山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

学校

:___________

姓名：

___________

班级：

___________

考号：

___________

一、阅读理解

Hertz International Car Rental Guide

Welcome to Hertz international car rental site! We look forward to assisting you with

Hertz car rental worldwide. Drive the world with Hertz!

Why Hertz

Founded in 1918, Hertz is the world’s largest and most popular car rental company, with

more than 750,000 vehicles stored in over 10,800 rental shops (2,000 airport locations)

worldwide.

You can enjoy the fastest car rental service worldwide. No long queues. No unnecessary

paperwork. Booking with your Hertz membership, you just go straight to your car and drive

away. Return without waiting, and the electronic bill will be sent to your mail box in time.

Renters’ Qualification & Requirements

●Passport

● Min. 21 years old

●Valid (

有效的

) driving license, min. 1 year driving experience

●International Driving Permit (IDP) or China Driving License English Translation (only

apply to China Driving License holders)

●Valid international credit card (Please note that your bank card should be valid at least

3 months from the date of return)

●Booking Confirmation ID

Please Note: Hertz locations in USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most countries in

Europe and Asia (excluding Japan and Korea) now accept China Driver’s License when it is

accompanied (

伴随

) with an English translation. Please contact Hertz China Call Center

4008423604 or follow Hertz China official WeChat “HertzGuoJiZuChe” to apply for English

translation of China Driver’s License for free.

1

．

What is an advantage of Hertz?

A

．

It gives paper bills without delay.

B

．

It provides certain free cars.

C

．

It has over 750,000 rental shops.

试卷第1页，共11页

D

．

It offers the most convenient service.

2

．

What is necessary for a Chinese to rent a car from Hertz?

A

．

An age over 18.

B

．

A short time credit card.

C

．

An English edition of driver’s license.

D

．

At least 3 months driving experience.

3

．

Where is this text probably taken from?

A

．

A webpage.

C

．

A sales advertisement.

LaKeicee was trying to plan a party, but Jaxson hadn’t made up his mind on how he

wanted to celebrate. “Tell me what you want to do for your birthday,” LaKeicee said as his

son’s birthday approached. She remembered her son looking at her for a moment before

saying, “Let’s feed the homeless.” She thought he meant that he wanted to donate cans, or

spend a day volunteering at a soup kitchen. But Jaxson had something bigger in mind.

“They need a full Easter meal like we do,” he said. LaKeicee asked him how many

people he wanted to feed. “As many as possible,” Jaxson replied. “That’s how it all began,”

LaKeicee recalled. “He’s been going ever since.”

Jaxson Turner, now 13, is the founder of his own charity—N2Y2C, a nonprofit he has

been running with his mother’s help for three years. He has four main projects: feeding the

homeless, domestic violence awareness, back to school supplies for classmates in need, and a

Christmas project in partnership with Samaritan Inn.

Jaxson’s inspiration came from seeing people on corners begging for food. He saw it

throughout the city and realized that people in need were everywhere. He also grew up

cooking with his mother, who made a big Sunday dinner every week, and he wanted to give

that experience to other people.

Jaxson raised money through grassroots efforts like lemonade stands and GoFundMe

pages. Some of it was used to buy school supplies for over 100 kids a year, and some was

used for a Christmas party he threw for the kids staying at Samaritan Inn, a homeless shelter

in McKinney.

In total, he has raised $72,444 for N2Y2C project. N2Y2C doesn’t have a website, but

it’s coming. Most of the words are spread over social media, but Jaxson has big plans for the

试卷第2页，共11页

B

．

A travel plan.

D

．

A guide book.

future. As LaKeicee says, there’s always someone out there who needs help, and she is

honored to help her son do it.

4

．

What did Jaxson want for his 10

th

birthday?

A

．

Holding a party

B

．

Supplying the homeless with food

C

．

Donating cans

D

．

Volunteering at a soup kitchen

5

．

What drove Jaxson to found the N2Y2C?

A

．

The desire to care for the beggars

B

．

The need to set up a website

C

．

The demand for raising money

D

．

The thirst for partners

6

．

What can we know about N2Y2C?

A

．

It makes great profits

B

．

It is intended for stay-at-home children

C

．

It turns out to be a success

D

．

It gains popularity among the young

7

．

What might be a suitable title for the text?

A

．

Hard Work Pays Off

B

．

Never Too Young to Care

C

．

One Good Turn Deserves Another

D

．

A Good Heart Is Better Than a Noble Position

Have you ever noticed an ant in your home, only to find that a week later the whole

group has moved in? The traps you set up catch only a few of these ants, but soon, the rest of

the group has mysteriously disappeared. Now a study published in the journal Cell explores

how certain danger-signaling pheromones(

信息激素

)—the scent markers ants give off to

communicate with each other — activate a specific part of the ants’ brains and can change the

behavior of the whole nest.

