机械专业英语和翻译

机械专业英语词汇

金属切削 metal cutting

机床 machine tool

金属工艺学 technology of metals

刀具 cutter

摩擦 friction

联结 link

传动 drive/transmission

轴 shaft

弹性 elasticity

频率特性 frequency characteristic

误差 error

响应 response

定位 allocation

机床夹具 jig

动力学 dynamic

运动学 kinematic

静力学 static

分析力学 analyse mechanics

拉伸 pulling

压缩 hitting

剪切 shear

扭转 twist

弯曲应力 bending stress

强度 intensity

三相交流电 three-phase AC

磁路 magnetic circles

变压器 transformer

异步电动机 asynchronous motor

几何形状 geometrical

精度 precision

正弦形的 sinusoid

交流电路 AC circuit

机械加工余量 machining allowance

变形力 deforming force

变形 deformation

应力 stress

硬度 rigidity

热处理 heat treatment

退火 anneal

正火 normalizing

脱碳 decarburization

渗碳 carburization

电路 circuit

半导体元件 semiconductor element

反馈 feedback

发生器 generator

直流电源 DC electrical source

门电路 gate circuit

逻辑代数 logic algebra

外圆磨削 external grinding

内圆磨削 internal grinding

平面磨削 plane grinding

变速箱 gearbox

离合器 clutch

绞孔 fraising

绞刀 reamer

螺纹加工 thread processing

螺钉 screw

铣削 mill

铣刀 milling cutter

功率 power

工件 workpiece

齿轮加工 gear mechining

齿轮 gear

主运动 main movement

主运动方向 direction of main movement

进给方向 direction of feed

进给运动 feed movement

合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed

合成切削运动 resultant movement of

cutting

合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant

movement of cutting

切削深度 cutting depth

前刀面 rake face

刀尖 nose of tool

前角 rake angle

后角 clearance angle

龙门刨削 planing

主轴 spindle

主轴箱 headstock

卡盘 chuck

2

加工中心 machining center

车刀 lathe tool

车床 lathe

钻削 镗削 bore

车削 turning

磨床 grinder

基准 benchmark

钳工 locksmith

锻 forge

压模 stamping

焊 weld

拉床 broaching machine

拉孔 broaching

装配 assembling

铸造 found

流体动力学 fluid dynamics

流体力学 fluid mechanics

加工 machining

液压 hydraulic pressure

切线 tangent

机电一体化 mechanotronics

mechanical-electrical integration

气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure

稳定性 stability

介质 medium

液压驱动泵 fluid clutch

液压泵 hydraulic pump

阀门 valve

失效 invalidation

强度 intensity

载荷 load

应力 stress

安全系数 safty factor

可靠性 reliability

螺纹 thread

螺旋 helix

键 spline

销 pin

滚动轴承 rolling bearing

滑动轴承 sliding bearing

弹簧 spring

制动器 arrester brake

十字结联轴节 crosshead

联轴器 coupling

链 chain

皮带 strap

精加工 finish machining

粗加工 rough machining

变速箱体 gearbox casing

腐蚀 rust

氧化 oxidation

磨损 wear

耐用度 durability

随机信号 random signal

离散信号 discrete signal

超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor

集成电路 integrate circuit

挡板 orifice plate

残余应力 residual stress

套筒 sleeve

扭力 torsion

冷加工 cold machining

电动机 electromotor

汽缸 cylinder

过盈配合 interference fit

热加工 hotwork

摄像头 CCD camera

倒角 rounding chamfer

优化设计 optimal design

工业造型设计 industrial moulding design

有限元 finite element

滚齿 hobbing

插齿 gear shaping

伺服电机 actuating motor

铣床 milling machine

钻床 drill machine

镗床 boring machine

步进电机 stepper motor

丝杠 screw rod

导轨 lead rail

组件 subassembly

可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable

Logic Controller PLC

电火花加工 electric spark machining

电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge

wire - cutting

相图 phase diagram

热处理 heat treatment

固态相变 solid state phase changes

有色金属 nonferrous metal

3

陶瓷 ceramics

合成纤维 synthetic fibre

电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion

车架 automotive chassis

悬架 suspension

转向器 redirector

变速器 speed changer

板料冲压 sheet metal parts

孔加工 spot facing machining

车间 workshop

工程技术人员 engineer

气动夹紧 pneuma lock

数学模型 mathematical model

画法几何 descriptive geometry

机械制图 Mechanical drawing

投影 projection

视图 view

剖视图 profile chart

标准件 standard component

零件图 part drawing

装配图 assembly drawing

尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements

刚度 rigidity

内力 internal force

位移 displacement

截面 section

疲劳极限 fatigue limit

断裂 fracture

塑性变形 plastic distortion

脆性材料 brittleness material

刚度准则 rigidity criterion

垫圈 washer

垫片 spacer

直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear

斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear

直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear

运动简图 kinematic sketch

齿轮齿条 pinion and rack

蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear

虚约束 passive constraint

曲柄 crank

摇杆 racker

凸轮 cams

共轭曲线 conjugate curve

范成法 generation method

定义域 definitional domain

值域 range

导数微分 differential coefficient

求导 derivation

定积分 definite integral

不定积分 indefinite integral

曲率 curvature

偏微分 partial differential

毛坯 rough

游标卡尺 slide caliper

千分尺 micrometer calipers

攻丝 tap

二阶行列式 second order determinant

逆矩阵 inverse matrix

线性方程组 linear equations

概率 probability

随机变量 random variable

排列组合 permutation and combination

气体状态方程 equation of state of gas

动能 kinetic energy

势能 potential energy

机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical

energy

动量 momentum

桁架 truss

轴线 axes

余子式 cofactor

逻辑电路 logic circuit

触发器 flip-flop

脉冲波形 pulse shape

数模 digital analogy

液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism

机械零件 mechanical parts

淬火冷却 quench

淬火 hardening

回火 tempering

调质 hardening and tempering

磨粒 abrasive grain

结合剂 bonding agent

砂轮 grinding wheel

机械零件 mechanical parts

淬火冷却 quench

淬火 hardening

回火 tempering

4

调质 hardening and tempering

磨粒 abrasive grain

结合剂 bonding agent

砂轮 grinding wheel

机床行业部分英汉对照

（1)：按英文字母排序

3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头

加工中心机刀库

Aluminum continuous melting & holding fu

rnaces 连续溶解保温炉

Balancing equipment 平衡设备

Bayonet 卡口

Bearing fittings 轴承配件

Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机

Bearings 轴承

Belt drive 带传动

Bending machines 弯曲机

Blades 刀片

Blades,saw 锯片

Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝

Boring heads 搪孔头

Boring machines 镗床

Cable making tools 造线机

Casting,aluminium 铸铝

Casting,copper 铸铜

Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁

Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁

Casting,other 其他铸造

Casting,steel 铸钢

Chain drive 链传动

Chain making tools 造链机

Chamfer machines 倒角机

Chucks 夹盘

Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统

CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机

CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床 CNC

drilling machines 电脑数控钻床

CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控

电火花线切削机

CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控

电火花机

CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机

CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床

CNC lathes 电脑数控车床

CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配

件

CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床 CNC

shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机

CNC toolings CNC 刀杆

CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切

削机

Conveying chains 输送链

Coolers 冷却机

Coupling 联轴器

Crimping tools 卷边工具

Cutters 刀具

Cutting-off machines 切断机

Diamond cutters 钻石刀具

Dicing saws 晶圆切割机

Die casting dies 压铸冲模

Die casting machines 压铸机

Dies-progressive 连续冲模

Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头

Drawing machines 拔丝机

Drilling machines 钻床

Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling

machines,high-speed 高速钻床

Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床

Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床

Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床

drills 钻头

Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机

Electric power tools 电动刀具

Engraving machines 雕刻机

Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etchin

g machines 蚀刻机

Finishing machines 修整机

Fixture 夹具

Forging dies 锻模

Forging,aluminium 锻铝

Forging,cold 冷锻

Forging,copper 铜锻

Forging,other 其他锻造

Forging,steel 钢锻

Foundry equipment 铸造设备

Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机

5

Gears 齿轮

Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinde

r bench 磨床工作台

Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床

Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床

Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机

Grinding machines 磨床

Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床

Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床

Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床

Grinding tools 磨削工具

Grinding wheels 磨轮

Hand tools 手工具

Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making

plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组

Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉

Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉

Honing machines 搪磨机

Hydraulic components 液压元件

Hydraulic power tools 液压工具

Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件 Hydra

ulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸

Jigs 钻模

Lapping machines 精研机

Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机

Laser cutting 激光切割

Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切

割机

Lathe bench 车床工作台

Lathes,automatic 自动车床

Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床

Lathes,high-speed 高速车床

Lathes,turret 六角车床

Lathes,vertical 立式车床

Lubricants 润滑液

Lubrication Systems 润滑系统

Lubricators 注油机

Machining centers,general 通用加工中心

Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心

Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧

式及立式加工中心

Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心

Machining centers,vertical double-column ty

pe 立式双柱加工中心

Magnetic tools 磁性工具

Manifolds 集合管

Milling heads 铣头

Milling machines 铣床

Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床

Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床

Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床 Millin

g machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床

Milling machines,universal 万能铣床

Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床

Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式

及卧式铣床

Mold & die components 模具单元

Mold changing systems 换模系统

Mold core 模芯

Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器

Mold polishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹

Mold repair 模具维修

Molds 模具

Nail making machines 造钉机

Oil coolers 油冷却器

Overflow cutting machines for aluminium w

heels 铝轮冒口切断机

P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making

plant P型PVC 高分子防水

PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压

冲孔脱料系统

Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机

Planing machines 刨床

Planing machines vertical 立式刨床

Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳

Pneumatic power tools 气动工具

Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末

冶金成型机

Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机

presses,crank 曲柄压力机

Presses,eccentric 离心压力机

Presses,forging 锻压机

Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床

Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机

Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床

Presses,servo 伺服冲床

Presses,transfer 自动压力机

Pressing dies 压模

Punch formers 冲子研磨器

Quick die change systems 速换模系统

6

Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统

Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉

Rollers 滚筒

Rolling machines 辗压机

Rotary tables 转台

Sawing machines 锯床

Sawing machines,band 带锯床

Saws,band 带锯

Saws,hack 弓锯

Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯

Saws,vertical band 立式带锯

shafts 轴

Shapers 牛头刨床

Shearing machines 剪切机

Sheet metal forming machines 金属板成型

机

Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工

机

Slotting machines 插床

spindles 主轴

Stamping parts 冲压机

Straightening machines 矫直机

Switches & buttons 开关及按钮

Tapping machines 攻螺丝机

Transmitted chains 传动链

Tube bending machines 弯管机

Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式

油压拉床

Vises 虎钳

Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳

Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器

Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机

Wrenches 扳手

螺丝词汇的中英文对照

六角盖头螺帽 HEX CAP NUTS

六角锯齿螺帽 HEX SERRATED NUTS

六角轮缘螺帽 HEX FLANGE NUTS 高脚

螺帽 HEX COUPLING NUTS(HIGH NUT

S)

圆螺帽 ROUND NUTS

四角螺帽 SQUARE NUTS

7

HEAVY HEX NUTS

不锈钢六角螺帽 STAINLESS STEEL HEX

NUTS

不锈钢尼龙嵌入螺帽 STAINLESS STEEL

NYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS

普通六角螺帽 HEX NUTS

六角重型螺帽 HEAVY HEX NUTS

薄型螺帽 HEX JAM NUTS

尼龙嵌入防松螺帽 NYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS

机械螺丝用六角螺帽 HEX MACHINE SCREW NUT

机械工具英语

机械工具 spanner 扳子 (美作:wrench) doub

le-ended spanner 双头扳子

adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 活扳

子,活络扳手

box spanner 管钳子 (美作:socket wrench) c

alipers 卡规

pincers, tongs 夹钳 shears 剪子 hacksa

w 钢锯

wire cutters 剪线钳 multipurpose pliers,

universal pliers 万能手钳

adjustable pliers 可调手钳 punch 冲子

drill 钻 chuck 卡盘

scraper 三角刮刀 reamer 扩孔钻 calliper

gauge 孔径规

rivet 铆钉 nut 螺母 locknut 自锁螺母,

防松螺母 bolt 螺栓

pin, peg, dowel 销钉 washer 垫圈 stapl

e U形钉

oil can 油壶 jack 工作服 grease gun 注

油枪

机械加工 抛光 polishing 安装 to assem

ble 衬套 bushing

外贸常用机械英语大全

Assembly line 组装线

Layout 布置图

Conveyer 流水线物料板

Rivet table 拉钉机

Rivet gun 拉钉枪

Screw driver 起子

Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子

worktable 工作桌

OOBA 开箱检查

fit together 组装在一起

fasten 锁紧(螺丝)

fixture 夹具(治具)

pallet 栈板

barcode 条码

barcode scanner 条码扫描器

fuse together 熔合

fuse machine热熔机

8

repair修理

operator作业员

QC 品管

supervisor 课长

ME 制造工程师

MT 制造生技

cosmetic inspect 外观检查

inner parts inspect 内部检查

thumb screw 大头螺丝

lbs. inch 镑、英寸

EMI gasket 导电条

front plate 前板

rear plate 后板

chassis 基座

bezel panel 面板

power button 电源按键

reset button 重置键

Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试

Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键

sheet metal parts 冲件

plastic parts 塑胶件

SOP 制造作业程序

material check list 物料检查表

work cell 工作间

trolley 台车

carton 纸箱

sub-line 支线

left fork 叉车

personnel resource department 人力资源部

production department生产部门

planning department企划部

QC Section 品管科

stamping factory冲压厂

painting factory烤漆厂

molding factory成型厂

common equipment常用设备

uncoiler and straightener整平机

punching machine 冲床

robot机械手

hydraulic machine油压机

lathe车床

planer |plein|刨床

miller 铣床

grinder磨床

linear cutting线切割

electrical sparkle电火花

welder电焊机

staker=reviting machine铆合机

position 职务

president董事长

general manager总经理

special assistant manager特助

factory director厂长

department director部长

deputy manager | =vice manager 副理 sectio

n supervisor课长

deputy section supervisor =vice section supe

risor副课长

group leader/supervisor组长

line supervisor线长

assistant manager助理

to move, to carry, to handle搬运

be put in storage入库

pack packing包装

to apply oil 擦油

to file burr 锉毛刺

final inspection终检

to connect material接料

to reverse material 翻料

wet station沾湿台

Tiana天那水

cleaning cloth抹布

to load material上料

to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料

scraped |'skr?pid|报废

scrape ..v.刮;削

deficient purchase来料不良

manufacture procedure制程

deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良

oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化

scratch刮伤

dents压痕

defective upsiding down抽芽不良

defective to staking铆合不良

embedded lump镶块

feeding is not in place送料不到位

stamping-missing漏冲

production capacity生产力

education and training教育与训练

9

proposal improvement提案改善

spare parts=buffer备件

forklift叉车

trailer=long vehicle拖板车

外贸常用机械英语大全(续)

compound die合模

die locker锁模器

pressure plate=plate pinch压板

bolt 螺栓

administration/general affairs dept总务部

automatic screwdriver电动启子

thickness gauge厚薄规

gauge(or jig)治具

power wire电源线

buzzle蜂鸣器

defective product label不良标签

identifying sheet list 标示单

location地点

present members出席人员

subject主题

conclusion结论

decision items决议事项

responsible department负责单位

pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日

approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/

审核/承办

PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE

组装厂生产排配表

model 机锺

work order工令

revision版次

remark备注

production control confirmation生产确认

checked by初审

approved by核准

department部门

stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表

on-hand inventory现有库存

available material良品可使用

obsolete material良品已呆滞

to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工

total 合计

cause description原因说明

part number/ P/N 料号

type形态

item/group/class类别

quality品质

prepared by制表

notes说明

year-end physical inventory difference analysis

sheet 年终盘点差异分析表

physical inventory盘点数量

physical count quantity帐面数量

difference quantity差异量

cause analysis原因分析

raw materials原料

materials物料

finished product成品

semi-finished product半成品

packing materials包材

good product/accepted goods/ accepted

parts/good parts良品

defective product/non-good parts不良品

disposed goods 处理品

warehouse/hub仓库

on way location在途仓

oversea location海外仓

spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清

单

spare molds location模具备品仓

skid/pallet 栈板

tox machine自铆机

wire EDM线割

EDM放电机

coil stock卷料

sheet stock片料

tolerance工差

score=groove压线

cam block滑块

pilot 导正筒

trim 剪外边

pierce剪内边

drag form压锻差

pocket for the punch head挂钩槽

slug hole 废料孔

10

feature die公母模

expansion dwg展开图

radius半径

shim(wedge)楔子

torch-flame cut火焰切割

set screw止付螺丝

form block折刀

stop pin 定位销

round pierce punch=die button圆冲子

shape punch=die insert异形子

stock locater block定位块

under cut=scrap chopper清角

active plate活动板

baffle plate挡块

cover plate盖板

male die公模

female die母模

groove punch压线冲子

air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆

spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板

bushing block 衬套

insert 入块

club car高尔夫球车

capability能力

parameter参数

factor系数

phosphate皮膜化成

viscosity涂料粘度

alkalidipping脱脂

main manifold主集流脉

bezel斜视规

blanking穿落模

dejecting顶固模

demagnetization去磁;消磁

high-speed transmission高速传递

heat dissipation热传 rack上料

degrease脱脂

rinse水洗

alkaline etch龄咬

desmut 剥黑膜

D.I. rinse纯水次

Chromate铬酸处理

Anodize阳性处理

seal封孔

revision版次

part number/P/N料号

good products良品

scraped products报放心品

defective products不良品

finished products成品

disposed products处理品

barcode条码

flow chart流程表单

assembly组装

stamping冲压

molding成型

spare parts=buffer备品

coordinate座标

dismantle the die折模

auxiliary fuction辅助功能

poly-line多义线

heater band 加热片

thermocouple热电偶

sand blasting喷沙

grit 砂砾

derusting machine除锈机

degate打浇口

dryer烘干机

induction 感应

induction light 感应光

response=reaction=interaction感应

ram连杆

edge finder巡边器

concave凸

convex 凹

short 射料不足

nick缺口

speck瑕??

