英语的英标,发音规则及练习

26个字母发音规律

a /ei/ name cake table

/æ/ apple cat map am

/α: / want dance

/o/ what watch

b /b/ book big bag box

c /k/ cat cake cup clock car

/s/ face nice pencil books

d /d/ desk doll dog dad

e /i:/ he she meet me

/e/ elephant egg bed pen

f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan

g /ɡ/ gun glass glad glove

/dз / age orange

h /h/ hat he house hand

i /ai / fine bike five ice

/i/ is sit miss pig picture

j / dз / jeep jam jacket jar

k /k/ kite cake black thank

l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp

/l/ apple bowl tell old

m /m/ am map my mouth milk

n /n/ no know new hand

o /əu / old home nose coke

/o/ dog not clock box

/∧ / son month mother love

p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple

q /kw / quite quilt quick

r /r/ red radio brother racket

s /s/ sit miss this smile books

/z/ nose those rose rulers

t /t/ it sit not that table little

u /ju: / use usually excuse

/∧ / bus us sun duck

/ u / put pull push

V /v / five vase very seven

w /w/ we window watch want

x /ks / box six fox

y /ai / my fly why bye

/ j / yes yellow

/ i / happy baby very

Z / z / zoo zero

元音组合

ai

ay

air

al

ar

ea

ear

/ei/

/ei/

/εə /

/o: /

/α: /

/i:/

/e/

/ iə /

/ iə /

wait paint

may play day say

air hair chair

tall small ball

farther farm car arm

meat please tea read

head bread ready

theater

ear hear near

/ εə / bear

/ ə: / earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep

eir / εə /

er / ə /

/ ə: /

ere /i ə /

/εə /

ew /ju: /

/u: /

ight /ai /

ir /ə: /

oa /əu /

their

work teacher

her

here

where there

new few

flew grew

right high bright

bird girl shirt thirty

boat coat

ong /oŋ / long song

oo /u/ book foot good

/u:/ moon balloon

or / :/

/ə: /

oor /o: /

ore /o:/

ou / au /

our /o: /

/auə /

ow / əu /

/au /

oy /oi/

short fork port

word world work

door floor

more store sore

out house mouth

four your

our

bowl window

now cow flower

boy toy

ur / ə: / turn

辅音组合

Th /θ/ thank mouth

/ δ/

tr /tr/

dr /dr/

sh /∫/

ch /t∫/

/ k /

/ dз/

tw /tw/

wh /w/

/h/

this that with

tree train truck

dress driver

shirt wash short

child chair catch

school Christmas

sandwich

two twin twenty

white wheel what

who whose whom

ts /ts/ jackets kites

ds /dz/ birds

x: 这个字母跟f,l,m,n,s,z一样同属限音/e/一族，什么叫限音/e/呢，就是这些字母的读音都含有

/e/,限音的意思就是这些字母在组成单词的时候，发音要去掉/e/，比如x这个字母的发音是/eks/，那

么在它组合单词的时候，发间就变成了/ks/。同样的，其它几个限音/e/一族也遵循着这个规律。（当然

有时会有浊化音的产生，比如说s的读音为/es/，在单词中有时会读成/s/，有时则会浊化为/z/）。

c: 这个字母大家很熟悉，它在单词中大多发/k/和/s/两种音，在这里我要说的是，c这个字母在

a,o.u的前面多发/k/，在e,i,y前多发/s/。

下面介绍一个很有用的发音组合就是：

元音+辅音+不发音的e。

这个规则的意思有两点：1、当一个组合是由元音+辅音+字母e组合的时候，那么这个字母e在

其中不发音。2、在这个组合中，元音字母通常都读字母的本身音。如:use,excuse等。

m: 这个字母多发两个音，由于音标是一样的，所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分，那么在这里只

需记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m这个字母发何种音，这个单词就是mum，很简单，

m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。

y: 这个字母号称半元音。它在组合单词的时候一共有三种发音，分别是/j/,/ai/,/i/。当y在词首的

时候，它发/j/，如yes,yard,yet等。当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况：1、当单词中没有

元音的时候，y发/ai/，如my,fly.2、在单词中已经含有元音的时候，y发音为/i/,如family,sorry.

ar: 这个是比较常见的字母组合，它在单词中通常都发音为/a:/,如,car,pardon.

1． 字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.

2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).

3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读

做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).

4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼

读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).

5． 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).

6． 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).

7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的

单词末尾的e不发音)

尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)

7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..

7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.

7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.

7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.

7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri

女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.

7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是

fals).

7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye

7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.

7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe

8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.

Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.

另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.

9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需

要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个

音/ks/.

10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要

将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末

尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).

11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的

e.(come----coming)

12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor,

weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure.

Plus: either weird protein heifer:

13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对

不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).

