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在Ubuntu10.04.1下安装Geant4

作者 陶仕达 高永凤 王云海 吴福源

指导老师:胡华四教授

珍藏版

2011年

0

陕西省西安市咸宁西路28号

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

目录

目录 ............................................................................................................................................. 1

一、准备工作 ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1安装基本编译环境 ........................................................................................................... 3

1.2安裝OpenGL Library ......................................................................................................... 3

1.3安裝OpenGL Utilities ....................................................................................................... 3

1.4安装sudo apt-get install libxt-dev .................................................................................... 3

1.5安装libxmu。打开新立得软件包管理器,查找libxmu。把找到的七项全装上。 ... 3

1.6安装sudo apt-get install libxi-dev .................................................................................... 3

1.7确认已安装g++。命令如下: ........................................................................................ 3

二、下载安装CLHEP .................................................................................................................. 4

2.1到以下网站下载CLHEP数据包。 ................................................................................... 4

2.2把下载的数据包放到某个文件夹。 ............................................................................... 4

2.3解压。 ................................................................................................... 4

2.4进入你解压出来的文件夹配置环境。 ........................................................................... 4

2.5编译CLHEP。 ................................................................................................................... 5

2.6安装CLHEP ....................................................................................................................... 5

三、下载安装GEANT4 ............................................................................................................... 6

3.1到以下网站下载你所需的数据包 。 ............................................................................. 6

3.2解压。 ........................................................................................... 6

3.3解压。 ............................................................................................ 7

3.4配置环境。 ....................................................................................................................... 7

3.5回答问题. .......................................................................................................................... 7

3.6安装GEANT4。 ................................................................................................................ 8

3.7安装成功。 ..................................................................................................................... 10

四、运行应用程序 ................................................................................................................... 10

4.1创建运行脚本。 ............................................................................................................. 10

4.2创建Geant4工作目录。 ............................................................................................... 10

4.3把应用程序复制到你的工作文件夹。 ......................................................................... 11

4.4配置应用程序运行环境。 ............................................................................................. 11

1

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

4.5编译程序。 ..................................................................................................................... 12

4.6运行生成的可执行文件。 ............................................................................................. 12

4.7打开视窗,查看你定义的几何模型。 ............................................................................ 13

4.9查看粒子径迹和粒子碰撞过程。 ................................................................................. 13

4.10 运行完毕,退出。 ......................................................................................................... 14

五、结束语 ............................................................................................................................... 14

2

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

一、准备工作

1.1安装基本编译环境

sudo apt-get install build-essential

1.2安裝OpenGL Library

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev

1.3安裝OpenGL Utilities

sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev

1.4安装sudo apt-get install libxt-dev

不装这个包在编译geant4时会报error: X11/Intrinsic.h: No such file or directory的错误。

1.5安装libxmu。

打开新立得软件包管理器,查找libxmu。把找到的七项

全装上。

否则编译geant4时会遇到如下错误:include/:46:29: error:

X11/Xmu/StdCmap.h: No such file or directory。 原因可能是默认安装的libxmu相关包都不是dev版

(develop),所以在系统中没有头文件。

1.6安装sudo apt-get install libxi-dev

(在Ubuntu上)

否则将可能出现如下错误:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXi

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make[1]: *** [../../bin/linux/release/particles] Error 1

1.7确认已安装g++。

命令如下:

g++ -v

3

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

二、下载安装CLHEP

2.1到以下网站下载CLHEP数据包。

/proj-clhep/DISTRIBUTION/

2.2把下载的数据包放到某个文件夹。

例如:

~/CLHEP

2.3解压。

(当然也可以直接用右键解压)

cd ~/CLHEP

tar -zxvf

你将在终端将看到如下内容

starting with:

2.0.4.5/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/CVS/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/CVS/Root

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/CVS/Repository

And ending with:

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/Vector/configure

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/

2.0.4.5/CLHEP/configure

2.4进入你解压出来的文件夹配置环境。

命令如下:

cd 2.0.4.5/CLHEP

sudo ./configure --prefix /u/ey/perl/CLHEP

输入密码后,你将看到如下内容:

starts with:

checking build i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking for a /usr/bin/install -c

checking whether build environment yes

And ends with:

