语言学试卷

语言学试卷(期中及南师大)(总

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语言学期中测试

班级: 姓名： 学号:

I: Multiple Choice

第一章 语言与语言学

1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of ___.

A. A particular language

particular language

C. Human languages in general D. The English language

B. The system of a

William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet said "What's in a name That

which we

call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." This illustrates ___.

A. the arbitrary nature of language

B. the big difference between human language and animal communication

C. the creative nature of language

D. the universality of language

3. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language

A. Productive.

B. Dual. C. Symbolic

D. Arbitrary

4. Who put forward the distinction between langue and parole

A. Halliday

Hockett

B. Ferdinand de Saussure C. Noam Chomsky D. Charles

2

5. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and

produce sentences

he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ___.

A. duality

B. arbitrary C. displacement

D. Productivity

6. The ____ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing

a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging

information or ideas.

A. phatic

B. directive C. evocative

D. performative

7. Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language. Consequently, modern

linguistics emphasizes the importance of language data collected from ___.

A. newspapers and magazines

writers

C. the language people actually speak D. radio broadcasts

B. writing by the famous

8. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and

learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called ___.

A. interchangeability

transmission

C. productivity D. arbitrariness

B. cultural

a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is

said to be ___.

3

A. Descriptive

B. linguistic C. prescriptive

D. analytic linguistic

10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Language is a system.

language.

C. Language is symbolic. D. Language is arbitrary.

B. Animals also have

11. According to Noam Chomsky, which of the following is seen as the ideal

user’s internalized knowledge of his language?

A. Competence.

B. Parole. C. Performance

D. Langue

12. Our linguistic ability is a ___ gift of the species' gene program.

A. biological

chemical

13. The description of a language at some point in time is a ___ study.

A. diachronic

synchronic

14. One of the properties of language is that there is no logical connection

between meaning and sounds. This property of language is ___.

B. prescriptive C. descriptive D.

B. physical C. scientific D.

4

A. duality

B. productivity C. displacement

D. arbitrariness

15. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate

situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by ___.

A. duality

B. productivity

C. displacement

D. arbitrariness

16. Cultural transmission is one of the ____features of language.

A. suprasegmental B. pragmatic C. distinctive D. design

17. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people

actually use, and not lay down rules for "correct " linguistic behavior, it is said to

be ___.

A. descriptive

B. sociolinguistic C. prescriptive

D. psycholinguistic

18. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of

language

A. Native English words B. Borrowed words

One-syllable words

19. Saussure took a(n) ____ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language

from a ___ point of view.

A. sociological, psychological

sociological

B. psychological,

C. Onomatopoeic words D.

5

C. Applied, pragmatic

linguistic

D. Semantic,

20. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___.

A. primary

B. correct C. secondary

D. stable

第二章 语音学与音系学

1. The tone, defined as variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone

languages such as ____.

A. Chinese B. English C. Chinese and English

D. English and French

2. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as /t/, /l/ and

/z/ can be labeled as ____ ones.

A. dental

B. bilabial C. velar

D alveolar

3. Of the following sound combinations, only ____ is permissible according to the

sequentla1 rules in English.

A. kibl

B. bkil C ilkb

D. ilbk

4. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is the most flexible.

A lip

B. mouth C. vocal cord

D. tongue

5. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.

6

A. voiceless

B. voiced C. vowel

D. consonantal

6. ____ is a voiced alveolar stop.

A . /z /

B. /d / C. /k/

D. /b/

7. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature

of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____.

A. identical

D. same

B. similar C. exactly alike

8. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and

they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____.

A. in phonemic contrast

distribution

C. the allophones

9. The sound /f/ is a ____.

A. voiced palatal affricate

C. voiceless velar fricative

fricative

l0. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue

maintaining the highest position.

A. back

B. central C. front

B. voiced alveolar stop

D. voiceless labiodentals

D. minimal pair

B. in complementary

D. middle

7

11. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more

phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the

segments are called ____.

A. suprasegmental features

constituents

C. phonetic components D. semantic features

B. immediate

12. A(n)____is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection

of distinctive phonetic features.

A. phone

B. sound C. allophone

D. phoneme

13. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic

environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.

A. phones

B. sounds C. phonemes

D. allophones

14. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct

A. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme.

B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.

C. Allophones distinguish meaning·

D. Allophones are language specific.

15. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than

to the word, they are collectively known as ____.

8

A. intonation

B. tone C. phoneme

D. sentence stress

16. Which of the following is also called "semivowels

A. fricatives

D. glides

B. liquids C. affricates

17. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants /f/, /v/ are ____.

A. denta1

B. alveolar C. palatal

D. labiodental

18. In terms of manners of articulation, the sounds /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/, /k/,/g/ are

____.

A. bilabial

fricatives

19. What is your understanding of "the Adam’s apple”

A. Part of Adam’s body.

larynx.

