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The Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also called Global Goals, are a
proposed set of targets relating to futureinternational development. They are to
replace the Millennium Development Goals once those expire at the end of
SDGs were first formally discussed at the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 (Rio+20).
On 19 July 2014, the UN General Assembly's Open Working Group on
Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) forwarded a proposal for the SDGs to the
Assembly. The proposal contained 17 goals with 169 targets covering a broad
range of sustainable development issues. These included
ending poverty and hunger, improving health and education, making cities more
sustainable, combating climate change, and protecting oceans and forests. On 4
December 2014, the UN General Assembly accepted the Secretary-General's
Synthesis Report which stated that the agenda for the post-2015 SDG process
would be based on the OWG proposals.
Background
Up to 2015, the development agenda was centered on the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), which were officially established following the
Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000. The MDGs encapsulated eight
globally agreed goals in the areas of poverty alleviation, education, gender
equality and empowerment of women, child and maternal health, environmental
sustainability, reducing HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases, and building a
global partnership for development.
The MDGs were supposed to be achieved by 2015, so a further process was
needed to agree and develop development goals from 2015-2030. Discussion on
the post-2015 framework for international development began well in advance.
Formal debate concerning the SDGs first occurred at the 2012 United Nations
conference in Rio de Janeiro. The 192 UN member states agreed at the Rio+20
summit to start a process of designing sustainable development goals, which are
“action-oriented, concise and easy to communicate, limited in number,
aspirational, global in nature and universally applicable to all countries while
taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of
development and respecting national policies and priorities”.
The Rio+20 outcome document, “The Future We Want”, called for the goals
to be integrated into the UN’s post-2015 Development Agenda.
This included the following goals:
poverty in all its forms everywhere.
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture.
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all.
e gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all.
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation.
inequality within and among countries.
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development.
t, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at
all levels.
then the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development. (wikipedia)
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