: creating test/

: creating test/

: creating test/

: creating Exceptions/defs.h

: executing depfiles commands

4

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

2.5编译CLHEP。

命令如下:

make

你将看到如下内容:

starts with:

Making all in Units

make[1]: Entering directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP/Units'

Making all in Units

make[2]: Entering directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP/Units/U

nits'

make all-am

And ends with:

rm -f

liblist=`./getObjectList -shared Units Vector Evaluator

GenericFunctions Geometry Random Matrix RandomObjects RefCount

Cast Exceptions`;

g++ -O -ansi -pedantic -Wall -D_GNU_SOURCE -g -O2 -o

-shared -Wl,-soname,

$liblist -o

./build-header

make[1]: Leaving directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP'

2.6安装CLHEP

。命令如下:

make install

你将看到如下内容:

starts with:

Making install in Units

make[1]: Entering directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP/Units'

Making install in Units

make[2]: Entering directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP/Units/Uni

ts'

And ends with:

test -z "/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/include/CLHEP" || mkdir -p --

"/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/include/CLHEP"

if test -f ClhepVersion.h; then

echo " /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 'ClhepVersion.h'

'/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/include/CLHEP/ClhepVersion.h'";

/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 "ClhepVersion.h"

"/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/include/CLHEP/ClhepVersion.h";

5

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

else :; fi

/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 'ClhepVersion.h'

'/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/include/CLHEP/ClhepVersion.h'

make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.

make[2]: Leaving directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP'

make[1]: Leaving directory

`/afs//u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP'

这样以后,你将在

/u/ey/perl/CLHEP/2.0.4.5/CLHEP

目录中里看到include和

lib两个目录。如果你看到以上两个目录得话,恭喜你,你的CLHEP安装成功了!

三、下载安装GEANT4

3.1到以下网站下载你所需的数据包 。

/geant4/

3.2解压。

把下载的压缩包解压到某一个文件夹。命

令如下:

cd ~/geant4

tar -zxvf

你将看到如下内容:

starting with:

geant4.9.3.p02/

geant4.9.3.p02/Configure

geant4.9.3.p02/LICENSE

geant4.9.3.p02/ReleaseNotes/

geant4.9.3.p02/ReleaseNotes/

And ending with:

geant4.9.3.p02/source/visualization/modeling/src/G4Trajector

geant4.9.3.p02/source/visualization/modeling/src/G4Trajector

geant4.9.3.p02/source/visualization/modeling/src/

geant4.9.3.p02/source/visualization/modeling/src/G4VTrajecto

geant4.9.3.p02/source/visualization/modeling/src/G4VisTrajCo

6

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

3.3解压。

在你geant4.9.3.p02文件夹里新建一个名为

data的文件夹,把下载的数据包放进去,解压(其他数

据包同理)。解压命令如下:

cd ~/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data

tar -zxvf

你将在终端将看到如下内容

starting with:

G4EMLOW6.9/

G4EMLOW6.9/auger/

G4EMLOW6.9/auger/

G4EMLOW6.9/auger/

G4EMLOW6.9/auger/

And ending with:

G4EMLOW6.9/tripdata/

G4EMLOW6.9/tripdata/

G4EMLOW6.9/tripdata/

G4EMLOW6.9/tripdata/

G4EMLOW6.9/tripdata/

3.4配置环境。

进入geant4.9.3.p02文件夹配置环境。命令如下:

cd ~/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02

./Configure -build

3.5回答问题。

输入以上两条命令按回车后,你将在终端被问一系列问题,除

以下两个问题外,全部采用默认设置。

问题一:

When it asks:

Enable building of the X11 OpenGL visualization driver? [n]

Enter:

y

This tells Geant4 that you want to include the optional OpenGL Visualization

driver.

问题二:

When it asks:

Enable building of the X11 RayTracer visualization driver? [n]

Enter:

y

This tells Geant4 that you want to include the optional RayTracerX Visualization

driver.

问题回答完后,终端将显示如下内容:

WARNING: the generated configuration file

can be edited if necessary!