shine亮班

splay 银纹

gas mark焦痕

delamination起鳞

cold slug冷块

blush 导色

gouge沟槽;凿槽

satin texture段面咬花

witness line证示线

patent专利

grit 沙砾

granule=peuet=grain细粒

11

grit maker抽粒机

cushion缓冲

magnalium 镁铝合金

magnesium镁金

metal plate钣金

lathe车

mill 锉

plane刨

grind磨

drill 铝

boring镗

blinster 气泡

fillet 镶;嵌边

through-hole form通孔形式

voller pin formality滚针形式

cam driver铡楔

shank摸柄

crank shaft曲柄轴

augular offset角度偏差

velocity速度

production tempo生产进度现状

torque扭矩

spline=the multiple keys 花键

quenching淬火

tempering回火

annealing退火

carbonization碳化

tungsten high speed steel钨高速的

moly high speed steel钼高速的

organic solvent有机溶剂

bracket小磁导

liaison 联络单

volatile 挥发性

resistance电阻

ion 离子

titrator滴定仪

beacon警示灯

coolant冷却液

crusher破碎机

机械类常用英语：生产类

PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)

PRS Pairs 双(对等)

CTN Carton 卡通箱

PAL Pallet/skid 栈板

PO Purchasing Order 采购订单

MO Manufacture Order 生产单

D/C Date Code 生产日期码

ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码

SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求

L/N Lot Number 批号

P/N Part Number 料号

阀门种类英汉术语对照

Air valves 空气阀门

Angle Stop valves 角式截止阀

Angle Throttle Valves 角式节流阀

Angle Type Globe Valves 门角式截止阀

Ash valves 排灰阀

Aspirating valves 吸（抽）气阀

Auxiliary valves 辅助（副）阀

Balance valves 平衡阀

Bellows valves 波纹管阀

Blowdown valves 泄料（放空，排污）阀

Brake valves 制动阀

Butterfly Type Non-slam Check 蝶式缓

冲止回阀

Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator 蜗

轮传动蝶阀

Buttwelding valves 对焊连接阀

Clamp valves 对夹式阀门

Cock 二通

Combination valves 组合阀

CQ Thread Ball Valves CQ螺纹球阀

Culvert valves 地下管道阀

Deceleration valves 减速阀

Diaphragm Valves 隔膜阀

Decompression valves 泄压阀

Double Disc Flat Gate Valves 双闸板平

板闸阀

Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves明杆平

行式双闸板闸板

Double Opening Exhaust Valves 双口排

气球

12

Drainage valves 排水阀

Electric Actuated Stop Valves 电动截止

阀

Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves 电

动楔式闸阀

Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valve

s 电动平行式双闸板闸板

Emergeny Cut-off Valves 紧急切断阀

Exhaust valves 排气阀

Free Float Type Steam Trap 浮球式疏水

阀

Flange Ball Valves 法兰球阀

Flange Gate Valves 法兰闸阀

Flange Globe Valves 法兰截止阀

Gauge Valves 仪表阀

Hand-operated valves 手动阀

Hard Seal Butterfly Valves 金属密封碟

阀

High Temperature Pressure Power Statio

n Gate Valves 高温高压电站闸阀

High Temperature Pressure Power Statio

n Globe Valves 高温高压电站截止阀

Hydraulic relay valves 液压继动阀

Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀

Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀

Limit valves 限位阀

Lining Ball Valves 衬里球阀

Lining Butterfly Valves 衬里碟阀

Lining Check Valves 衬里止回阀

Lining Cock 衬里二通

Lining Globe Valves 衬里截止阀

Lining T-Cock Valves 衬里三通旋塞阀

Liquid Indicator 液位计

LPG Pipe Fitting 液化气管件

Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves 磁耦

合截止阀

Magnetism Forle Pumps 磁力泵

Manual Oil Pumps Valves 手摇油泵(阀)

Meter Needle Type Globe Valves 仪表

针形截止阀

Oblique Stop Valves 直流式截止阀

Parallel Slide Valves 浆液阀

Pintle valve 针形阀

Piping Centrifugal Pumps 管道离心泵

Plunger valves 柱塞阀

Pressure valve 压力（増压）阀

Piping Pumps 管道泵

Piping Safety Valves 管道安全阀

Plunger Globe Valves 柱塞截止阀

Quick Draining Valves 快速排污阀

Restrictor Valves 过流阀(或节流阀)

Safety Valves 安全阀

Screw Pumps 螺杆泵

Scum Gate Valves 排渣闸阀

Solenoid valves 电磁阀

Single Disc Flat Gate Valves 单闸板平板

闸阀

Single Opening Exhaust Valves 单口排气

球

Slurry Pumps 泥浆泵

Stop Valves 截止阀

Strainer 过滤器

Submerged Motor Pumps 潜水电泵(排污

泵)

Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀

Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀

Tank Lorry Ball Valves 槽车球阀

T-Cock 三通

Thin Gate Valves 薄型闸阀

Throttle Valves 节流阀

Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves 微阻

缓闭止回阀

Triple (tee) valves 三通阀

Two-way valves 二通阀

Under Water Pumps 液下泵

Vacuum Pumps 水力喷射器(真空泵)

Vertical Lift Check Valves 立式止回阀

Wafer Check Valves 对夹式止回阀

Wafer plate valves 对夹蝶板阀

Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber

Itning对夹式衬胶蝶阀

Waste Valves 排污箱(阀)

