大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)

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along,at the end of the passage

sound he thought he heard

danger out side

33/200

Passage 65

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,

a familiar families have similar genes as well as similar environ

ments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared e

nvironmental factors,or to some years,the role of one environmental

factor commonly shared by families,namely dietary ,sodium chloride),h

as been studied at Brookhaven National studies suggest tha

t chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and

individuals,however,and some rats consume large amounts of s

alt without developing high blood matter how strictly all environ

mental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals ne

ver developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hy

pertension followed by early marked variations were interpreted

to result from differences in genetic constitution.

By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to dev

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elop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has bee

n evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence t

he blood pressure contrast,by mating only animals that quickly

develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been dev

eloped.

The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore

provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate s

ome clinical aspects of the human prototypes of importan

t,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susc

eptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without w

aiting for its ctive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in w

orking out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.

study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out

______.

members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt

explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance

e it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure

e of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives

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main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.

for sodium 22

of mating

on to salt

of blood

can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.

l high blood pressure

high blood pressure caused by salt

the "S" rats from the "R" rats

ine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like

most beneficial results of the research might be ______.

pment of diets free of salt

early cure for high blood pressure

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l of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure

early identification of potential high blood pressure victims

of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?

salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.

near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

medical field is desperately in need of research.

d.A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

33/200

Passage 65答案：acddd

34/200

Passage 66

"Culture shock" occurs as result of total immersion in a new ha

ppens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers

may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,

or understand people's behavior in daily visitor finds that "yes" may

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not always mean "yes",that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,

or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as

foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands,when to start conversa

tions,or how to approach a notion of "culture shock" helps expl

ain feelings of bewilderment and ge problems do not ac

count for all the frustrations that people one is deprived of everyt

hing that was once familiar,such as understanding a transportation system, k

nowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friend

s,difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise.

"...when an individual enters a strange culture,he or she is like fish out o

f water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienat

ed from the native members of the this happens visitors may

want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and e

xaggerate the positive aspects of their own sely visitors may sc

orn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to ident

ify with(if only temporatily)the value of the new may occur as a

n attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by t

he people in it.

expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests ______.

away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture

b.a fish can not survive without water

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away from their culture experience mental isolation

away from their culture have difficulties in new environment

order to identify with the new environment,some people may ______.

an exaggerated picture of their own country

ize the positive aspects of their own county

n their original beliefs

a temporary set of values

of the following statements is true according to the author?

xity results in culture shock.

b.A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion.

e shock is the explanation of anxiety.

e shock happens to foreign students only.

er may worry about ______.

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ignorance of the alien customs

knowledge of "Yes" in the native language

understanding of friendship

control of their behavior

the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to

cope whith,he is most likely to feel ______.

red

ed

ted

d

32/200答案：cdadbc

35/200

Passage 7

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixtur

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e of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in

many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways

of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas,

more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with dif

ferent beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and grea

ter tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social cha

nge by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are

quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the

need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the sa

me. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least custo

mary and undisputed.

Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently an

d more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-materia

l, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned

later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less e

motional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements ra

ther than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in ele

ments that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it come

s more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one wit

h sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more qui

ckly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because

of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counter

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parts.

passage is mainly discussing __________ .

necessity of social change

n factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur

different societies

n factors that promote social change

2.______ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.

interest

ent points of view

emotional people

ed technology

ing to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotiona

l aspects of society.

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eement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down

social change.

change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they

were young.

expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to _____ .

a."greater willingness to accept social change"

b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances"

c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior"

d."geeater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas"

change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite

similar in many ways because ________ .

there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seld

om think it necessary to change

there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much d

ifficulty

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there are easy to please

there are less disputed

35/200答案：bbbca

36/200

passage 8

The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested t

hat he had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew se

veral European languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excelle

nt cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attrac

ting attention, visit any neutral country.

It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,"You k

now you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work.

I'll tell you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign

government minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover from a

cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in

a despatchcase.

"A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restauran

t or other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel,

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and when he came to himself in the morning the lady and the despatch-cas

e had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theo

ry is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass."

"Do you mean to say that happened the other day?"said Ashenden weari

ly.

"The week before last."

"Impossible,"cried Ashenden. "Why, we've been putting that incident on t

he stage for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean

to say that life has only just caught up with us?"

"Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story." said the Colonel, "And beli

eve me, the government concerned has been put to no end of trouble by th

e loss of the documents."

"Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service," sighed A

shenden, "that I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of ficti

on, it's washout."

did the Colonel suggest that Ashenden's being a writer would rela

te to his work as a spy?

would make travelling abroad more possible.

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would make it easier for him to meet people.

would enable him to avoid arousing suspicion.

would enable him to use the languages he knew.

reason for the Minister's trip was ________ .

fetch some documents

get over an illness

meet a spy

deliver some papers

ing to the Colonel the incident happened _______ .

a.a few days before

b.a few weeks before

weeks before

years before

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en cried 'Impossible' after hearing the Colonel's story because h

e thought ______ .

could not possibly happen

was too embarrassing

was too close to fiction

was too recent

effect of the loss of documents on the foreign government was th

at _______ .

put an end to one source of trouble

caused them a lot of inconvenience

merely denied it had happened

refused to believe it

36/200 passage 8答案：cbccd

37/200

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Passage 67

The United States is a federal union of 50 capital of national

government is in Washington,D.C.(District of Columbia).The federal constitutio

n sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and

constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which a

re necessary for the common defense and the good of the also giv

es the federal government the power to deal with national and international

problems that involve more than one powers that are not given to t

he federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the indivi

dual states.

The federal government has three branches--the executive,the legislative,a

nd the legislative brandch makes the laws,executive branch carrie

s out the laws,and judicial branch interprets the President heads the

executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial legisl

ative branch includes both houses of Congress--the Senate and the House of

constitution limits the powers of each branch and preven

ts one branch from gaining too much example,Congress can pass

a Law the President may sign heless,the Supreme Court can declare

the law unconstitutional and nullify it.

All government in the United States is "of the people,by the people and

for the people".The people elect the President and the members of Congres

r,the President appoints the heads of federal departments and the S

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upreme Court citizen votes in uently,no one knows

for whom and indevidual people believe that their government sh

ould provide a frameword and order within which they are left free to run t

heir own lives.

makes the laws?

Congress.

Federal government.

President.

supreme Court.

capital of the United States lies in _____.

state of the COlumbia

of the fifty states

state of New York

state of Washington

on what you can know from the passage,which of the following

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statements is true?

heads of federal departments are elected by the people.

President sets up the structures of the federal government.

judicial branch has the authority to explain the laws.

constitution gives all powers to the federal government.

constitution limits the powers of each branch of the federal govern

ment because _____.

U.S. has fifty states

individual states have their own governments

federal government has three branches

one branch should not have too much power

main point of this passage is ______.

three branches of the U.S. government

an government

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Federal Consititution

people should be left free to run their own lives

37/200 Passage 67答案：abcdb

38/200

Passage 69

40 Years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard o

when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandevi

lle,England in 1984 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann,the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann,who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi

Gernamy,had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries ce

ntre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near ideas about treating injuri

es included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just tow teams of injured soldiers took next y

ear,1949,five teams took those beginnings,things have developed fa

now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every 1960 the

first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome,in the same place as the

normal Olympic Games,although they are organized other years

Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke the 1984 wheelc

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hair Olympic Games,1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took p

unately,they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles,

along with the other Olympics.

The Games have been a great success in promoting international friends

hiop and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean y

ou can't enjoy small source of disappointment for those who orga

nize and take part in the games,however,has been the unwillingness of the I

nternational Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic G

ames for the s a few more years are still needed to convi

nce those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow ath

lets should not be excluded.

first games for the desabled were held _____ after Sir Ludwig Gutt

mann arrived in England.

a.40 years

b.21 years

c.10 years

d.9 years

s Stoke Mandeville,surely the games for the disabled were once

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held in _____.

York

Angeles

Paragraph 3,the word "athletes" means _____.

who support the games

who watch the games

who organize the games

who compete in the games

of the following statements in NOT true?

Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disable

d.

Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.

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Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.

Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.

the passage,we may conclude that the writer is _____.

of the organizers of the games for the disabled

b.a disabled person who once took part in the games

t holding the games for the disabled

favour of holding the games for the disabled

36/200答案：cbccb

39/200

passage 9

Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University,first had a probl

em taking tests when she began college."I was always well prepared for my

mes I studied for weeks before a I would go in to take t

he test,only to find I could not answer the questions correctly.I would blank

out because of nervousness and fear.I couldn't think of the low gr

ades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher." Another studen

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t in microbiology and similar said ,"My first chemistry test wa

s very ,on the second test,I sat down to take it,and I was so ner

vous that I was hands were moving up and down so quickly that

it was hard to hold my pencil.I knew the materical and I knew the answers.

Yet I couldn't even writen them down!"

These two young students were experiencing something called test anxie

e a student worries and it uneasy about a test,his or her mind does

not work as well as it usually student can't write or think clearly b

ecause of the extreme tension and gh poor grades are oft

en a result of poor study habits,sometimes test anxiety causes the low grade

ly,test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem,not just an exc

use or a false explanation of lazy students.

Special university counseling courses try to help these course

s,counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxi

some universities,students take tests to measure their the test

s show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help the

m deal with their courses teach students how to relax their bo

ts are trained to become calm in bery tense controlli

ng their nervousness,they can let their minds work at ease .Learned informati

on then comes out without difficulty on a test.

An expert at the University of California explains."With almost all student

s, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out of then ex

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perience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement.

With some,the improvement is very great."

"blank out" is probably______.

be like a blanket

be sure of an answer

be unable to think clearly

show knowledge to the teacher

grades are usually the result of _______.

hygienic habits

ss

of sleep

ity to form good study habits

anxiety has been recognized as _______.

excuse for laziness

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result of poor habits

c.a real problem

ing that can't be changed

deal with this problem,students say they want to ______.

a short course on anxiety

about anxiety

able to manage or understand their anxiety

test to prove they are not anxiety

5.A University of California counselor said_______.

students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxie

ty program

all students felt less stress after taking a University of California

counseling course

ts found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a sp

ecial test anxiety course

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ts found it easy to relax as soon as they extered a University of

California counseling course

39/200答案：cdcab

40/200

passage 11

Washington now covers the entire District was first known as

National city,and it remains the capital of the authority to establish

a federal district was embodied in the Consitution but the city's lacation res

ulted from an early political ally ten miles square, the Distr

ict's lands were taken from Virginia and Maryland. In the 1840s,congress retu

rned Virginia's land and now many governmental buildings are outside the f

ederal 50 years ago,Washington's population was small--as was t

he nation's concept of there are 3 million inhabitants.

George Washington was deeply involved in creating this home, M

ount Vernon,was only 25 miles away but during his presidency,the national c

apital was in New York american government occupied its new capit

al 1800 and the city was then named in honor of George Washington who h

ad recently died.

Few cities are as impressive or beautiful as has a great mal

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l with the Capital at one end the Lincoln Memorial at the mid-point

is the Washington white house is just off the mall.

Washington attracts millions of tourists annually---people who come to s

ee their government in action and to examine the dozens of museums,galleri

es,parks and heaviest tourist invasion is in the spring when the

weather is best and when hundreds of cherry trees,a gift from japan,are in

bloom.

gton is beautifulo city because_______.

flat terrain allows for easy arrangement of buildings

location is in the center of the nation

has many museums

was carefully planned and has a graceful mall

district of columbia and the city of washington________.

the same real estate

all of the buildings of the national capital

e homes for all the federal government employees

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in lands once belonging to Virginaia

gtime visit to washington would be good except for one of thes

e reasons:______.

weather

trees in bloom

of the facilities are open

many tourists

land which comprises the present District of Columbia _____ .

belonged to the national government

very recently covered land ceded by two states

in area which once belonged entirely to Maryland

strictly limited to governmental operations

location of Washington was selected because _________ .

a political compromise between two political parties

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Washington did not wish to commute far from Mount Vernon

c.a tidal river nearby made for easy ocean access

ia wanted to get rid of some land

41/200

Passage 72

Not all long-distance phone calls are made over phone ,phon

e wires are being replaced by fiber optics make telephoning fast

er and easier than ever before.

In the past,telephone calls were made mostly over copper

wires are heavy and optics are flexible,glass are no thi

cker than a human hair.A wire cable is as thick as a man's optical fib

er cable is as thick as a thumb.

