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2024年3月25日发(作者：eclipse怎么打开文件)
托福作文写作范文详解
题目:The three pie charts below show the changes in annual
spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.
内容要点
因为三个饼图每个版块所描述的对象是一样的，最重要的变化在于每年
每个项目所占的百分比，因此三年间每个项目所占百分比的变化是写作
重点。教师工资所占比例最大，保险所占比例最小，应重点提出，其余
的项目也要进行适当比较，特别是三年中百分比变化比较大的项目需要
注意。
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending
by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.
（首段概括全表格内容，点明描述对象和具体年份）
In all three years, teachers’ salaries always had the largest
proportion, rising to 50% in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001. In
contrast, insurance constantly occupied the smallest percentage,
although it increased from 2% to 8%. In addition, other workers’
salaries kept decreasing from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001.
（首先提出占比最大的项目是教师工资，之后比较提出占比例最小的项
目是保险，最后分析三年内百分比变化最大的项目-员工工资）
Spending on resources had increased to 20% in 1991 before
dropping to only 9% by the end of the period. By contrast, the
cost of furniture and equipment experienced an opposite trend,
decreasing to only 5% in 1991, but rising sharply to 23% of total
school budget in 2001.
（分析资源消费和家具设备消费的比例变化：前者三年内变化趋势是先
升后降，而后者是先降后生，对这种变化进行一定的描述和对比）
All in all, it is clear to see that most of the school expenditure is
spent on teachers’ salaries, and the proportion of insurance
could be seen an upward trend. However, less and less cost is
spent on other workers’ salaries.
（全文总结，重申所有重点内容）
满分要素剖析：
语言表达
本文有很多表示变化趋势的短语，除了increase, decrease这些学生最
常用的，还有rise to, experience a…trend, rise to等。要加强学习，
可用于所有动态图中。
1 Precisely, over-grazing had the largest proportion which
occupies 35%. It is closely followed by deforestation and
over-cultivation, taking up 30% and 28% respectively. In addition,
there are also some other reasons, constituting only 7%.
注意这三句中运用到的表示“占百分比”的表达：occupy, take up,
constitute。此外，注意罗列几个百分比数时用到的方法：follow by,
respectively, in addition。
2 However, it only took up 0.2% in North America and 1.7% in
Oceania.
本句提到植被减少对北美及大洋洲农业产量影响时，尽量简化句子，不
多对百分比的含义多加解释，因为前一句是关于植被减少对欧洲农业产
量的影响。
逻辑结构
本文是典型的总分总结构的小作文。开篇先paraphrase原题，第二部
分分两段，分别描述两个图表的细节。最后一句话对两个表格分别进行
了高度的文字概括。
内容要点
此题要求分析双图：饼状图和表格图。重点在于分析饼状图的静态比例
分布和表格图的静态比例分配，饼状图的分析顺序按从大到小进行，表
格图的最大值最小值是描述的重点（11.3，9.8，0）
The information given by the pie chart and the table is about the
main reasons for worldwide land degradation and how three
areas of the world were affected by the reasons over the 1990s.
（首段概括全表格内容，点明描述对象：全世界范围内土地产量下降的
原因及1990年三个区域受影响的程度）
As we can see from the pie chart, there are four main causes of
farmland becoming degraded in the world. Precisely,
over-grazing had the largest proportion which occupies 35%. It
is closely followed by deforestation and over-cultivation, taking
up 30% and 28% respectively. In addition, there are also some
other reasons, constituting only 7%.
（提出共有四种原因导致土地产量下降，按照比例由大到小的顺序分析
四种原因）
The given causes affected different regions differently in the
1990s. Specifically, in Europe which had the largest proportion of
land degradation (23%), 9.8% land degraded was due to
deforestation. However, it only took up 0.2% in North America
and 1.7% in Oceania. As for Oceania with 13% of total land
degradation, the most serious cause was over-grazing (11.3%).
Interestingly, there was no link between its land degradation and
over-cultivation which made 3.3% land degraded in North
America whose total land degraded accounted for 5%.
（分析影响欧洲土地产量最重要的原因-植被减少，并比较植被减少对
美洲和大洋洲的影响；然后分析影响大洋洲土地产量的最重要原因-过
度放牧，提出过度耕种并未对土地产生影响；最后分析影响美洲土地产
量的因素）
All in all, it is clear to see that over-grazing and deforestation are
the most important reasons for land degradation, and the
reasons mentioned above played different roles in different
regions during the 1990s.
（概括饼图：强调过度放牧和植被减少是影响土地产量的最主要原因；
概括表格：指出地区差异）
满分要素剖析：
语言表达
饼图和表格图有很多百分比需要逐一提出，本范文运用不同的表达方式
描述这些百分比。用词和句式变化多端。
1 The information given by the pie chart and the table is about
the main reasons for worldwide land degradation and how three
areas of the world were affected by the reasons over the 1990s.
雅思小作文首段统一对原题进行paraphrase。本句用的句型是：The
information given by…is about…可以通用到所有小作文中。并运用
了两种常见的paraphrase的方法：（1）词汇和短语的替换，agricultural
land becomes less productive替换worldwide land degradation，
causes替换reasons；（2）将主动句改成被动句。
2 Precisely, over-grazing had the largest proportion which
occupies 35%. It is closely followed by deforestation and
over-cultivation, taking up 30% and 28% respectively. In addition,
there are also some other reasons, constituting only 7%.
注意这三句中运用到的表示“占百分比”的表达：occupy, take up,
constitute。此外，注意罗列几个百分比数时用到的方法：follow by,
respectively, in addition。
3 However, it only took up 0.2% in North America and 1.7% in
Oceania.
本句提到植被减少对北美及大洋洲农业产量影响时，尽量简化句子，不
多对百分比的含义多加解释，因为前一句是关于植被减少对欧洲农业产
量的影响。
逻辑结构
本文是典型的总分总结构的小作文。开篇先paraphrase原题，第二部
分分两段，分别描述两个图表的细节。最后一句话对两个表格分别进行
了高度的文字概括。
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