Water Seal Gate Valves 水封闸阀

Wedge Gate Valves 楔式闸阀

Y Type and Cylinder Filters Y型筒型过滤

器

阀门零部件英汉术语对照

Axis Guide 轴套

Ball 球、球芯

13

Ball seat 密封圈

Blowdown Sealing Face 启、阀件密封面

Body 阀体

Bonnet 阀盖

Disc 阀瓣

Mut 螺母

Screw 螺栓

Sealing 密封件

Spring 弹簧

Stem 阀杆

Stem Mut 阀杆螺母

Stem seal 填料

Wedge Disc 闸板

阀门规范技术英语术语对照

Applicable medium 适用介质

Applicable temperature 适用温度

Butt Clamp 对夹

Chemical analysis 化学成份

Connecting format 连接形式

Double disc 双闸板

Flexible disc 弹性闸板

Flange 法兰 Hoop 卡箍

Inside thread 内螺纹

Jacket 夹套

Mains 电源

Material chemical analysis and mechanical

capacity材料化学成份和机械性能

materials 材料 Materials for main parts

主要零件材料

Mechanical capacity 机械性能

Max. Discharging Capacity 最大排水量

Max. Operating Temperature 最高工作温

度

Max. Allowable Temperature 最高允许温

度

Max. Allowable Pressure 最高允许压力

Model 型号

Name of parts 零件名称

nitrogen (N) 氮

Nominal bore 公称通径

Nominal Pressure 公称压力

Nozzle 排气口

Outside thread 外螺纹

Oxidant 氧化性介质

Parallel 平行

Piping 管路

Piston 活塞

Reductant 还原性介质

Rising stem 明杆

Seal 阀座，密封面

Seat testing pressure 压力气密封试验压

力

Socket 卡套

Specifications 性能规范

Single disc 单闸板

Solid 刚性

Strengh testing pressure 强度试验压力

Steam , condensate 蒸汽,凝结水

Stroke 冲程，行程

Water,oil,steam 水,温度,气

Wedge 楔式 Welding 焊接

阀门材质术语英汉对照

Atbas metal 镍铬钢

Buna-N rubber 丁晴橡胶

Casting aluminium brass 铸铝黄铜

Casting aluminium bronze 铸铝青铜

Ceramic metal 陶瓷金属

Chromel alloy 镍铬合金

CHR rubber 氯晴橡胶

Chrominm-molybdenum-vanadium steel

铬钼钒钢

Chromium stainless steel 铬不锈钢

Chromium-molybdenum steel 铬钼钢

Corrugation pad 波形垫

Cuprum alloy 铜合金

Ductile Cast iron 球墨铸铁

Expanded graphite 柔性石墨

Fine Steel Casting iron 优质碳素钢

Fluorous rubber 氟橡胶

Gray Cast iron 灰铸铁

Hayne's alloy 钴铬钨合金

High tem perature steel 高温钢

Monel 蒙乃尔合金

Low temperature steel 低温钢

Nylon 尼龙塑料

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTEF) 聚四氟乙

烯

Polythene 聚乙烯

Pure aluminium 纯铝

Pure cupper 纯铜

14

Rubber graphite board 橡胶石墨板

Spring steel 弹簧钢

Stainless acid-resisting steel 不锈耐酸钢

Stainless and Graphite 不锈钢/石墨

Stainless steel 不锈钢

Steel Casting iron 碳素钢铸件

Shell Test Pressure 壳体试验压力

Service Fluid 工作介质

机械类常用英语：钢材类

alloy tool steel 合金工具钢 aluminium allo

y 铝合金钢

bearing alloy 轴承合金 blister steel 浸碳钢

bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板 carbon

tool steel 碳素工具钢

clad sheet 被覆板 clod work die steel 冷锻

模用钢

emery 金钢砂 ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静

压力

forging die steel 锻造模用钢 galvanized ste

el sheet 镀锌铁板

hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢 high speed too

l steel 高速度工具钢

hot work die steel 热锻模用钢 low alloy to

ol steel 特殊工具钢

low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢 marg

ing steel 马式体高强度热处理钢

martrix alloy 马特里斯合金 meehanite cast

iron 米汉纳铸钢

meehanite metal 米汉纳铁 merchant iron 市

售钢材

molybdenum high speed steel 钼系高速钢

molybdenum steel 钼钢

nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢 prehardened

steel 顶硬钢

silicon steel sheet 矽钢板 stainless steel 不

锈钢

tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板 tough pitch

copper 韧铜

troostite 吐粒散铁 tungsten steel ?钢

vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑胶覆面钢板

塑件模具相关英文

compre sion molding压缩成型

flash mold 溢流式模具

plsitive mold 挤压式模具

split mold 分割式模具

cavity型控 母模

core模心 公模

taper锥拔

leather cloak仿皮革

shiver饰纹

flow mark流痕

welding mark溶合痕

post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值

self tapping screw自攻螺丝

striper plate脱料板

piston 活塞

cylinder汽缸套

chip细碎物

handle mold手持式模具

encapsulation molding低压封装成型、射出成

型用模具

two plate两极式（模具）

well type蓄料井

insulated runner绝缘浇道方式

hot runner热浇道

runner plat浇道模块

valve gate阀门浇口

band heater环带状的电热器

spindle 阀针

spear head刨尖头

slag well冷料井

cold slag冷料渣

air vent排气道

welding line熔合痕

eject pin顶出针

knock pin顶出销

return pin回位销反顶针

sleave套筒

stripper plate脱料板

insert core放置入子

runner stripper plate浇道脱料板

15

guide pin 导销

eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧

subzero深冷处理

three plate三极式模具

runner system浇道系统

stress crack应力电裂

orientation定向

sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口

nozzle射嘴

sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)

slag well冷料井

side gate侧浇口

edge gate侧缘浇口

tab gate搭接浇口

film gate薄膜浇口

flash gate闸门浇口

slit gate 缝隙浇口

fan gate扇形浇口

dish gate因盘形浇口

diaphragm gate隔膜浇口

ring gate环形浇口

subarine gate潜入式浇口

tunnel gate隧道式浇口

pin gate针点浇口

Runner less无浇道

(sprue less)无射料管方式

long nozzle 延长喷嘴方式

sprue浇口;溶渣

机械工程专业英语翻译

第一课

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

一、专业英语概述

1. 什么是翻译：

翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。

机械工程英语翻译就是将机械工程学科的英语原著由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、通顺、完整地再现出来，使人们能够借助汉语译文准确无误地了解英语机械工程著作所阐述的工程技术内容和科学理论。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

2. 翻译例句

例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.

例2. The tolerance should not be so big.

例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel.

例4. Connect the black pigtail with the

dog-house.

例5. The importance of computer in the use of

manufacturing can not be overestimated.

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.

错误译法：控制中心，吸烟自由。

正确译法：控制中心，严禁吸烟。

例2. The tolerance should not be so big.

a. 此公差不应给这么大。（机械学）

b. 忍耐力不会有这么大。(关于人体的耐受性)

c. 抗毒性不会有这么强。（医学）

例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel.

错误译法：狗驾驶员使轮子停转。

专业译法：止动器使轮子停止旋转。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

例4. Connect the black pigtail with the dog-house.

错误译法：把黑色的猪尾巴系在狗窝上。

专业译法：将黑色的引出线接在高频高压电源屏罩上。

例5. The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated.

错误译法：计算机在制造业应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。

正确译法：计算机在制造业应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

3.专业英语与基础英语的不同：

首先，专业英语在词义上具有不同于基础英语的特点和含义。掌握专业词汇是学好专业英语

的基础，专业词汇的含义和上下文有关，因此查阅专业书籍的Index并参照课文确定词意是学习和掌握专业词汇的有效方法。

其次，英语科技文章在结构上也具有很多自身的特点，如长句多，被动语态多，大量的名词化结构等，这都给对英文原文的理解和翻译带来了基础英语中很难解决的困难。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

再者，专业英语对听说读写译的侧重点不同，其主要要求在于“读”和“译”，也就是通过大量的阅读对外文资料进行正确的理解和翻译，在读和译的基础上，对听、说、写进行必要的训练。

此外，专业外文资料由于涉及科技内容而往往极为复杂难以理解，加之这类文章的篇幅通常很长，所以只有经过一定的专业外语训练，才能完成从基础英语到专业英语的过渡，达到英语学以致用的最终目的。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

作为工程技术人员，阅读专业英语文献的目的是理解掌握文献所叙述的理论或方法，以便在科研或生产实践中实施这些理论方法，或是进一步发展改进这些理论方法。

为了达到这些目的，首先要准确地理解原文。另一方面科技文献的写作特点是严谨，简洁。在论述理论和方法时一般都只给出重要的步骤。对有关的基础知识一般不详细阐述，也不给出公式的详细推导过程。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

读者往往需要通过认真地思索才能俯所述的关键问题。因此专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读

方法也有所不同，专业英语阅读要把准确理解放在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅

读速度。和其他的英语能力一样，专业英语阅读能力，需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可能一蹴而就，多读多练是提高专业英语阅读能力的最有效的方法。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

4.学习专业英语翻译技巧与方法的主要内容：

(1.介绍和掌握单词与词组的¡°对应关系¡±

•The tube is second to none.

这个管子不亚于任何管子。（首屈一指）

•Monel metal is resistant to both fresh and salt water corrosion.

莫耐尔合金能耐淡水和盐水的腐蚀。

(2. 学习普通词汇的专业化译法，避免说“外行话”。

•Heat-treatment is used to normalize, to soften or to harden steels.

直译：热处理用来使钢正常化、软化或硬化。

正译：热处理可用来对钢正火、退火或淬火。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

(3.学习改变原文的词类和句子成分的规律，使译文通顺。

•Scientific evidence must be gathered in such a way, that other scientists can be sure of its

accuracy.

直译：科学的论证必须以这样一种方法收集，因而别的科学家能确信它的精确性。

正译：在收集科学的论证时，应能使别的科学家确信其精确性。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

(4.学习一些较为特殊的词法和句法，介绍一些值得注意的容易译错甚至完全译反的语法现象，避免一些错译。

• Everyone cannot do this test.

错译：每一个人都不能做这个实验。

正译：并非每一个人都会做这一实验。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

5. 翻译的标准

由于机械工程著作所叙述的内容涉及自然规律的技术概念，具有科学性、严密性等特点、因此，对于机械工程英语著作的翻译质量，人们普遍认为应以“准确”、“简练” “通顺”、这三个方面作为衡量标准。也就是所谓：ABC标准。准确－accuracy；简练－brevity；通顺－clarity

准确：译文要忠实于机械工程英语原著，准确、明白表达原著内容。

简练：译文语言必须力求简洁、精练。

通顺：译文必须符合汉语修辞规则和习惯。

机械工程专业英语概述 English in Mechanical Engineering

6.机械工程专业翻译应具备的能力：

作为机械工程专业领域的翻译，必须具备以下能力：

1) 具有较好的英语基础；

2) 较高的汉语修养；

3) 较为丰富的机械工程专业知识；

4) 懂得翻译的理论、技巧和方法。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一Basic Concepts in Mechanics 1

The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics

and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary

systems, i. e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change

with time.

Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e. g., from a gear to a shaft

or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a cam to

a follower.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

deal with 涉及，论及，与„„打交道

1. The physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel are dealt with in this article.

本文论及了不锈钢材料的物理化学性质。

be made up of 由„„组成 / 构成 (整体由部分组成)

1. Cast-iron is made up of about six different substances.

铸铁大约由六种不同的物质组成。

be composed of / consist of

machine is composed of several different parts.

这台机器由几种不同的部件组成。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

constitute 构成，组成 （部分组成整体）

1. Ferrite and carbon constitute the mild steel.

铁素体和碳组成低碳钢。

be transmitted into / to„through把„通过„传递给„

1. The piston movement is transmitted into / to the wheels through a crankshaft.

活塞的运动通过曲轴传递给轮子。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一Basic Concepts in Mechanics 1

It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of

the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces must be reasonable, and their intensities must be

within the working limits of the materials composing the example, if the force

operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause

metal-to-metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing. If the forces between gear

teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in

flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

distribute 分布，分配，供给

1. The heat is distributed evenly throughout the material.

热量在整个材料内部均匀分布。

distributed bending moment 分布弯矩distributor 配电器

distributed load 分布载荷 distributed mass 分布质量

be reasonable 合理，合适

1. The distribution of loads over the foundations must be reasonable. 负载在地基上的分布必须合理。

a reasonable moment, 大小合适的力矩

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

operate on 作用在„上 ( work on, place on, act on)

1. The moment operating / working / placing /acting on the rotation axis is 20 N-M.

作用在旋转轴上的力矩为20牛-米

result in 导致,引起,产生 „„ (结果)

（lead to, bring on, conduce to,）

1. Standardizing the size of the blades result in / lead to / bring on / conduce to/ production costs

being lowered.