14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和

根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如

infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial

music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial

soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient

cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial

15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个

s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.

discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion

16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.

17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这

条规则, 如re cess

18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)

19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)

20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.

21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).

22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).

23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).

24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加

-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.

city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est

multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied

25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).

26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.

27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated);

基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)

28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)],

重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.

1 元音:

1) [i:] 字母组合: ee ea e ie

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)

eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please(ea)

he she me(e)

piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)

2) [i] 发音字母 i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss

myth many twenty happy dictionary

defect decide delicious

3) 发音字母 a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a

head bread pleasure

elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes

many any

5) [ε:] 字母组合 ir ur ear er or

girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

learn earn earth heard

term her nerd serve

work worm work world

6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder

doctor actor mayor author tractor

delicious gracious

pleasure familiar

collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around

account ago

elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen

famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a

car farm card arm garden

fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [ ] 发音字母 u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

come mother dose brother love above

trouble rough flourish

blood flood

9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar aw

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn

four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

draw saw flaw

10) [ ] 发音字母 o a

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not

want wash

11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u

food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth

shoe do two

true truth blue full

12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u

look good foot book

should could

put full bull pull push

woman wolf

13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April

play say may way

great break

rain paint plain

they grey

14) [ai] 发音字母 i y

bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye

15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse

flower down now cow how town

16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa

home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow

boat coat goal

17) [ ] 字母组合 oy oi

boy toy joy

oil soil voice choice

18) [iε] 字母组合 eer

beer deer ear idea near here fierce

19) [ ] 字母组合 ear air

pear bear chair air fair care there where

20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower

[ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]

2 容易混淆的元音

[ ] [e]

bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said

[i：] [ei]

real rail greet great mean main read raid

[e] [ai]

bet bite red write said side head hide

[aU] [ ]

house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn

[aU] [ ]

found fond down done gown gone town ton

3辅音

1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b] book big boot bike bread break

3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city

4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)

card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)

fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)

school schedule schema (字母组合ch)

6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language

7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb

8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk

sing king morning evening

10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black

world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write

12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife （字母f）

cough laugh rough（字母gh）

physic photo phone (ph)

13) [v] very evening even every voice vest( 字母v)

of (字母f)

14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)

license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)

licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)

15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)

close nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)

16) [ ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

17) [ ] that this those these though

18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)

nation attention station

social special

sure

19) [ ] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who

21) [w] when what where window wind wood

22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

23) [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）

catch watch match （字母组合tch)

24) [ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

joy enjoy join July June junk

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v] [w]

vest west vet wet vine wine very well

[s] [ ]

sink think mass math miss myth sort sought

[z] [ ]

close cloth breeze breathe

[n] [ ]

thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

5 字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a [ei] [æ] [ ] [a:] [ ]

late private grade bake grape nation station page

active hand bank fan parent family glad flag

accept about above formative machine cinema

fast last glass class past father

wash what watch want

2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音

appreciate extremely secret she me he

letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore

problem prosperous student confident

active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [i]

high price library ice cream wife size line

fist pick chicken piano fiancｅ city unit

4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

lode host cold note okay old home

lose do who whose prove

love some other mother honey company

today tomorrow together control collect

lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ]

university refuse unique universe huge

put push pull full bull

but brush bucket duck bubble

support suggest

6）c [k] [s]

country camp camera courage cable

city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7）g [g] [ ] [ ]

girl grade glass glade bag flag

village vegetable bridge gentleman gym

long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同

listen learn language collect English gorilla

world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [ ]

moon night noodle number

uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r] [ ](美语发音)

right read write grade progress

card board door floor form north

11）y [j] [i] [ai]

yellow year yell young yolk

university country pretty happy

dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [a:] [ ] [ ]

farm card garden mark

dollar

warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ]

cease season breathe feature meat please

bread breast breath meadow weather

great break

idea realize

14) ear [ ] [ ]

learn earth earn heard

hear near clear ear fear

15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]

deserve serve her person

teacher driver anger singer

serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [ ] [ ]

here mere fere sere

there

17) ir [ ] [ai]

shirt girl skirt

admire desire

18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [ ]

room tool cool moon noon goof food

good foot stood wood wool cook wood book

blood flood

door floor

19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]

short form corn born for

work world worm word worst

tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [ ] [ ]

door floor

moor poor boor

21) our [ ] [ ]

hour tour flour bourn lour

pour court four mourn

22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]

house mouth mouse sound found

enough trouble touch

delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [ ] [au]

window meadow know show low

now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s]

nose suppose gose lose pose rose

mouse house

25) th [W] [T]

thank think thought cloth

clothes that this then than

26) sion [ ] [ ]

propulsion tension progression passion

protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)

station nation translation attention

question

6关于语音的几个概念:

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音:

发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个

辅音.

开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine

2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello

闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head

2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant