半导体英文词汇

半导体英文词汇

Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has electrical

conductivity between that of a conductor and that of an

insulator. This means that it can conduct some electricity

under certain conditions, but not as much as a conductor.

Semiconductors are essential components of electronic

devices, such as diodes, transistors, and integrated

circuits.

半导体

半导体是一种在导体和绝缘体之间具有电导性的材料。这意味着

在某些条件下它可以导电，但不像导体那样能够导电。半导体是电

子器件的基本组成部分，如二极管、晶体管和集成电路。

Diode

A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to

flow in only one direction. It has two terminals, an anode

and a cathode. When a positive voltage is applied to the

anode and a negative voltage to the cathode, the diode

conducts electricity. However, if the polarity of the

applied voltage is reversed, the diode blocks the flow of

current.

二极管

二极管是一种只允许电流在一个方向中流动的半导体器件。它有

两个端子，即阳极和阴极。当正电压施加到阳极上，负电压施加到

阴极上时，二极管会导电。然而，如果施加的电压极性相反，二极

管将阻止电流的流动。

Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify

or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is

composed of three layers of semiconductor material, each

capable of carrying a current. There are two main types of

transistors: bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-

effect transistors (FET). Transistors are fundamental

building blocks of modern electronic devices.

晶体管

晶体管是一种用于放大或开关电子信号和电功率的半导体器件。

它由三层半导体材料组成，每一层都能够传输电流。晶体管有两种

主要类型：双极晶体管（BJT）和场效应晶体管（FET）。晶体管是

现代电子设备的基本构建模块。

Integrated Circuit (IC)

An integrated circuit, also known as a microchip, is a

small electronic circuit that consists of semiconductor

devices and passive components (such as resistors and

capacitors) interconnected on a single substrate. ICs can

contain hundreds to millions of transistors, and they are

the backbone of modern electronic devices, including

computers, smartphones, and digital cameras.

集成电路（IC）

集成电路，也称为微型芯片，是一种由半导体器件和被动元件

（如电阻和电容器）相互连接在一个单一基底上的小型电子电路。

集成电路可以包含数百万甚至数百万个晶体管，它们是现代电子设

备的支柱，包括计算机、智能手机和数码相机。

Semiconductor Materials

Semiconductors can be made from a variety of materials,

including silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and others.

Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material due

to its abundance and relatively low cost. It is also a key

component of most integrated circuits. Other semiconductor

materials, such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide, are

used in specialized applications, such as high-power

electronics and optoelectronics.

半导体材料

半导体可以由多种材料制成，包括硅、锗、砷化镓等。由于硅的

丰富和相对较低的成本，它是最广泛使用的半导体材料。它也是大

多数集成电路的关键组成部分。其他半导体材料，如氮化镓和碳化

硅，用于专门应用，如高功率电子和光电子。

Doping

Doping is the process of intentionally introducing

impurities into a semiconductor to change its electrical

properties. This is done by adding small amounts of

specific elements, such as phosphorus or boron, to the

semiconductor material. The added impurities create an

excess of either negative or positive charge carriers,

which in turn increases the semiconductor's conductivity.

掺杂

掺杂是有意向半导体中引入杂质以改变其电学特性的过程。这是

通过向半导体材料中添加少量特定元素，如磷或硼来完成的。添加

的杂质会产生过量的负或正电荷载体，从而增加半导体的导电性。

PN Junction

A PN junction is the boundary or interface between two

regions of a semiconductor crystal, one doped with an

electron-acceptor impurity (P-type) and the other doped

with an electron-donor impurity (N-type). When a PN

junction is formed, it creates a depletion region where

there are no free charge carriers. PN junctions are the

basis of many semiconductor devices, including diodes and

transistors.

PN结

PN结是半导体晶体中两个区域之间的边界或界面，其中一个区

域杂质是电子受体（P型），另一个区域杂质是电子供体（N型）。

当形成PN结时，会产生一个耗尽区，其中没有自由电荷载体。PN

结是许多半导体器件的基础，包括二极管和晶体管。

Band Gap

The band gap is the energy difference between the top of

the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in a

semiconductor material. It determines the electrical

conductivity of the material. Semiconductors with a smaller

band gap are better conductors, while those with a larger

band gap are better insulators. The band gap also

influences the semiconductor's optical properties, such as

its ability to emit or absorb light.

带隙

带隙是半导体材料价带顶部和导带底部之间的能量差。它决定了

材料的电导性。带隙较小的半导体是更好的导体，而带隙较大的半

导体是更好的绝缘体。带隙还影响半导体的光学特性，如其发光或

吸收光的能力。

Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductors are manufactured using a complex process

that involves multiple steps, including crystal growth,

wafer fabrication, and device assembly. The most common

method for producing semiconductor devices is the use of

silicon wafers. These wafers are subjected to various

processes, such as oxidation, photolithography, and etching,

to create the necessary structures and patterns for the

devices.

半导体制造

半导体的制造使用了一个包括晶体生长、晶片制造和器件组装在

内的复杂过程。生产半导体器件最常见的方法是使用硅晶片。这些

晶片经历了氧化、光刻和蚀刻等各种过程，以创建器件所需的结构

和图案。

Applications of Semiconductors

Semiconductors are used in a wide range of electronic

devices and systems. They are the foundation of modern

technology and play a crucial role in various applications,

such as telecommunications, computing, and consumer

electronics. Semiconductors are also essential for

renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and

wind turbines, as well as for advanced medical devices and

industrial equipment.

半导体的应用

半导体在各种电子设备和系统中得到了广泛应用。它们是现代技

术的基础，在电信、计算和消费电子等各种应用中起着至关重要的

作用。半导体对于可再生能源技术，如太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机，

以及先进的医疗设备和工业设备也是至关重要的。

In conclusion, semiconductors are a vital part of modern

technology and are used in a wide range of applications.

Understanding the properties and behaviors of

semiconductors is essential for the development of new

electronic devices and systems, as well as for advancing

renewable energy technologies and other critical areas of

innovation. As technology continues to evolve, the role of

semiconductors will continue to be crucial in shaping the

future of electronics and beyond.