叶片尺寸的标准化，能使(导致)生产成本不断降低。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一Basic Concepts in Mechanics 1

In the study of mechanics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude, direction,

and location of the forces.

Some of the terms used in this phase of our studies are defined below.

Force Our earliest ideas concerning forces arose because of our desire to push, lift, or pull various

objects. So force is the action of one body acting on another. Our intuitive concept of force

includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the

characteristics of a force.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

define 给„下定义，规定，界定，解释，

1. The boundary conditions should be defined before the electron optics computation.

在进行电子光学计算之前，必须先界定边界条件。

2. The property of this new material is defined in the description.

说明书中解释了这种新材料的特性。

concern 与„有关系，关心，concerning 关于

1. We are very much concern about the property of this new material. 我们非常关心这种新材料的性能。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

act on 作用于„ action 作用，reaction 反作用

1. A force which acts on an object is opposed by an equal and opposite reaction.

作用于物体上的力会受到大小相等、方向相反的反作用力。

Include 包括，把„包括在内；(反意词:exclude )

mild steel includes the constituents of ferrite and carbon.

低碳钢包括了铁素体和碳的成分。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

characteristic 特性,特征;characterize 具有„特性

1. Many motors do have a nearly constant torque-speed characteristic during starting.

许多电动机在启动时的扭矩转速特性几乎不变。

2. Many motors are characterized by its constant torque-speed characteristic during starting.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一Basic Concepts in Mechanics 1

Matter is any material or substance; if it is completely enclosed, it is called a body.

Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter that a body or an object contains. The mass of the

body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight.

Thus, a moon rock has a certain constant amount of substance, even though its moon weight is

different from its earth weight. This constant amount of substance, or quantity of matter, is called

the mass of the rock.

Inertia is the property of mass that causes it to resist any effort to change its motion.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

measure 度量，尺寸，措施，测量，量具

•All the necessary measures should be taken for the safety in this important experiment.

需采取一切必要的措施保证这次重要实验中的安全。

2. The measures including micrometer, calipers, depth gauge etc.

量具包括千分尺、卡尺、深度尺等。

3. The inch measures length.

英寸是长度的测量单位。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

be dependent on 依靠,依赖，取决于, 与„有关

1. The behavior of the entire machine is dependent on the design of the cam motion.

整台机器的特性都取决于凸轮运动的设计。

2. The steel will be mild or hard depending on the proportion of carbon it contains.

钢的软硬与它所含碳的比例有关。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之一 Words Learning

property 特性，性质，所有权

characteristic / performance / behavior 特性，性质

1. Tolerances cover dimensional variation and surface-roughness range and also the variation in

mechanical properties from heat treatment and other processing operations.

公差这个概念既包括尺寸偏差范围和表面粗糙度范围，也包括由热处理和其它处理操作所引起的机械特性的变化。

2. System calculations is often used in designing cam and follower mechanisms and in analyzing

their performance.

系统计算法常常用于设计凸轮和从动件机构以及分析其特性。

机械工程专业英语作业一 English in Mechanical Engineering (home work 1)

一、将下列中文翻译为英文：

作为机械工程专业领域的翻译，必须具备以下能力：

1、具有较好的英语基础；

2、较高的汉语修养；

3、较为丰富的机械工程专业知识；

4、懂得翻译的理论、技巧和方法。

二、阅读课文2并翻译第一段

机械工程专业英语第二课

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

要提高译文的质量， 使译文达到“准确”、“简

练”、“通顺”这三个标准，就必须学习翻译技巧。翻

译的技巧就是在翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法。

如词的选择、词义的引伸、增词、减词、转换词

类、改变句子结构、变更词序和改换译法等。

一、词义的选择

词义的选择实际就是英语词在特定句子中的词义的判断和确定。词在特定句子中的确切含义，在很大程度上取决于上下文。也就是说，词的含义必须根据词在句子中的作用．词的搭配习惯以及词的应用场合予以判断和确定。一般可从下列几个方面去判断。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

1、根据词类判断词义

英语中，有些词用作不同的词类时，其词义有时是不相同的。因此我们可根据词类来确定词义。 Every metal part is of great importance to machines.

每一个金属部件对机器都是很重要的。(n) Aluminum machines faster than other metals.

铝加工起来比其它金属快。(v) icroprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars.

微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。(v) The patient was connected to a television wave monitor.

病人的情况曾通过波形监视器监视。 (n)

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

2、根据上下文选择词义

严格说来，孤立的一个词很难确定它是什么意思，因为同一个词在不同的场合可能具有不同的意义，因此有些词必须根据上下文来确定其词义。 The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade.

过去十年里，我国工业迅猛发展。 To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.

在研制这种仪器时请了许多专家。 The function of the engine is to develop the necessary power.

发动机的功用就是产生所需要的动力。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection This cooling system failed. 这个冷却系统失效了. Newton’s laws fail to describe the motion of electrons in atoms.

牛顿的一些定律未能阐述电子在原子里的运动。

If the beam fails, the top layers of the supports will be crushed and the bottom layers torn.

如果桥梁垮断，则支柱的上面几层会压垮，而下面会破裂。 Few metals occur free.

金属呈游离状态的很少。 One of the parts worked free.

有一个部件松了。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

3、根据专业内容选择词义

英语中，同一个词在不同的专业中往往具有不同的词义。因此，在判断英语词的词义时，必须考虑到英语著作阐述的内容所涉及的概念属于哪个学科、哪个专业的。

例：power

power brake 自动制动器 power stroke 工作行程

power shaft 传动轴 rated power 额定功率

power source 电源 power fuel 发动机燃料

power tool 电动工具 power feed 自动进给

power unit 动力头;功率单位 power country 大国

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。 To drive machines requires power.

开动机器需要动力。 The power of such a battery is therefore about 30 watts.

因而这种电池的功率约为三十瓦。 China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear

powers.

尽管中国被看作是核大国之一，但中国决不会首先使用核武器。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection We have finished repairing that pump.

我们已经结束了对水泵的修理。 These workpieces must be finished on a grinder.

这些工件必须在磨床上精加工。 These methods convert raw plastic into finished products.

这些方法均可把塑料原料变为成品。 The stock market crash finished many speculators.

股票市场暴跌使许多投机者破产

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

4、根据搭配选择词义

1)形容词与名词的搭配：一个形容词与不同的名词搭配，可能具有不同的词义。一般来说，可根据与其搭配的名词来确定形容词的词义。

例：physical: 物质的，物理的，体力的，实际的„

physical change ；physical circuit ;physical science

物理变化 实际电路 自然科学

physical constant; physical contact; physical design

物理常数 直接接触 机械的结构设计

physical exercise; physical construction;

体育活动、体操 机械结构

physical address

实际地址

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection Everything in our physical world is continually changing.

我们的物质世界的一切都在不断地变化着。 A cutaway view showing the physical relationship of these elements is shown in Fig. 2.

表示这些部件的实际关系的剖视图表示于图2中。 Relations between physical quantities are usually given in the form of equations.

物理量之间的关系通常用公式表示。 The job of an engineer is to take knowledge and make physical use of it.

工程师的工作是掌握知识并加以实际的应用。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

2）动词与名词的搭配：

一个动词与不同的名词搭配，可能具有不同的词义。一般来说，要根据名词来确定动词的词义。

例：make:做，制造„„

make a recording make readings make a circuit

录音 取读数 构成电路,接通电路

make a calculation make n turns make a change

进行计算 转ｎ圈 改变

make measurements

进行）测量

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection This makes a close circuit.

这就构成了一个闭合电路。 They often make innovations in old machines and equipment.

他们经常对旧机器和旧设备进行革新。 Scales can also be used to make calculations.

天平也可用来进行计算。 When your flashlight stops making enough light, what do you do with it?

当你的手电筒不能发出足够亮的光时，你该怎么办呢？

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection

3) 动词与介词（或副词）的搭配：一个动词与不同的介词（或副词）搭配，就具有不同的词义。因此，可根据动词后面的介词（或副词）来确定该动词短语的词义。

例：turn 转动，旋转„„

turn on turn off turn up turn over

打开 关闭 举起，占有， 翻转

turn into turn over turn out turn to

把„转化为 接收 生产 变成，转向

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择Skills of Translation –acceptation selection Don’t turn off the lamp.

请不要关灯。

When you turn on the switch, the circuit closes.

当你打开开关时，电路就闭合。 When heated, water turns into steam.

水受热时变为蒸汽。 This factory turned out a large horizontal boring mill in 1979.

这家工厂在1979年生产了一种大型卧式镗铣床。 Please turn to page 5. 请翻到第五页。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2

Weight is the force with which a body is attracted to the earth or another celestial body, equal to

the product of the object's mass and the acceleration.

Particle A particle is a body whose dimensions are so small that they may be neglected.

Rigid Body All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by

force． When the deformation of such bodies is small，they are frequently assumed to be rigid．i.e.,

incapable of deformation，in order to simplify the analysis．

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

be attracted to 吸引，有吸引力，引起注意 Magnetic poles are attracted to their opposites.