Fiber optics transfer sound into ,a person speaks into a phone.T

he sound is changed into electrical impulses.A small laser changes the electri

cal impulses into coded bursts of light is decoded hack into electric

al impulses at the telephone recieving y,the electrical impulses ar

e changed into sounds again at the receiving telephone.

Optical fibers transimit calls much faster than copper wires laser

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pulses with light as fast as 90 million times a that speed,every wo

rd in a dictionary can be sent through a single fiber in a few

l fibers also save space.A few fibers can carry more calls than thousands of

strands of copper cable.

Optical fibers will be used for video as well as voice

d they will prove useful in computer-to-computer r,it will tak

e years to replace existing wires.

of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?

optics are flexible,glass fibers.

wires have been used in most phone systems.

optics are an improvement in communication systems.

d.A few optical fibers can carry thousands of phone calls.

it is used in the passage,the phrase"fiber optics"(paragraph1)means _

____.

ission of information by means of infra-red light signals aling a t

hin glass fiber.

al or substance formed from a mass of fibers.

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c.a flexible fiber-optic instrument that is used to view objects

d.a composite material consisting of glass fibers in resin

of the following can not be inferred about fiber cables from the

passage?

carry light waves.

can be used in many forms of communication.

are better than copper wires.

are shorter than copper wires.

can infer from the passage that a "cable" is _____.

a.a group of wires or strands that are bundled together

b.a copper wire that is used to carry phone calls

c.a glass fiber that carrise coded bursts of light

d.a laser that changers electrical impulses into light

can infer from the passage that the word"transmit"(paragraph 4) m

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ost nearly means _____.

from one place to another

with light

e quickly

41/200 Passage 72 答案：cadaa

42/200

Passage 74

In October 1987,the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards b

egan its word to set new standards of accomplichment for the teaching prof

ession and to improve the quality of education available to all children in th

e United States.

Teachers are committed to students and their must act on

the belief that all students can must recognize individual differenc

es in their students and adjust their practice must know tha

t their mission extends beyond developing the cognitive capcity of their stud

must be concerned with their students' self-concept,with their moti

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vation,and with the development of character.

Teacher must know the subjects they teach and how to teach

must command sepecialized knowledge of how to convey a subject to sude

rs are responsible for managing and monitoring student

ey must call on multiple methods to meet their goals,knowing and being abl

e to employ a variety of instructional rs must think systematically

about their practice and learn from experience,seeking the advice of others

and drawing on education research and scholarship to improve their practice.

As members of learning communities,teachers contribute to school effecti

veness by collaborating with other take advantage of com

munity resources,cultivation knowledge of their school's community as a pow

erful resource for learning.

1."Teachers are committed to students and their learning."The sentence

means that _____.

rs should meet all the demands of students

rs should set verry high demands on students

rs should be very kind to students

rs must be responsible for students and their leaning

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ing to the author,if a student performs poorly at school,it may b

e the duty of _____.

y

rs

s

students

rs' task should go beyond developing the learning ability of stud

ents and they should _____.

he subjects they teach

it valued knowledge

t their students,know about their interests and develop their char

acter

the advice of others

effectiveness mainly depends on _____.

rs who work together

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ts

ng materials

leaders

best title for this passage is _____.

to Manage Student Learning

ng from Experience

ons Between Teachers and Students

High Standards for Teachers

40/200答案：dadca

43/200

passage 21

In the early days of nuclear power,the united states made money on it.

But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear p

lants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.

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The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor

"meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten

ic health are very to even further reduce the possibility,engineers ar

e testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down

but on the laws of General Electric is already building two adva

nced reactors in don't expect them even on unless thin

gs change in Washington.

The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad tim

e during,or even after,construction,an objection by any group or individual ca

n bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to cou

ile,the builder must add nice-but-necesary improvements,some of

which force him to knock down walls and start every case when a pl

ant has been opposed,the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately gra

nted a license to construct ends up abandoning the plant anyway.

A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long

am was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticet,both ordered in t

he mid-60s'.Millstone,complete for ＄101 million,has been generating electricit

y for two am, however,was singled out by antinulear activists

who,by sending in endless protests,drove the cost ＄5 billion and delayed its

use for many years.

