新视野大学英语第二册unit3 words详解

第三单元

1. character

n.性格，特性；特点，特征；（汉）字，（书写、印刷）符号；（剧或书中的）人物，角

色

I choose my friends for their good characters.

我择友的标准是品格一定要好。

He described the character of the character he played with two Chinese

characters.

她用了两个汉字描绘他所扮演的角色的性格。

He has a weak character, but a winning personality.

他尽管性格脆弱，但却有着吸引人的个性。

2. characteristic

a. 特有的，典型的 n. 特征，特点

One may have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which

constitute one’s character.

一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征、特点，所有这些特征、特点便构成了

一个人总的特性、品质，即性格。

3. compromise

a. n.妥协；折中

She found that compromise was always the best way when she quarreled with

her mother.

她发现，与母亲争吵时让步总是最好的解决方法。

It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talk.

希望今天的会谈能达成妥协。

b. vi.相互让步，妥协；折中

The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready

to compromise.

雇主们要是不妥协，工人们就将为争取自己的福利而罢工。

c. vt. 危及，放弃（原则或理想等）

He has compromised himself by accepting money from them.

他因收了他们的钱而害了自己。

搭配：

compromise with sb. on sth.

在某事上向某人妥协

reach/come to a compromise over sth.

关于某事达成妥协/协议

4. involve

（VOLVO（富豪）汽车，原意：滚滚向前）—词根volve“卷，转”

involve(in-入)vt. 卷入

evolve（e-向外；向外回转）v. 进化

revolve(re-=again) v. （使）旋转

To accept the position you offered would involve my living in London.

若接受你提供的职位，我必然得住在伦敦。

5. involved

a. 参与的,有关的; 复杂的，混乱的

He became involved in a dispute.

他卷入了一场争论中。

We want all those who are interested to get involved.

我们想让所有感兴趣的人参与其中。

用法：

involved 做定语前置或后置时意义不同

the people involved 所涉及的人

the involved story 复杂的经历

6. subtle

a. not easy to notice or understand 微妙的，细微的

These two expressions only have a subtle difference in meaning.

这两个表达在语意上的差别很细微。

Her whole attitude had had a subtle change.

她的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。

a subtle observer 一位敏锐的观察者

拓展：

subtlety n. 微妙之处；微妙的差别；敏锐

subtly adv. 敏锐地，精细地，巧妙地

7. hatred

n. [U]痛恨，憎恨（hate的名词）

He looked at me with hatred.

他用憎恨的目光看着我。

搭配：

have a hatred for sb. 怨恨某人

have a hatred at sth. 憎恨某事

8. illusion

n. [C]幻觉,错觉,假象；幻想，错误的观念（或）信仰

I have no illusions about my ability.

我知道自己能力有限。

He cherished the illusion that sha loved him, but he was wrong.

他抱有她爱他的幻觉，但他错了。

He is under no illusion that he is always right.他有一种错觉，总以为自己是对的。

搭配：

cherish/harbor/entertain/have/hold an illusion/ illusions 对某事抱有幻想

have no illusion about

对··不抱幻想

be under no illusion about sth.

对某事不存幻想

cast away illusions 丢掉幻想

9. compatible

a.合得来的；情投意合的

The couple separated because they were not compatible.

这对夫妻因合不来而分手了。

Make sure you're compatible with him before you start sharing a house.

在你们合住之前你先要确定是否能和他和睦相处。

兼容的；配套的

The computer program isn't compatible with this operating system.

计算机程序与这套操作系统不兼容。

反义词：

incompatible a. 合不来的；不兼容的

I have never seen such an incompatible couple.

我从未见过这么合不来的夫妻。

The anti-virus software is incompatible with my computer system.

这个杀毒软件和我的计算机系统不兼容。 10. overlook

vt. 没注意到；忽略

He overlooked a spelling mistake on the first page.

他没有注意到第一页上的一处拼写错误。

I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now.

我之前忽视了这个问题，现在必须要着手解决它。

俯视；眺望

Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake.

她卧室的几扇大窗户正对着湖面。

The beach house had a balcony that overlooked the sea.

从那幢海边别墅的阳台能眺望大海。

宽容，宽恕

We’ll overlook what you’ve done in the past but you’d better watch out in

the future.

过去的事情既往不咎，以后你得注意。

辨异：overlook, ignore, neglect

overlook 常指由于匆忙或没注意到而忽视。

ignore指故意地不理睬某人、某物。

neglect 指未给某人或某事应有或足够的重视，可以是故意地，也可以是无意的。

11. expectation

n. [C, U] 期待；预料

There's no expectation of snow tonight.

今晚不会下雪。

Considering the problems he's had, there can be little expectation of his

winning the match.

考虑到他最近所遇到的问题，他在这场比赛中获胜是没有指望了。

搭配：

in expectation of 期待，期望

come up to one’s expectations 不辜负某人的希望

beyond expectation出乎预料

12. resistance

n.抵制；反对

The idea met with some resistance.

那个意见遭到了一些反对。

There's a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europe.

对欧洲统一的想法存在许多反对意见。

抵抗，对抗；(to) 抵抗力，耐力

They put up a passive resistance.

