyer has received the goods and intends to exercise any right

under the contract or this Convention to reject them, he must take such steps

to preserve them as are reasonable in the circumstances. He is entitled to

retain them until he has been reimbursed his reasonable expenses by the

seller.

(2) If goods dispatched to the buyer have been placed at his disposal at

their destination and he exercises the right to reject them, he must take

possession of them on behalf of the seller, provided that this can be done

without payment of the price and without unreasonable inconvenience or

unreasonable expense. This provision does not apply if the seller or a person

authorized to take charge of the goods on his behalf is present at the

destination. If the buyer takes possession of the goods under this paragraph,

his rights and obligations are governed by the preceding paragraph.

第八十七条

有义务采取措施以保全货物的一方当事人，可以把货物寄放在第三方

的仓库，由另一方当事人担负费用，但该项费用必须合理。

Article 87

A party who is bound to take steps to preserve the goods may deposit them

in a warehouse of a third person at the expense of the other party provided

that the expense incurred is not unreasonable.

第八十八条

　　（1）如果另一方当事人在收取货物或收回货物或支付价款或保全

货物费用方面有不合理的迟延，按照第八十五条或第八十六条规定有义

务保全货物的一方当事人，可以采取任何适当办法，把货物出售，但必

须事前向另一方当事人发出合理的意向通知。

　　（2）如果货物易于迅速变坏，或者货物的保全牵涉到不合理的费

用，则按照第八十五条或第八十六条规定有义务保全货物的一方当事

人，必须采取合理措施，把货物出售，在可能的范围内，他必须把出售

货物的打算通知另一方当事人。

（3）出售货物的一方当事人，有权从销售所得收入中扣回为保全货

物和销售货物而付的合理费用。他必须向另一方当事人说明所余款项。

Article 88

(1) A party who is bound to preserve the goods in accordance with article

85 or 86 may sell them by any appropriate means if there has been an

unreasonable delay by the other party in taking possession of the goods or in

taking them back or in paying the price or the cost of preservation, provided

that reasonable notice of the intention to sell has been given to the other

party.

(2) If the goods are subject to rapid deterioration or their preservation

would involve unreasonable expense, a party who is bound to preserve the

goods in accordance with article 85 or 86 must take reasonable measures to

sell them. To the extent possible he must give notice to the other party of his

intention to sell.

(3) A party selling the goods has the right to retain out of the proceeds of

sale an amount equal to the reasonable expenses of preserving the goods and

of selling them. He must account to the other party for the balance.