This research suggests that ants have their own kind of communication center in their

brains, similar to humans. This center can interpret alarm pheromones, or “danger signals”,

from other ants. The researchers used an engineered protein called GCaMP to scan the brain

试卷第3页，共11页

activity of clonal raider ants(

克隆蚁

) that were exposed to danger signals. GCaMP works by

attaching itself to calcium ions (

钙离子

), which light up with brain activity, and the resulting

chemical compound can be seen on high-resolution microscopes adapted to view them.

When performing the scans, the researchers noticed that only a small section of the ants’

brains lit up in response to danger signals, but the ants still showed immediate and complex

behaviors in response. These behaviors were named the “panic response” because they

involved actions such as fleeing, and transporting their young from the nest toward a safer

location.

For the purpose of this study, researchers chose clonal raider ants as a species because

they are easy to control. They used ants of one sex within one class and role (female worker

ants) to guarantee consistency and therefore make it easier to observe widespread patterns.

8

．

What does the study focus on?

A

．

The traps used to catch ants

B

．

How to activate dangerous signals

C

．

The reason why the whole ant group moves

D

．

How pheromones affect the ants’ behavior

9

．

What is presented in Paragraph 2?

A

．

The study procedure.

B

．

The research principles.

C

．

The chemical combination.

D

．

The adaption of microscope.

10

．

What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A

．

Panic causes the ants to flee.

B

．

GCaMP can activate the brain.

C

．

The ants are sensitive to the pheromones.

D

．

The ants’ brains will light up during the research.

11

．

Why did the researchers choose ants of the same kind?

A

．

To shorten the experiment time

B

．

To ensure the reliability of the result.

C

．

To control the ants properly

D

．

To simplify the experimental process

试卷第4页，共11页

For some people, the term “black box” brings to mind the recording devices in airplanes

that are valuable for later analyses if the unthinkable happens. But black box is also an

important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with

internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but

you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.

Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems

like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (

算法

) or a set of

algorithms, training data and a model. An algorithm is a set of procedures. In machine

learning, an algorithm learns to identify patterns after being trained on a large set of examples

— the training data. Once a machine-learning algorithm has been trained, the result is a

machine-learning model. The model is what people use. Any of the three parts of a

machine-learning system can be hidden, or in a black box. So to protect their intellectual

property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.

The opposite of a black box is sometimes referred to as a glass box. An Al glass box is a

system whose algorithms, training data and model are all available for anyone to see.

In many cases, there is a good reason to be careful of black box machine-learning

algorithms and models. Suppose a machine-learning model has made a diagnosis about your

health. Would you want the model to be in a black box or a glass box?

For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black

box would prevent hackers (

黑客

) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This

assumption has largely been proved wrong because hackers can reverse (

逆向

)-engineer

software and discover vulnerabilities to make use of. If software is in a glass box, then

software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of

disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.

12

．

Why does the author mention “black box” in airplanes in the first paragraph?

A

．

To explain a rule.

C

．

To present a fact.

13

．

What’s the value of the AI black boxes?

A

．

Warning the hackers.

B

．

Recording important data.

C

．

Reducing internet crimes.

D

．

Protecting software systems.

试卷第5页，共11页

B

．

To introduce the topic.

D

．

To define a concept.

14

．

What does the underlined word “vulnerabilities” mean in the last paragraph?

A

．

Possibilities.

C

．

Weaknesses.

B

．

Flexibilities.

D

．

Advantages.

15

．

What is the author’s attitude towards the AI boxes?

A

．

Objective.

B

．

Doubtful. C

．

Indifferent. D

．

Approving.

二、七选五

Win and Lose with Grace

During my years as an early childhood teacher, I learned very quickly which children

were driven to be the best—the winner. Some children were not especially bothered by losing,

whereas others turned every opportunity into a competition. 16 . However, we can

help our children learn to handle it.

●Acknowledge disappointment from losing

Teach your child that it’s okay to feel disappointed after losing. 17 . Some

children may be ready to jump back in and play again. Others may need to ask for a hug,

spend a little time alone, or read a book to calm down. It is never okay to say mean words

about others.

● 18

Share with your child that even if they feel upset or disappointed, they can congratulate

those who did win. Find meaningful ways to be a good loser. Share a praise with other

players to let them know something they did was really positive. Thinking about others’

feelings can often help children manage their own (e.g., “They worked really hard-just like

me!”).

●Talk about luck and chance

Some games take very little effort to win or lose, relying mostly on chance. Talk with

children about luck and chance and let them know that sometimes you choose cards that help

you win and sometimes you don’t. 19 .

●Focus on effort

20 . When children are preparing for a competition, praise them for how hard

they worked. Focus on effort even after a competition ends whether your child won or lost.

This encourages children to recognize that they can improve and grow, making it more likely

试卷第6页，共11页