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2024年3月19日发(作者：巴尔)
Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）
Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）
Introduction（介绍）
The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的
A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along
to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe
connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。竖立有
导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮
None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to
the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明
船舶系统是一个总的集合体
—self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure
habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the
ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter
but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后
讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
In order to discuss naval architecture,it is helpful to place ships in certain
categories. For purposes of this text, ships are classified according to their means
of physical support and their designed purposes.将船舶分成一些特定的种类来讨论
造船工程是有好处的。本文的目的就是根据船舶物理支撑方式和设计目的来将它们分类。
Ships Typed According to Means of Physical Support（根据物理支撑方式来分类）
The mode of physical support by which vessels can be categorized assumes that
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the vessel is operating under designed conditions- Ships are designed to operate
above, on, or below the surface of the sea, so the air-sea interface will be used
as the reference datum.
船舶按物理支撑的分类方式假设，船舶是在设计工况的条件下航行。船舶预定在海面上，
海面中或海面以下航行，因此使用空气与水的接触面作为基准面。
Because the nature of the physical environment is quite different for the three
regions just mentioned, the physical characteristics of ships designed to operate
in those regions can be diverse.由于上面提到的三个区域中物理环境的本质相差很大，
所以那些区域中的船的物 理特性也不同。
Aerostatic Support（空气静力支撑）
There are two categories of vessels that are supported above the surface of
the sea on a self-induced cushion of air. These relatively lightweight vehicles
are capable of high speeds,since air resistance is considerably less than water
resistance, and the absence of contact with small waves combined with flexible seals
reduces the effects of wave impact at high speed. 有两种靠自身诱导的气垫浮于海
面上的船。这些重量相对轻的船能够高速航行，这是因为空气阻力比水阻力小得多，而且船舶
高速航行时，弹性密封圈没有与小波浪接触，因而降低了了波浪冲击的影响。
Such vessels depend on lift fans to create a cushion of low-pressure air in
an underbody chamber. 这种船依靠升力风扇在船体水下部分产生了低压气垫。
This cushion of air must be sufficient to support the weight of the vehicle
above the water surface.这种空气气垫必须足够支撑水面上方船的重量。
The first type of vessel flexible “skirts” that entirely surround the air
cushion and enable the ship to rise completely above the sea surface.
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