正反磁极互相吸引

product 乘积, 产品，产物 Most of this kind of industrial products are sold abroad.

这种工业产品大部分销往国外。

finished products 成品，

product accumulator 乘积累加器，

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

be neglected 忽视，忽略 (ignore , disregard) negligible 微不足道 The losses due to leakage past the pistons can be neglected ( ignored / disregarded ) since they

are negligible.

由活塞漏气造成的损耗可以忽略不计，因为这些损耗是微不足道的

deform 变形 （deformation） There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force.

在力的作用下，没有一种材料不或多或少产生一定的变形。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2

assume 假定，假设 , 假如（suppose, if）( assumption) It is assumed that the gas temperature in the cylinder is constant.

假定气缸中气体的温度不变。 Suppose / if that “V” is the velocity of the steam, then R is its relative velocity.

假如“V”是蒸气的速度，则“R”就是它的相对速度。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2

Deformable Body the rigid-body assumption cannot be used when internal stresses and strains due

to the applied forces are to be analyzed． Thus we consider the body to be capable of

deforming．Such analysis is frequently called elastic-body analysis，using the additional

assumption that the body remains elastic within the range of the applied forces．

Newton's Laws Newton's three 1aws are：

Law 1 If all the forces acting on a particle are balanced，the particle with either remain at rest or

will continue to move in a straight line at a uniform velocity．

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

due to 由于，应归于，因为（作为复合介词用） The metal rod is bended due to the force action.

由于力的作用，金属杆弯曲了。

表示原因的的词或词组还有：

Because (语气最强，表示直接的原因)

since (语气稍弱，表示已知的原因)

as (语气更弱，表示明显的原因)

In view of / on account of / owing to / seeing that /表示“由于”

起连词作用。上述词或词组引出原因状语从句。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning Since the compensating jet is larger, it can supply more petrol.

由于补偿喷嘴较大，它能供给较多的汽油。

be analyzed 分析，解析 The main experimental problems are also analyzed with the method of ultra-low-frequency

measurements.

用这种超低频测量方法分析了主要的实验问题。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

remain 保持, 保留, 剩余 ( retain , keep) Permanent magnets are capable of remaining their magnetism indefinitely.

永久磁铁能够永久保留磁性。

balance 平衡，衡量 The balance of nature is upsetted through the use of insecticides.

由于杀虫剂的使用破坏了自然界的平衡。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2

Law 2 If the forces acting on a particle are not balanced，the particle will experience an

acceleration proportional to the resultant force and in the direction of the resultant force．

Law 3 When two particles react，a pair of interacting forces come into existence；these forces have

the same magnitudes and opposite senses，and they act along the straight line common to the two

particles．

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

experience 经历,体验,经验 (n. vt)

experiment 试验 (n. vi) Newton carried out several experiences on light and color. (错) Newton carried out several experiments on light and color.(对)

牛顿做过一些关于光和颜色的实验。 Try some of this perfume, as an experiment.

用点这种香水，作为一种试验吧。 Try some of this perfume, as an experience.

体验一下这种香水吧。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

几种用法：

experience happiness 体验幸福；

suffer a loss 受到损失；

sustained an injury 遭到伤害；tasted freedom 领略自由；

has undergone a religious conversion 经历一次宗教信仰的转变

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

be proportional to 成比例 The linear speed of rotation of a pulley is proportional to its diameter.

皮带轮旋转的线速度和它的直径成正比。

be directly proportional to 成正比 The power of an engine is directly proportional to the area of cross-section of the cylinder.

发动机的功率和气缸横断面的面积成正比。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

be inversely proportional to 成反比 The insulation resistance of a cable is inversely proportional to its length.

电缆的绝缘电阻与它的长度成反比。

common 共同的，公共的，公有的 Our common problems can be solved by these methods.

用这些方法可以解决我们共同的问题。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2

Mechanics deals with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with

which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time,

volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as

well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment,

and momentum.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Words Learning

associate 使发生联系，使联合，与„有关 ( 相关词汇deal with, involve ) Detonation in a cylinder is associated with

accelerated flame speeds.

气缸中的爆燃与火焰速度加快有关。

dissociate 使分离，分裂 Some molecules dissociate into simpler molecules when they are heated.

有些分子受热时便分离为较简单的分子。

possess 具有，掌握，支配 This new material possess the property of super conduction.

这种新材料具有超导性

机械工程专业英语第三课

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

二 、词义的引伸

当英语句子中的某个词按词典的释义直接译出不能符合汉语的修辞习惯或语言规范时，则可以在不脱离该英语词本义的前提下灵活选择恰当的汉语词或词组译出。这种翻译处理方法叫做引伸译法。引伸的目的在于避免由于直译而造成的生硬或离意。引伸的词义应该在意义上与原基本词义相关联，避免歪曲原意。

1. 使基本词义专业化：在专业性文章中，某些生活常用基本词汇已含有专业概念，可根据专业而引伸出词义。

- The independent chuck has four jaws, while the universal chuck has only three.

分动卡盘有四个爪，而万能卡盘只有三个。

independent 独立的－引伸为专业词义分动的

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

- The power dissipated by the filament literally boils electrons from the surface of the filament.

灯丝所消耗的功率完全用于从灯丝表面发射电子。

（literally –确实地、简直是，引伸为-完全；boil-沸腾, 引伸为-发射）

- This load is resisted by the tangential stress acting uniformly over the stressed area.

这个载荷由切向应力所平衡，而切向应力则均匀分布在应力作用面积上。

（resist- 抵抗，反抗，阻止，引伸为-平衡）

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

2. 使基本词义明确化：当基本词义在该句中意义含糊或比较费解时，应使其明确化。这时可采用解释性语言。

- Bronze was a better material for many purposes than either of the two metals that composed it.

在许多用途方面，青铜要比构成青铜的锡和铜更好。

（将 “two metals” 明确译为“锡和铜”）

- Note, therefore, that when we calibrate the scale to read in ohms, these calibrations go backward.

因此要注意，当我们把刻度刻成欧姆读数时，这些刻度是从大到小的。

(these calibrations go backward 若译为“这些刻度是向后的”, 就令人费解了。因此backward

在句中应引伸为“从大到小”)

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

3. 使基本词义具体化：英语中有的词意思很笼统，很概括。例如：“good”表示“好”，用得极其广泛，但具体“好”在哪里呢？我们应根据具体情况翻译，使语意更加清晰。

- A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.

电变为动力的典型例子是电车。

- Rivers provide good sources of hydro-power.

河流提供丰富的水力资源。

- The workers gave the machine a good checking.

工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

- It has long been thought of making good use of the sun’s energy to serve the human being.

人们早就设想过充分利用太阳能来为人类造福。

- Good switches move quickly.

优质开关通断灵活。

- Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number

of cases.

激光有许多显著的特性，这些特性使它在许多情况下成为一种更理想的光源。

- That engine sounds good.

那台发动机听起来很正常。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

- A good translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.

一个熟练的翻译人员一天也许能译两千到三千个词。

- The tungsten shines and gives a good light.

钨丝发亮而发射出耀眼的光芒。

- Engineers try to reduce friction as much as possible by good design.

工程师们试图通过完美的设计来尽可能地减少摩擦。

- The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.

我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

4. 使基本词意抽象化：英语中，有的词意思很具体，但在某些场合，它已经失去原来的具体词义而表示较抽象较笼统的意思，或者被借用来表示另一方面的意思。

- At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.

目前，煤是蒸汽动力厂的最常用的能源。

- An electric power station is a factory in which energy

is converted from one form or another into electrical energy.

电站是把一种能或另一种能转变成电能的地方。

-The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and ape.

这些人的性格既残暴，又狡猾。

- Everyone has rain and sunshine in their life.

每个人的生活中都有甜有苦。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

5. 名词的引伸

- Very often a machine is made in different pieces.

一台机器通常由许多不同的零件组成。（块、片、个）

- Obviously there is much room for improvement in the design.

显然，设计还大有改进的余地。（许多地方）

6. 动词的引伸

- From the district substations the cables run under the pavements to each house and shop.

电缆从区域变电站沿人行道下方铺设至每栋房屋和商店。（跑）

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

- The workpiece is chucked quickly, because the three jaws move in together. （向内运动）

工件迅速卡紧，因为三爪同时收拢。

7. 形容词的引伸

- Atoms are much too small to be seen even through the most powerful microscope. （最强的、最大功率的）

甚至通过最高放大倍数的显微镜，原子也小得看不见。

- One of the remarkable things about it is that the electromagnetic waves can move through great

distance.

这里，引人注目的一点是，电磁波可以传播到很远的地方去。（卓越的； 大的）

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

8. 副词的引伸

- People who work a great deal with electricity are continually dealing with the measurement of

electricity in watts.

成天同电打交道的人们经常用瓦特(单位)来测量电。

- The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current.

导线越粗，导电就越容易。

9. 词组的引伸

- This current which flows first in one direction and then in the other is called an alternating

current.

方向交替变化的电流叫做交流电。

翻译的基本方法 – 词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development

-We see that the surface is covered with tiny hills and valleys.

我们看到该表面布满了微小的凸凹不平之处。 (丘陵和溪谷)

- The primary and secondary windings are placed one over the other on the center arm of the core.

初级线圈和次级线圈互相重叠地绕在铁芯的中央臂上。（一个在另一个之上）

- Semiconductors are materials that lie midway between insulators and conductors in their ability

to pass an electric current.

半导体是一种其通过电流的能力介于绝缘体和导体之间的材料。（lie midway 躺在半路上）

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三Fasteners and Springs 1 Fasteners are devices which permit

one part to be joined to a second part and, hence, they are involved in almost all designs. The

acceptability of any product depends not only on the selected components, but also on the means

by which they are fastened together. The principal purposes of fasteners are to provide the

following design features:

(1) Disassembly for inspection and repair;

(2) Modular design where a product consists of a number of subassemblies. Modular design aids

manufacturing as well as transportation.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

Fasten （ Fastener）

1.普通词义：集中，系紧, (扣件,钮扣)

All eyes fastened on the speaker.所有的眼光都集中在演讲者身上

Belt fastener 皮带扣, paper fastener 书钉

2.专业词义：紧固，栓紧（紧固件,）

The bolt, nut, cotter pin and rivet are all common fastener.

螺栓、螺母、开口销及铆钉都是常用紧固件。

spring fastener 弹簧扣, clamp fastener 夹持器

acceptability 可接受性, 合格, 满意(度)

The acceptability of a new machine lies on its function and easy operation.

新机器的可接受性取决于它的功能和可操作性。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

component

1. 普通词义：成分，要素，组成的

Please analyse the component parts of this sentence.

请分析这个句子的成分。

2. 专业词义：零件，部件，元件

This factory supply components for the car industry.

这个工厂为汽车制造业提供零件。

Faulty of control system caused by the failure of a electronic component.

控制系统故障是由于一个电子元件失效引起。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

assembly

1. 普通词义：集会，集合

The national assembly have met to discuss the crisis.

国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。

２. 专业词义：装配，安装，装置

Each component is carefully checked before assembly.

每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。

disassembly 拆卸，拆除，分解，解体

For repairing the transmission system we have to make disassembly to some parts of the lathe .

要对这台车床传动系统进行维修，必须拆卸某些部件。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

modular 组合的，模块化的，组件化的

Modular machine is the modern way of machine design.

标准化组合机床是机床设计的新模式。

manufacture 制造，加工，制造业，产品

Most car components are manufactured by standardization manufactory.

大部分汽车零件是由标准化生产厂制造的。

To develop manufactures to the utmost, China must have new markets for her products.

中国若要最大限度地发展制造业就必须拥有销售其产品的新市场。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三Fasteners and Springs 1

There are three main classifications of fasteners,

which are described as follows:

(1) Removable. This type permits the parts to be

readily disconnected without damaging the fastener. An example is the ordinary nut-and-bolt

fastener.

(2) Semipermanent. For this-type, the parts can be disconnected, but some damage usually occurs

to the fastener. One such example is a cotter pin.

(3) Permanent. When this type of fastener is used, it is intended that the parts will never be

disassembled. Examples are riveted and welded joints.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

classification 分类,分级

The classification of machine tool can be based on its function.

机床可按其功能进行分类。

classification of fits security classification

配合类别 安全保密级别， 密级

describe 描写，描述，阐述，沿着„„画，

Performance and measuring method of the material are briefly described in the paper.

本文简述了该材料的性能与测量方法。

He describe a circle with a compass.

他用圆规画一个圆。

removable 1. 普通词义:可移动的,可更换的 2.专业词义:可拆卸的

Taper pin is classified as removable component.

锥销属可拆卸零件类。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三Fasteners and Springs 1

The following factors should be taken into account when selecting fasteners for a given

application:

(1) Primary function;

(2) Appearance;

(3) A large number of small size fasteners versus a small number of large size fasteners (an

example is bolts);

(4) Operating conditions such as vibration, loads and temperature;

(5) Frequency of disassembly;

(6) Adjustability in the location of parts;

(7) Types of materials to be joined;

(8) Consequences of failure or loosening of the fastener.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

take into account 重视, 考虑

Security should be taken into account during experiment.

实验期间必须重视安全问题。

given application 特定的应用，指定的应用

This equation can only be used in a given application.

这个公式只能用于指定的应用情况。

operating condition 工作条件，工件环境

Operating condition should be improved for grinding works.

应为磨削工人们改善工作环境。

consequences 结果，后果，影响

A machine without proper oil will cause failure consequences

不对机器进行润滑保养会导致各种故障。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三Fasteners and Springs 1

The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring to any complex product. In the case of

the automobile, there are literally thousands of parts which are fastened together to produce the

total product. The failure or loosening of a single fastener could result in a

simple nuisance such as a door rattle or in a serious situation such as a wheel coming off. Such

possibilities must be taken into account in the selection of the type of fastener for the specific

application.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

realize 认识到，了解，实现，达到

The engineers realized that force analysis is very important before making a mechanical design.

工程师们认识到在进行机构设计前作受力分析是很重要的。

The plan of machining 200 workpieces a day was realized.

已经实现了每天加工200个零件的计划。

failure 1.普通词义:失败,不成功 2.专业词义:故障,失效,失灵,损坏

Failure is the mother of success. （=Failure teaches success.）

失败是成功之母。

Bearing failure caused by lack of oil.

润滑油不足导致轴承损坏。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三 Words Learning

nuisance 令人讨厌的事（人），麻烦事，障碍，损害

The loud noise of that failure machine was a nuisance to the whole workshop.

那台出故障的机器产生那么大的噪声让整个车间都厌烦。

selection 选择，挑选

Components filter selection is so important that it is the determinant of whole machine property.

零部件的筛选十分重要，它决定了整台设备性能的好坏．

机械工程专业英语作业二English in Mechanical Engineering (home work ２)

1. 英文造句，将下列单词分别用到所造的句子中：

components, assembly, modular, manufacture,

describe, removable, take into account , selection,

operating conditions, consequences, failure

4机械工程专业英语第四课

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

三 、增词与减词

（一）增词译法:在对英文进行翻译时，若按字面翻译，句子的结构不完善，或句子的含义不明确，或词汇的概念不清晰时，需要增

加某些词语，以便更完善、清楚地表达英语句子的内容。例：

Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance

increases weight.

直译：效率花费金钱，安全增加复杂性，性能增加重量。

增词译法：对设备(或器件)来说，要提高效率就要增加成本，要想保证安全势必要增加其复杂程度，而要改善性能就要增加其重量。

1. 增加表示时态的概念的词

英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的，翻译时必须用一些中文词将其表达出来：

Balloons were (and are) usually filled with hydrogen.

气球过去（和现在）一般都用氢气来充气。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

We can learn what we did not know.

我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。（过去时）

The generator set will start working tomorrow.

这台发电机组将于明天开始运行。（将来时）

An object is said to possess kinetic energy if it if moving.

如果一个物体在运动，就可以说它有了动能。（进行时）

We have learned how to fit the computer.

我们已经学会了怎样安装电脑。（完成时）

Reamers are used to finish drilled holes.

绞刀用来将已经钻好了的孔进行精加工。(过去分词表示“完成”的状态)

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

2. 补充原文省略的词

英语中常根据语法或语言习惯省略某些词语，如重复出现时，省去形容词修饰的名词，用do代替实义动词，在省略句中，省去连

词、主语、谓语动词或其它成分等：

In figure 5, P is the resistance, S the distance and C the effort.

在图5中， P是阻力，S是距离，C是作用力。

All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms.

所有物体均由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。(补译出 these 后面省略的molecules consist)

The changes in matter around us are of two types, physical andchemical.

我们周围的物质变化有两种，物理变化与化学变化。

When pure, water is a colorless liquid.

水纯时,水是无色的液体。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

3. 补充表示数的概念的词语

一般来说，表示单数的不定冠词a和名词的复数形式是不必译出的。但在某些情况下，必须补足具体的表示数量的词。

Hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a proton.

氢原子由一个电子和一个质子构成。

(此处的数词a 表示具体的实际数量) The bottom part of the hanging wire is placed between the

poles of a small horseshoe magnet.

悬挂着的导线下端放在一个小型马蹄形磁铁的两个磁极之间。

We can stop this trouble if we use a special rod.

如果我们用某种特制的杆，就能解决这个问题。

Some typical fabrication methods are shown in Fig.11-36.

若干种典型的组装方法如图11-36 所示。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

在应当表示名词的复数概念时，要根据上下文判断其复数是“二”还是“几个”。要善于选择适当的量词。

Metals can be classified as pure metals and alloys.

金属可分为纯金属与合金两类。

Since its formation the earth has been undergoing changes.

地球自形成以来，一直经历着各种变化。

Chromium improves the properties of steel.

铬可改进钢的各种性能。

The air is made up of mixture of gases.

空气是由多种气体混合而成的气体。

We saw bubbles rising from under the water.

我们看到一个个水泡从水下升起。

The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.

频率、波长与声速三者密切相关。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

4. 补充句子成分：英译汉时，有时所有的词汇都相应地译出后，汉语句子的结构显得不完整。这时，应补充缺少的句子成分。

It has long been known that electricity is a form of energy.