他们进行着消极的抵抗。

A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease.

良好的日常饮食可增强身体的抗病能力。

拓展：

resist v. 抵抗，抗拒

resistant a. 抵制的，有抵抗力的

13. supportive

a. helpful or encouraging 支持的；支援的

We should press ahead with all supportive reforms.

我们应该积极推进各项配套改革。

14. grand

a.表示“（亲戚关系）隔一代的”; 壮丽的,宏伟的; 重大的，主要的

grandchildren(外) 孙子 (女)

grandparents(外) 祖父母

A grand building marking the successful completion of the project adds to the

attraction of the place.

纪念这个工程圆满完成的宏伟建筑物使这地方更具魅力。

It is hardly surprising that the constant friction between grand aspiration and

uninspired reality produces cynicism among graduates.

伟大的抱负与平凡的现实间的不断摩擦造成了毕业生的玩世不恭，这不足为奇。

15. counsel

vt. /n. 劝告；忠告

He counseled them to give up the plan.

他劝他们放弃这个计划。

Some people counsel caution and patience.

有些人提出要耐心并谨慎行事。

Good counsel does no harm.

忠言有利无害。

用法：

counsel 与advice 一样为不可数名词，但较advice 正式、庄重、权威。

搭配：

keep one’s own counsel （将意见或计划）保密

counsel sb. to do sth. （当面）劝告某人做某事

counsel sb.’s doing （不当面）建议某人做某事

counsel about a problem 商讨问题

counsel with one’s friends 和朋友商量

counsel softly 婉言相劝

follow/seek sb.’s counsel 听从/征求某人的劝告/意见

拓展：

counseling n. 咨询服务

counselor n. 顾问，律师，辅导员

16. subsequent

a. 后来的；随后的

The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret.

第一次及其随后的所有访问全都保密。

He died during the subsequent year.

他于次年去世。

用法：

subsequent action/research

随后的行动/研究

subsequent events 后来发生的事

subsequent to 在……之后

拓展：

subsequently ad.后来；接着

subsequence n. 后继

相近词：

consequently “因此，所以”，表示因果关系。

subsequently “后来，接着”，表示动作的先后发生。

17. reservation

n. [C, U]存疑；保留；保留条件，限制条件

I support this measure without reservation.

我毫无保留/全力支持这项措施。

She had some about her new job.

她对新工作心存疑虑。

[C] 预订

We made a reservation for dinner at the restaurant.我们在这家饭店预定了晚餐。

I plan to leave on August 4, and have made my flight reservation for that date.

我打算8月4日离开，并已预订那天的机票。

搭配：

make reservations for 预定

without reservation(s) 毫无保留地，毫不犹豫地

cancel a reservation取消预定

seat reservation 座位预定

相近词辨析：

reservation“保留意见（态度）；预定的房间或坐席

p reservation [prezə'veɪʃ(ə)n]

“保护，维持；保藏，腌制”

conservation [kɒnsə'veɪʃ(ə)n]

“保存，保护；避免损失、浪费、破坏、损坏等”

These paintings were in an excellent state of p reservation.

这些画保存得非常好。

She is interested in wildlife conservation.

她对野生动物保护这个问题十分关心。

拓展：

reserve n. 储备（物），保留

v. 保留，流出，储备，预定

reserved adj. 缄默的，保留的，愉悦的

18. prejudice

n. [C] 偏见；成见

She has a prejudice against modern music.

她对现代音乐怀有偏见。

Many female college graduates are held back from some job opportunities by

prejudice.

许多女大学毕业生都由于歧视而失去了一些工作机会。

搭配：

get over/overcome prejudice 消除偏见

with prejudice带有偏见

social prejudice社会偏见

拓展：

prejudiced adj. 怀有偏见的

prejudicial adj. 引起偏见的

19. charm

vt. attract sb. 迷人；使陶醉

当这位绅士优雅地站起来并走过来邀我跳舞时，我被他深深地吸引了。

n. [U] 魅力；吸引力

She was a woman of great charm and she knew how to use it.

她是个很有魅力的女人，而且她知道怎样利用这种魅力。

It's a town with a lot of old-world charm.

这是个具有古老魅力的小镇。

charming

a. very pleasing or attractive 迷人的；有魅力的

The old woman lived in a charming house near the beach.

那位老妇人住在海边一幢漂亮的房子里。

He nodded to me with a charming smile.

他带着迷人的微笑朝我点了点头。

20. caring

a. kind and helpful toward other people 体贴的

a warm and caring man热心助人者

a caring attitude乐于助人的态度

21. indication

n. [C, U] 迹象

There are indications that the situation may be improving.

有迹象表明，形势可能会好转。

There are some indications that the prices will rise. 有迹象表明物价将上涨。

搭配：

give an indication 表示，露出迹象

a definite indication 一个明确的表示

hopeful indications 有希望的迹象

拓展:

indicate vt. 指出，显示；象征，预示

indicative adj.指示的，预示的

indicator n. 指示器

22. confirm

（助记：con加强意义+firm坚定，牢靠）

a firm faith 坚定的信仰

I’m confirmed in my faith. 我的信仰坚定。

vt. 证实；证明；确定

The announcement confirmed my suspicions.

