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2024年4月12日发(作者：caruso歌词)
[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷
一、名词解释
1 suprasegmental
2 rime(rhyme)
3 cranberry morpheme
4 phrasal category
5 mental lexicon
6 genetic relation
7 paraphrase
8 implicature
9 synecdoche
10 syllabus
二、音标题
11 For each natural class of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s)that they all
share.
12
13
14 [j][w][l][r][m]
15
答案见麦多课文库
16 In Southern Kongo, a Bantu language spoken in Angola, the non-palatal consonants[t,
s, z]are in complementary distribution with their palatal counterparts[c,∫,], as shown in
the following words: tobola to bore a hole cina to cuttanu fivekofi lionciba
bananaimola almskesoka to be cut nselele termitekasu emaciation loloi to wash
housekunezulu heaven zega to cutnzwetu ourima to stretchzevo then(1)State the
distribution of the palatals and the non-palatals, and(2)formulate one phonological rule
and derive all the surface palatals with the rule formulated, using the wordima "to
stretch" for illustrating the derivation.
17 The English word unlockable has two different lexical meanings, i. e. "not able to
lock" and "able to be unlocked". The semantic ambiguity of the word comes from
structural ambiguity. Give the meaning corresponding to the morphemic structure of the
word in your analysis. Draw two tree diagrams to show the difference between the two
structures. Label the nodes in the tree diagram with proper categories.
三、简答题
18 How do you understand "performative" and "constative"?
19 How do you distinguish "error" from "mistake"?
20 What is a social dialect?
四、分析题
21 Syntactic analysis.
The following are two declarative-question pairs, as given in(la, lb)and(2a, 2b).
(1a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.
(1b)Was the boy who is sleeping dreaming?
(2a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.
(2b)* Is the boy who sleeping was dreaming?
Draw a tree diagram for sentence(la)and sentence(lb)respectively. Then answer the
questions.
Question 1: What syntactic mechanism(s)operate(s)to derive the structure of sentence
(lb)from the structure of sentence(la)?
Question 2: Why sentence(2b)is ungrammatical?
答案见麦多课文库
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