You can introduce any change to the configuration file

/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/.config/bin/Linux-g++/confi

before the final installation.

7

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

To do so, use a shell escape now (e.g. !vi

/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/.config/bin/Linux-g++/confi

).

Press [Enter] to start installation or use a shell escape to edit

:

如果你确实看到了以上内容,恭喜你,你马上就可以享受到一个愉快的安装之旅

了。

3.6安装GEANT4。

按下回车,开始安装。这时你将终端看到如下内容:

Now starting Geant4

On this machine the G4SYSTEM=Linux-g++

On this machine the G4INSTALL=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02

On this machine the G4TMP=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/tmp

On this machine the G4LIB=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/lib

On this machine the

G4LEVELGAMMADATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/Photo

nEvaporation2.0

On this machine the

G4RADIOACTIVEDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/Radi

oactiveDecay3.2

On this machine the

G4LEDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4EMLOW6.9

On this machine the

G4NEUTRONHPDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4NDL3

.13

On this machine the

G4ABLADATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4ABLA3.0

On this machine the CLHEP_BASE_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP

On this machine the

CLHEP_INCLUDE_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP/include

On this machine the CLHEP_LIB_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP/lib

On this machine the CLHEP_LIB=CLHEP

On this machine G4UI_NONE is not set - following UIs will be built:

On this machine G4VIS_NONE is not set - following drivers will

be built:

On this machine the G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER=1

On this machine the G4VIS_BUILD_RAYTRACERX_DRIVER=1

On this machine the G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX=1

On this machine the G4VIS_USE_RAYTRACERX=1

On this machine the XMFLAGS=

On this machine the XMLIBS=

On this machine the XMFLAGS=

8

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

On this machine the XAWFLAGS=

On this machine the XAWLIBS=

On this machine the G4LIB_BUILD_SHARED=1

************************************************************

Installation Geant4 version : geant4-09-03-patch-01

Copyright (C) 1994-2010 Geant4 Collaboration

************************************************************

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file

src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Removing library libG4globman.a ...

Removing library ...

Compiling ...

Compiling ...

Compiling ...

Compiling ...

当你看到以下内容的时候,我又要恭喜你,你的编译已经成功开始了。内容如下:

Compiling ...

9

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

3.7安装成功。

继续等上个40分钟左右,如果你看到以下内容的话,恭喜你,

你的Geant4至此已经安装成功了。当然你不必坐在电脑前干等,插上电源线,

乘机去洗个衣服或吃个饭什么的都行。^_^~

Building library management utility liblist ...

Libraries installation completed !

####################################################

# Your Geant4 installation seems to be successful!

# To be sure please have a look into the log file:

#

/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/.config/bin/Linux-g++/g4mak

####################################################

四、运行应用程序

4.1创建G4脚本。

命令如下:

./Configure

你将在终端看到如下内容:

--- Geant4 Toolkit Installation ---

(setting environments for USER )

---------------------------------------------------

The Geant4 toolkit installation was found.

The files env.[c]sh will be copied to your current directory.

For setting Geant4 environments you should make:

source

or

.

It will also check G4WORKDIR setting and set it to

your HOME if needed.

You can use these files also for further modifications

(adding your own environments).

这样,你将在~/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02目录下看到和两个文件。

4.2创建G4工作目录。

命令如下:

export G4WORKDIR=~/g4work

10

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

4.3把应用程序复制到你的工作文件夹。

这里选择A01。命令如下:

cp -r ~/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/examples/extended/analysis/A01

$G4WORKDIR/A01

4.4配置应用程序运行环境。

注意,每次在一个新终端运行应用程序时你都

应该做这一步。命令如下:

export G4WORKDIR=~/g4work

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/CLHEP/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

source ~/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/

你将在终端看到如下内容:

On this machine the G4SYSTEM=Linux-g++

On this machine the G4INSTALL=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02

On this machine the G4LIB=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/lib