Shoreham finally won its operation the plant has never produ

ced a watt or Mario Cuomo,an opponent of a Shoreham start-u

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p, used his power to force New York's publicutilities commission to accept th

e following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham

along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the ,a pe

rfectly good facility,capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes,sits

rusting.

author's attitude towards the development of nuclear power it ____

_.

ve

l

ve

oning

has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad

dream?

inefficiency of the nuclear regulation commission

enormous cost of comstruction and operation

length of time it takes to make investigation.

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objection of the opponents of nuclear power.

can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ______.

are not enough safety measures in the u.s for running new nucle

ar power plants.

is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power

plants in the u.s.

are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U.S.

American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to b

e installed in the u.s.

or Mario Cuomo's chief intention in porposing the settlement wa

s to _______.

the Shoreham plant from going into operation

the Shoreham company to further increase its power supply

the Shoreham plant to operation under certain conditions

the power company to solve its financial porblems

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补32/200答案：cdadbc

43/200答案:cdba

44/200

passage 29

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who come

s in contact with them. Their values-this can't be repeated too often-are not

necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order not necessarily t

he most important things. The social services from time to time find themsel

ves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an ol

d person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfer

ing with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their r

elatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the

ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this conc

ept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken wit

h the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it n

eeds more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comp

arison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that su

ch operations are painful experiences, howerer good the results. And at what

point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to p

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ush off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful

old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? Y

ou cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can s

ee the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on th

e principle that while there's life, there's hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclu

sion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on

health than it does on your ability to have fun.

is implied in Paragraph 1 that __________ .

old people enjoy living with their relatives

services have nothing to do with very old people

old people would like to live alone so that they can have more p

ersonal freedom

old people are able to keep their rooms very clean

social workers think that _______________ .

and safety are more important than personal freedom

al freedom is more important than health and safety

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people should keep their rooms clean

should not take the risk of dealing with old people

word "it" in the last paragraph refers to _________ .

conclusion you have come to

talk to the old people

r age is happy or unpleasant

's money or one's health

author thinks that _____________ .

l decisions for old people should be left to the doctors

people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich

opinion that we should try every means possible to save old peopl

e is doubtful

is always morally right to treat old people and push off death

42/200

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Passage 74

dbcad

45/200

Passage 75

It is estimated that some seven hundred million people--about half the

world's population--are unable to read and write,and there are probably tow

hundred and fifty million more whose level of attainment is so slight that it

barely qualifies a literacy.

Recently the attack on illiteracy has been stepped up.A world plan has b

een drawn up by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris,as part of the UN

ESCO Nations Development Decade,and an international conference on the s

ubject has also been stresses that functional literacy is the aim.

People must learn the basic skills of responsible citizenship:the ability to read

notices,newpapers,timetables,letters,pricelists,to keep simple records and acco

unts,to sort out the significance of the information gathered,and to fill in for

ms.

The major areas of illiteracy are in Asia,Africa,and Central and South Ame

rica there are at least one hundred million illiterates,comprising eighty to eig

hty-five per cent of the total Europe the figure is about twenty

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-four million,most of them in Southern Europe,with Spain,Italy,Portugal,and Yu

goslavia heading the list(the United Kingdom has bout seven hundred thousa

nd).

figure of world illiteracy was obtained by _____.

committee of UNESCO

s in Paris

international organization

of these

ng carefully the clues in the passage,we learn that the total popu

lation of Africa is _____.

imately seven hundred million

imately one hundred and twenty-five million

imately eight or eight point five thousand million

y twenty-four million

figure of illiteracy in Britain comprises _____.

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point one per cent of that of illiteracy in the world

point tow per cent of the world adult population

-five per cent of Europe's population

point five per cent of that of the illiteracy in Southern Europe.

is obvious that UNESOO _____.

a company in France

a world organization attached to the U.N.

mainly at combating illiteracy

many experts whose level of attainment is far from literacy.

5.A world plan mentioned in the passage aims at _____.

ng responsible citizens

ing the functions of UNESCO

g illiterates learn how to read and write

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Southern European countries to take the lead in attacking illiter

acy

author implies that this world plan is to _____.

carried out in the mayor areas of illiteracy like Africa

realized in ten years

drawn up by Parician experts

debted at an international conference

45/200

Passage 75

dbabcb

46/200

Passage 77

The world has become a world of the present rate of urban g

rowth(3.8% in the Third World),the majority of the population of the world w

ill be living in cities by the year will transform the rural-urban equ

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ation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for

new paradigms and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.

