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2024年4月12日发(作者：技能培训班)

The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a postulated "organ" of the brain

that is supposed to function as a congenital device for learning symbolic language

(i.e.,language acquisition). First proposed by Noam Chomsky, the LAD concept is

an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce

language. It is component of the nativist theory of language. This theory asserts

that humans are born with the instinct or "innate facility" for acquiring language.

Chomsky has gradually abandoned the LAD in favour of a parameter-setting

model of language acquisition (principles and parameters).

Chomsky motivated the LAD hypothesis by what he perceived as intractable

complexity of language acquisition, citing the notion of "infinite use of finite

means" proposed byWilhelm von Humboldt. At the time it was conceived

(1957–1965), the LAD concept was in strict contrast to B.F. Skinner's behavioral

psychology which emphasized principles of learning theory such as classical and

operant conditioning and imitation over biological predisposition. The

interactionist theory of Jerome Bruner and Jean Piagetlater emphasized the

importance of the interaction between biological and social (nature and nurture)

aspects of language acquisition.

Differing from the behaviorists who emphasize the importance of social

interactions in language acquisition, Chomsky (1965) set out an innate language

schema which provides the basis for the child’s acquisition of a language. The

acquisition process takes place in an infants mind because of this mental organ

which enables him/her to speak despite the limited nature of the Primary

Linguistic Data (PLD, the input signals received) and the degenerate nature

(frequent incorrect usage, utterances of partial sentences) of that data. Given this

poverty of the stimulus, a language acquisition model requires a number of

components. Firstly, the child must have a technique for representing input signals

and, secondly, a way of representing structural information about them. Thirdly,

there must be some initial delimitation of the class of possible language structure

hypotheses. Fourthly, the child requires a method for determining what each of

these hypotheses implies with respect to each sentence. Finally, an additional

method is needed by which the child can select which hypothesis is compatible

with the PLD.

Equipped with this endowment, first language learning is explained as

performed by a Language Acquisition Device progressing through the following

stages:

The device searches the class of language structure hypotheses and selects

those compatible with input signals and structural information drawn from the

PLD.

The device then tests the compatibility using the knowledge of implications

of each hypothesis for the sentences.

One hypothesis or ‘grammar’ is selected as being compatible with the

PLD.

This grammar provides the device with a method of interpreting sentences


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