林肯解放黑人奴隶宣言(中英文对照)

林肯：解放黑人奴隶宣言

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:

By the President of the United States of America:

1862年9月22日，一个瘦弱而伟大的总统用颤抖的双手签署了这份宣言，他知道虽

然该宣言会激起奴隶主们的反抗，可能会造成国家南北的分裂。但为了结束一个资本主义

与奴隶制并存的畸形社会，他用颤抖的双手签了，虽然此后他的担心成真了，而且自己还

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被同情奴隶制的蒲斯刺杀了。但统一后的美利坚合众国在通往现代化的道路上一路狂飙，

创造了无数现代文明，引领了整个20世纪。这个丑陋而羸弱的总统也成就了美国历史上

最伟大的总统。

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:

By the President of the United States of America:

A PROCLAMATION

Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued

by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the

following, to wit:

"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any

State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion

against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the

executive government of the United States, including the military and naval

authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will

do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may

make for their actual freedom.

"That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation,

designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof,

respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that

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any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in

the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein

a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the

absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that

such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United

States."

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of

the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the

United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and

government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for

supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in

accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of

one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the

States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in

rebellion against the United States the following, to wit:

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines,

Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone,

Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans),

Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia

(except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties

of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and

Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts

are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

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And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and

declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of

States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of

the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will

recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all

violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all

case when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition

will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts,

positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the

Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of

mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.

On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves

residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government. This Emancipation

Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states

fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under

Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln‘s order. But

the proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil war was now

being fought to end slavery.

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Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer in white

supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of preserving the Union. As

pressure for abolition mounted in Congress and the country, however, Lincoln

became more sympathetic to the idea. On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary

proclamation announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan. 1,

1863, in those states still in rebellion. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did

not end slavery in America--this was achieved by the passage of the 13TH

Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865--it did make that

accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty.

DOUGLAS T. MILLER

Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation

(1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincoln‘s Proclamation (1964);

Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964).

1862年9月22日，合众国总统曾发出一道宣言，其内容如下：

“1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指

明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；公众国政府行政

部门，包括海陆军当局，将承认并保障这些人的自由，当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己

的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。

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政府的行政部门将于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地区的人民

当时尚在反抗合众国，如果有的话；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多数合法选举人参加

选举出来的代表参加合众国国会，同时没有强有力的反证时，这种事实就是该州及其人民

没有反抗合众国的确实证据”。

所以现在我，合众国总统阿伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合众国政府当局的武装叛变时期被

授权为合众国海陆军总司令的职权，作为一个适当的、必须的战略措施以便镇压上述叛变，

特于1863年元月1日，从上面第一次所说之日起至今足足一百天的期间，根据这样的目

的公开宣布现在反对合众国者有如下诸州及某些州的下列地区及其人民：

阿肯色、得克萨斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯尔拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孙、圣约翰、圣查

理、圣詹姆士、亚森湘、亚森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣马利、圣马丁以及奥尔良等郡，

包括新奥尔良城在内）、密西西比、阿拉巴马、弗罗里达、乔治亚、南卡罗来纳、北卡罗来

纳和佛吉尼亚（除去西佛吉尼亚四十八个郡以及柏克立、阿康玛克、诺珊普顿、依利萨伯、

约克、安公主、诺福克等郡包括诺福克和朴茨茅斯两城在内），这些除开的地区现在仍暂时

维持本公告发出之前的原有状况。

为着上述的目的，我利用我的职权，正式命令并宣告在上述诸州以及某些州的上述地

区以内所有作为奴录的人现在和今后永远获得自由；合众国政府，包括海陆军当局在内，

将承认并保持上述人们的自由。

我现在命令这些被宣布自由的人们，除非是必须的自卫，不得有违法行为；我劝告他

们，在任何可能的情况下，他们应当忠实地为合理的工资而劳动。

我进一步宣告在适当条件下，这些人们可参加合众国的军事工作，驻守炮台、陈地、

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卫戍区域以及其他地区，以及在各种军舰上服役。

我真诚地相信这个举动是一个正义的举动，合于宪法的规定，根据军事的需要。我祈

求人类的慎重判断和万能上帝的恩典。

作为证明，我署名于此并加盖合众国国玺。

于华盛顿，1863年元月1日

合众国独立第87周年。

阿伯拉罕·林肯

威廉·西华德（国务卿）

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