我们早就知道电是能的一种形式。（补充主语）

An exact solution demands much calculation.

一个精确的解答要求进行很多次计算。（补充谓语）

When the wire stops moving, the current stops.

当导线停止移动时，则电流就停止流动。（补充宾语）

Fuses are cheap, other equipment is much more expensive.

保险丝很便宜，但其它保险设备却昂贵得多。（补充定语）

Why do satellites stay in orbit? Why don’t they shoot off intoouter space?

为什么卫星会留在轨道上运行？它们为什么不会飞出轨道而进入外层空间呢？（补充状语）

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

5. 补充解释性词语：

当按照英语句子逐词翻译不能清楚、明确表达原句概念时，可补充解释性词语进行解释说明。

The following discussion assumes the teeth to be perfectly formed, perfectly smooth, and

absolutely rigid.

下面的讨论中假定轮齿加工没有误差， 轮齿表面完全光滑， 轮齿为绝对刚体。

You can also purify water by boiling it and condensing the steam which you have collected.

你也可把水煮沸,将收集到的蒸汽凝结,用这样的方法来提取纯水。

The angle β shown in the figure is the angle between plane PQ and a horizontal plane.

图中所示的β角为PQ 平面和水平面之间的夹角

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

6. 补充语气连贯性词语：

The reliability of semiconductor devices is very important, especially in space applications.

半导体器件的可靠性至关重要, 特别是在空间技术应用中尤其如此。

Take the case of the hydrogen atom. It has only one electron in the shell. How many electrons

more are needed to complete this shell? The answer is one.

以氢原子为例，它的壳层中仅有一个电子，还需要加几个电子来补满这个壳层呢？回答是：还需要一个。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

（二）减词译法

有时在英语句子必不可少的词，在汉语中有时是可有可无，甚至是多余的。这时，汉译时必须省译。英语中的介词、连接词、代词、冠词等在汉译时也常常省译。

Now that we are all here, we begin to make our experiment at once.

直译：既然我们都到齐了，我们立刻开始我们的实验。

正译：都到齐了，我们立刻开始做实验吧。

If the wire has small cross section, the electric current which flows through it per second will be

small in quantity.

直译：如果导线的截面积小，每秒钟通过导线的电流在数量方面将是小的。

正译：导线的截面积小，每秒钟所流过的电流就小。

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

1. 省译从修辞角度看不必重复的词

Steel contains a smaller proportion of carbon than cast iron contains.

钢的含碳率比铸铁小。(第二个contains 系重复词)

Matter is constantly changing and is constantly moving.

物质在不断地变化和运动着。

2. 省译逻辑上不必要的说明语

The present process of making steel from iron in only about 100 years old.

目前的炼钢法只有约100年的历史。（不必译出“由铁炼钢的方法”）

Domestic lighting circuits should be at least two in number.

家用照明电路至少应该是两条。（不必译出“在数量上是两条”）

翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words

3. 省译修辞上所不需要的词

Copper is a material which has the property of elasticity.

铜是一种具有弹性的材料。(省译property因为“弹性”已表明“性质”

To start a car moving, work must be done on it.

要开动汽车，就必须对它做功。(不必译为“开动汽车运动”)

There are two kinds of materials used in engineering.

工程材料有两种。（不必译为“工程中所使用的材料”“工程材料”自

然是“使用在工程中”的。）

A generator can not produce energy, what it does is to convert mechanical energy into electrical

energy.

发电机不能产生能量,它只是把机械能变为电能. (省译“它所做的事”)

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四Fasteners and Springs 2

Springs are mechanical members which are designed to give a relatively large amount of elastic

deflection under the action of an externally applied load. Hooke's Law, which states that deflection

is proportional to load, is the basis of behavior of springs. However, some springs are designed to

produce a nonlinear relationship between load and deflection.

The following is a list of the important purposes and applications of springs:

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

spring 1. 普通词义:春天, 泉，2. 专业词义：弹簧,弹性,弹力,发条

Spring begins in March. 春天从三月开始。

There is a hot spring in the village.

村子里有一口温泉。

Please adjust the spring on the equipment to increase the axial

spring applied on the axle.

请调节一下设备上的弹簧，使作用在轴上的弹力增加。

elastic deflection 弹性变形

When a force is applied on a spring, elastic deflection will appear. 当对弹簧加力时，弹簧就会发生弹性变形。

We can make a light signal deflect to another direction by a Prism. 我们可以用一个棱镜使光信号偏转一个角度。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

state 陈述, 说明, 状况，国家

The relationship between mass and energy in nature is stated briefly in this article.

本文简述了自然界中质量与能量的关系。

Every body continues in its state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by forces

applied on it.

每一个物体保持其静止状态,除非有加于其上的力,它才会改变那种状态。

state universities 国立大学；

critical state 临界状态；

existing state 现状； finished state 成品形状；

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

nonlinear relationship 非线性的，非直线的

The output voltage and input current in this circuit is a nonlinear relationship.

这个电路的输出电压与输入电流是一种非线性关系。

The deformation of a metal bar on a elongation test machine and the force on it is nonlinear

relationship after its elastic deformation.

在拉伸试验机上拉伸金属棒,在弹性变形之后其变形量与所加的力成非线性关系。

be linear with 与„„成线性关系

Deformation of a spring is linear with the force applied on it.

弹簧的变形量与施加在其上的作用力成线性关系。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四Fasteners and Springs 2

(1) Control of motion in machines. This category represents the majority of spring applications

such as operating forces in clutches and brakes. Also, springs are used to maintain contact between

two members such as a cam and its follower.

(2) Reduction of transmitted forces as a result of impact or shock loading. Applications here

include automotive suspension system springs and bumper springs.

(3) Storage of energy. Applications in this category are found in clocks, movie cameras and lawn

mowers. Many parking meters use spring mechanisms which perform the timing function.

(4) Measurement of force. Scales used to weigh people is a very common application for this

category.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

category 种类，类别，范畴

Works place all machined parts in category so that the installation of the production line will be

more efficiency.

工人们把加工好的机器零部件分门别类的放好以便提高生产线的安装效率。

represents 表现，表示，描写

The basic concepts of laser technology and data collected are represented in this paper.

本文给出了激光技术的基本概念和收集的数据。

maintain 维持，坚持，维修，保养

He bring enough food to maintain life and leave for forest.

他带够了足够维持生命的食物然后向森林出发了。

Engineers maintain all machines once a year.

机械师每年将全部设备维修一次。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

storage 贮藏， 存储器

A storage is such a device that can retain data.

存储器是一种可以保存数据的设备。

Spring is a storage element.

弹簧是一种储能元件。

perform„function 实现„功能, 起„作用

This program performs optic calculating function in the computer.

该程序在计算机上实现光学计算功能。

Bolts and nuts perform fastening function on the machine.

螺栓螺母在设备上起紧固作用。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四Fasteners and Springs 2

Most springs are made of steel, although silicon bronze, brass and beryllium copper are also used.

Springs are universally made by companies which specialize in the manufacture of springs. The

helical coil spring is the most popular type of spring; torsion bars and leaf springs are also widely

used. If the wire diameter (assuming a helical coil spring) is less than 8mm, the spring will

normally be cold-wound from hard-drawn or oil-tempered wire. For larger diameters, springs are

formed using hot-rolled bar.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

universal 普遍(的), 通用(的), 世界的, 万向的, 万能(的)

A universal chuck and the universal motor are fitted on the new lathe.

新车床装上了万向卡盘和通用电机。

specialize 专攻, 专门研究

He specializes in physics. 他专攻物理学。

The factory specialized in manufacturing mechanic products in 1990’s but now change to

electronic products.

这个厂在90年代专门生产机械产品，但现在转为生产电子产品了。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

assuming 假定，设想

Assuming the friction is neglect, does a machine can be made 100% efficiency?

假定不考虑摩擦力，机器的效率可做到100%吗？

be cold-wound 冷卷绕(法)

The cylinders can be cold-wound by circle rolling machine as they are big diameter and small

thickness.

这些圆柱筒由于直径大厚度小，可以在滚轧机上冷卷出来。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四Fasteners and Springs 2

It is good practice to consult with a spring

manufacturing company when selecting a spring

design, especially if high loads or temperatures are to be encountered, or if stress reversals occur

or corrosion resistance is required. To properly select a spring, a complete study of the spring

requirements, including space limitations, must be undertaken. Many different types of special

springs are available to satisfy unusual requirements or applications.

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

It is good practice to do sth.

应该做某事，好的习惯做法

It is good practice to be punctual.

应该养成准时的习惯。

It is good practice to make full preparation before doing it.

在做事之前应该做好充分地准备工作。

consult 请教,商量, 商议

You should consult to the specialists for detailed information of this technology.

你应该向专家请教该项技术的详细情况。

You can consult with an experience person for good advice.

你可以和有经验的人商量得到有益的建议。

机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四 Words Learning

encounter 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇

He encountered many difficulties when he first started this job.

他开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。

The tool of high speed steel should be selected when encounter a harder material.

碰到加工较硬的材料时，要选用高速钢工具。

undertake 着手作,从事,承担, 担任

A group of five undertake the experiment and calculations.

5人小组着手进行实验与计算工作。

She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.