C. The top of larynx. D. A kind of apple.

B. The front part of

B. stops C. affricates D.

20. Which of the following is NOT a velar sound?

A. /k/

D./g/

B. /ŋ/ C. /v/

第三 章 形态学

1. ____ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.

9

A. Derivation

B. Blending C. Abbreviation

D. Compounding

2. Words such as "telex " and "workfare "are created through ____.

A. blending

D. affixation

B. compounding C. conversion

3. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word

“internationalism” should be referred to as a ____.

A. root

B. stem C. prefix

D. suffix

4. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only

A. Happiness.

Teacher.

5. Which of the following words is a derivative

A. Able.

B. Pet. C. Dusty.

B. Television. C. Ecology. D.

D. Change.

6. How many morphemes are there in the word “disarmed”

A. 2.

D. 5

B. 3. C. 4

7. When "-ing" in "gangling" is removed to get a verb "gangle", we call this way

of creating words ____.

A. suffixing

acronymy

B. compounding C. back-formation D.

10

8. The phoneme "vision" in the common word “television” is a(n) ____.

A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional

morpheme D. free morpheme

9. As is known ____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of

language.

A. words

B. sentences C. phonemes

D. morphemes

10. “-s” in the word "books" is ____.

A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root

11. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____.

A. lexical

B. morphemic C. grammatical

D. semantic

12. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This

indicates that the

meaning of a compound____.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes

C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase

D. none of the above

13. Bound morphemes are those that ____.

A. have to be used independently

with other morphemes

B. cannot be combined

11

C. have to be combined with other morphemes D. can either be free or bound

14. As one of the affixes, a prefix is ____.

A. below the stem

C. before the stem

stem

15. ____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words

and the rules by which words are formed.

A. syntax

B. grammar C. morphology

B. after the stem

D. in the middle of the

D. morpheme

16. Which one of the following is NOT a suffix for adjectives

A. -ous .

B. -ness C. -al

17. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of

speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes

B. Suffixes C. Roots

D. Affixes

18. The stem of the word “disengagements” is ____.

A. engagement

B. disengage C. engage

D. disengagement

19. Which of the following words is a derivational one?

A. Cocktail

D. Kids

B. Reads C. Establishment

20. ____ and ____ can constitute a compound.

12

A. A stem, an affix B. A free morpheme; a free morpheme

C. A root, an affix

II: Define the following terms

2. parole

3. competence

4. performance

5. synchronic study

6. diachronic study

7. IPA

8. phonetics 22

9. narrow transcription

10. phonology

11. phoneme

12. phone

13. allophone

14. assimilation rules

D. A prefix, a suffix

13

15. suprasegmental features

16. morpheme

17. morph

18. allomorph

19. free morpheme

20. bound morpheme

21. inflectional morpheme

22. derivational morpheme

23 compounding

24. conversion

25. derivation

14

语言学期中测试

班级: 姓名： 学号:

I: Multiple Choice

第一章 语言与语言学

1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of ___.

A. A particular language

particular language

C. Human languages in general D. The English language

B. The system of a

William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet said "What's in a name That

which we

call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." This illustrates ___.

A. the arbitrary nature of language

B. the big difference between human language and animal communication

C. the creative nature of language

D. the universality of language

3. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language

A. Productive.

B. Dual. C. Symbolic

D. Arbitrary

4. Who put forward the distinction between langue and parole

A. Halliday

Hockett

B. Ferdinand de Saussure C. Noam Chomsky D. Charles

15

5. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and

produce sentences

he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ___.

A. duality

B. arbitrary C. displacement

D. Productivity

6. The ____ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing

a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging

information or ideas.

A. phatic

B. directive C. evocative

D. performative

7. Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language. Consequently, modern

linguistics emphasizes the importance of language data collected from ___.

A. newspapers and magazines

writers

C. the language people actually speak D. radio broadcasts

B. writing by the famous

8. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and

learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called ___.

A. interchangeability

transmission

C. productivity D. arbitrariness

B. cultural

a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is

said to be ___.

16

A. Descriptive

B. linguistic C. prescriptive

D. analytic linguistic

10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Language is a system.

language.

C. Language is symbolic. D. Language is arbitrary.

B. Animals also have

11. According to Noam Chomsky, which of the following is seen as the ideal

user’s internalized knowledge of his language?

A. Competence.

B. Parole. C. Performance

D. Langue

12. Our linguistic ability is a ___ gift of the species' gene program.

A. biological

chemical

13. The description of a language at some point in time is a ___ study.

A. diachronic

synchronic

14. One of the properties of language is that there is no logical connection

between meaning and sounds. This property of language is ___.

B. prescriptive C. descriptive D.

B. physical C. scientific D.

17