On this machine the

G4LEVELGAMMADATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/Photo

nEvaporation2.0

On this machine the

G4RADIOACTIVEDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/Radi

oactiveDecay3.2

On this machine the

G4LEDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4EMLOW6.9

On this machine the

G4NEUTRONHPDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4NDL3

.13

On this machine the

G4ABLADATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/G4ABLA3.0

On this machine the

G4REALSURFACEDATA=/u/ey/perl/geant4/geant4.9.3.p02/data/Real

Surface1.0

On this machine the CLHEP_BASE_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP

On this machine the

CLHEP_INCLUDE_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP/include

On this machine the CLHEP_LIB_DIR=/u/ey/perl/geant4/CLHEP/lib

On this machine the CLHEP_LIB=CLHEP

On this machine the G4UI_USE_TCSH=1

On this machine the G4VIS_BUILD_OPENGLX_DRIVER=1

On this machine the G4VIS_BUILD_RAYTRACERX_DRIVER=1

On this machine the G4VIS_USE_OPENGLX=1

On this machine the G4VIS_USE_RAYTRACERX=1

On this machine the XMFLAGS=

On this machine the XMLIBS=

On this machine the XMFLAGS=

On this machine the XMLIBS=

11

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

On this machine the XAWFLAGS=

On this machine the XAWLIBS=

On this machine the G4LIB_BUILD_SHARED=1

4.5编译程序。

进入你的应用程序文件夹编译程序。命令如下:

cd $G4WORKDIR/A01

make

你将在终端看到如下内容:

beginning with:

Making dependency for file ...

Making dependency for file

src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

Making dependency for file src/ ...

And ending with:

Creating/replacing object files in

/u/ey/perl/g4work/tmp/Linux-g++/A01app/libA01app.a ...

Compiling ...

Using granular libraries ...

Linking A01app ...

... Done!

4.6运行生成的可执行文件。

命令如下:

$G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/A01app

你将在终端看到如下内容:

starts with:

************************************************************

Geant4 version Name: geant4-09-03-patch-01 (9-April-2010)

Copyright : Geant4 Collaboration

Reference : NIM A 506 (2003), 250-303

WWW : /geant4

************************************************************

Visualization

Visualization

Registering

You have successfully registered the following graphics systems.

Current available graphics systems are:

ASCIITree (ATree)

DAWNFILE (DAWNFILE)

G4HepRep (HepRepXML)

G4HepRepFile (HepRepFile)

RayTracer (RayTracer)

VRML1FILE (VRML1FILE)

12

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

VRML2FILE (VRML2FILE)

gMocrenFile (gMocrenFile)

OpenGLImmediateX (OGLIX)

OpenGLStoredX (OGLSX)

RayTracerX (RayTracerX)

And ends with:

EMcalorimeterPhysical[0] EMcalorimeterLogical 1 CsI

cellPhysical[-1] cellLogical 0 CsI /EMcalorimeter

HadCalorimeterPhysical[0] HadCalorimeterLogical 1 Lead

HadCalColumnPhysical[-1] HadCalColumnLogical 1 Lead

HadCalCellPhysical[-1] HadCalCellLogical 1 Lead

HadCalLayerPhysical[-1] HadCalLayerLogical 1 Lead

HadCalScintiPhysical[0] HadCalScintiLogical 0

Scintillator /HadCalorimeter

Idle>

4.7打开视窗,查看你定义的几何模型。

即在“Idle>”后输入以下命令:

/vis/open OGLIX

/vis/drawVolume

你将在一个新窗口看到如下图形

4.9查看粒子径迹和粒子碰撞过程。

即在终端继续输入如下命令:

/vis/scene/add/trajectories

/vis/scene/add/hits

/run/beamOn 1

你将在图像窗口看到以下图像(可能会稍微有点不同)

13

继往开来,勇攀高峰,在21世纪努力把西安交通大学建设成世界一流大学。

4.10 运行完毕,退出。

命令如下:

exit

五、结束语

文章是别人的,机子却是自己的。还是有问题,那就百度一下吧,百度不知的话

谷歌知。当然,网上的好些论坛上也潜伏着不少热心的高人,在注意网络礼节的

前提下,尽管问吧。Enjoy yourself ! ^_^…

推荐论坛:/forum

Copyleft@

2011年1月18日

14


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