This being so,one must accept the fact that for some years to come,no

policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trends

from the rural areas to the cities in the Third Africa,the urban popul

ation will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150

million in 1985.

The munber of people living in shanty towns will inevitably increase in s

pite of the efforts to improve housing alone needs to build

12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most

basic an ILO study,aman estimates that in 70 Third Worl

d cities the proportion of people living in shanty towns varies from 15% to

70% and that about US $ 116 billion are required to give minimum comfort

to these people by the turn of the century--less than US $ 10 billion per ye

ar.

The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people pe

r year,with the Third World accounting for 80 million of pressure o

n cities can only go on urban population of the developing c

ountries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main re

ason for the high demographic growth is poverty,the additional population w

ill be mostly made of people of very limited means.

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the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion p

eople by the year 2000,the additional people will face the problem of _____.

g

y

d land

ing to the passage "about US $ 116 billion are reauired to give

minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century--less than US

$ 10billion per year."Do you think which year was the article written by sayin

g"less than $ 10 billion per year"by the turn of the century?

a.1985

b.1990

c.1988

d.1987

3. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become

a world of cities with _____.

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a.a lot of difficulties

s to improve housing condition

re of the basic needs

nodels and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods

Africa,people in cities will be _____ by the end of the century.

twice as much as in 1985

d than that in 1985

twice as much as in 1985

d.300 million

spite of teh efforts to improve housing condition,the number of peol

e living in shanty towns will increase because _____.

in shanty towns are cheap

towns could provide people with minimum comfort

policy will be capable of stopping or changing the prsent immigrant

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tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World

Third World population is growing at a rate of about 80 million pe

ople per year

44/200答案：cabcc

47/200

passage 32

At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do somethin

g strange or r,chances are that you don't act on your impulse

,but let it pass instead .You know that to commit the action is wrong in so

me way and that other people will not accept your behavior .

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo beh

avior is how can change over the years within the same society ,how certain

behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly accepta

ble and natural at another point in time .Topics such as death, for example,

were once considered so upsettting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to e

ven talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as

On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye ,people have become mo

re aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and ,as a res

ult ,are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.

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One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike

manty other taboos,fat is a topic that americans talk about constantly. It's no

t taboo to talk about fat ;it's taboo to be fat. The "in " look is thin ,not fat .

In the work world ,most companies prefer youthful-looking ,trim executives t

o sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is as

sociated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand ,is

thought of as lazy and lacking in energy ,self-discipline ,and self-respect. Aft

er all ,people think ,how can people who care about themselves ,and therefo

re the way they look, permit themselves to become fat ? In an image-consci

ous society like the U.S.,thin is "in" ,fat is "out".

It's not surprising ,then ,that millions of americans have become obsesse

d with staying slim and "in shape ". The pursuit of a youthful physical appea

rance in not ,however ,the sole reason for american's obsession with diet an

d exercise .Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exe

rcise for personal health .As in most technologically developed nations ,the li

fe-style of north americans has changed dramatically during the course of th

e last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were

once forced to do by hand .Cars and buses transport us quickly from point

to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse ,people's bodies can easily beco

me weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, million

s of americans are spending more of their time exercising .The effect of this

new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled wit

h joggers and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly f

ound prestige ,and many companies are providing special exercise facilities f

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or their employees to use during the work day.

the passage we can infer taboo is _____.

a. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible

b. a crime committed on impulse

c. behaviour considered unacceptable in society 's eyes

d. an unfavourable impression left on other society's people

on the ideas presented in the passage we can concluded "being

fat" _____ in american society.

a. will always remain a taboo

b. is not considered a taboo by most people

c. has long been a taboo

d. may no longer be a taboo some day

topic of fat is _____ many other taboo subjects .

a. the same as

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b. different form

c. more popluar than

d. less often talked about than

the U. S. ,thin is "in " ,fat is "out ",this means ______.

a. thin si inside ,fat is outside

b. thin is diligent ,fat is lazy

c. thin is youthful ,fat is spiritless

d. thin is fashionable ,fat is unfashionable

from this new understanding of th correlation between health an

d exercise ,the main reason the passage gives for why so many americands

are exercising regularly is _____.

a. their changed life-style

b. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful

c. their appreciation of the importance of exercise

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d. the encouragement they have received from their companies

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