这项通告证明了我的猜疑属实。。

v. 确认

I'd like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July.

我预订了7月1日一间双人房，想确认一下。

相近词辨析：

a. confirm, verify

confirm “证明，证实”，指给出证据以消除所有不确定的试探性的疑惑。

verify “检验，核实,查证”，指通过和原有的标准、事实等比较而得到的证实。

The bank refused to cash the check ubtil the signature was verified. ['sɪgnətʃə]

银行直到签字得到了确认才兑现了这张支票。

b. confirm，conform

巧记:

confirm中含有firm（坚定，牢靠），故表示“使坚定，证实”。

conform 中含有form(形式，式样)，故原义是“使（行为）与（规则，要求等）一个

（式）样”,从而译为“使顺应，遵守”。

拓展：

confirmation n. 证实，确认，批准

confirmative adj. 确定的，证实的

confirmd adj. 习惯的，根深蒂固的

23. suspect

vt. 猜疑（是），怀疑

Most people don't, I suspect, realize this.

我怀疑大部分人没有意识到这一点。

We all suspect yhe truth of the report.

我们队这份报告的真实性感到怀疑。。

n. [C] 嫌疑犯

The police have caught two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.

警方逮捕了两名涉嫌银行抢劫案的嫌疑犯。

adj. 可疑的，靠不住的，不可信的

His fitness is suspect,so we can’t risk including him in the team.

他的健康令人怀疑，所以我们不能保险接受他入队。

搭配：

suspect sb. to be …怀疑某人是··

suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人（做过）某事

suspect sb.’s motives 怀疑某人的动机

辨析：

doubt 指对某事的真实性或可能性表示怀疑，通常带有否定意义。

suspect 指猜想，怀疑某事可能是真实的或将会发生，带有肯定意味，该词常用于怀

疑某人犯了罪或做了坏事。

拓展：

suspicion n. 猜疑，怀疑

suspicious adj. 可疑的，怀疑的

24. harsh

a. 严厉的；苛刻的

His behavior met harsh criticism from his family.

他的行为遭到了家人的严厉批评。

That is a very harsh punishment to give a young child.

那样惩罚一个幼儿很残忍。

刺耳的

The noise is too harsh to the ear.

那种噪声十分刺耳。

25. hesitate

vi. 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑

Don’t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.

你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。

He who hesitates is lost.

当断不断，必受其患。

搭配：

做某事犹豫不决

hesitate to do sth.

hesitate in doing sth.

hesitate about/over (doing )sth.

派生词：

hesitant adj. 踌躇的，犹豫的

hesitatation n. 踌躇，犹豫

26. cancel

vt. 取消

The match had to be canceled because of bad weather.因为天气不好比赛只好取

消。

cancel a holiday/concert/meeting

取消假日/音乐会/会议

cancel an agreement/a contract/a subscription取消协议/合同/预订单

n. cancellation 取消，撤销

27. proceed

vi. 着手，继续进行；前进，行进

Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make critical

comments about the way I'd done it.

她说她很喜欢我做的这件事，可接着就批评起我做这件事的方式来。

Let's proceed to the next question.

现在讨论下一个问题。

He was allowed to proceed to an MA.

他获准攻读文学硕士学位。

搭配：

proceed to do sth. /to sth.继续进行某事

proceed with sth. 开始或继续做某事

proceed from 出于，发自于

28. quote

v. 引用；引述

She worked, to quote her daughter, "as if there was no tomorrow".

用她女儿的话讲，她工作起来“好像没有明天似的”。

He's always quoting from the Bible.

他总是引用《圣经》里的话。

Can you quote (me) an example of your viewpoint?

你能否（给我）举个例子来说明你的观点？

n. [C] 引语，引文

His words are in quotes.

他的话是加了引号的。

She finished her speech with a quote from Shakespeare.

她引用莎士比亚作品的一句话来结束自己的演说。

搭配：

be quoted as saying 援引··的话

派生词：

quotable adj. 可引用的；值得引用的

quotation n. 引用，引语

29．realistic

a. 实际的；现实的

Be realistic, you can't expect a big wage at 18.

要现实些，你不能指望18岁就能拿到高薪。

You have to be realistic about how long the job is going to take.

对这项工作要花多长时间你必须现实一些。

30. idealistic

a. believing in sth. firmly which is unlikely to come true 理想主义的；理想化的

Those people were especially idealistic.

这些人特别理想化。

You mustn't be too idealistic about what might happen in future.

对将来会发生什么你一定不能太理想化。

31. resolve

vt. 解决；解除

They made intensive efforts to resolve the dispute.他们全力以赴来解决这场纠纷。

决定；决心

The company resolved to take further action against thieves.

公司决定采取进一步的防盗措施。

She resolved that she would never see him again.她决心不再见他了。

搭配：

resolve an argument/a difficulty/a crisis

解决争端/困难/危机

resolve on/upon (doing) sth.

决定/决心（做）某事

resolve to do sth.(动作)决心做某事

be resolved to do sth.（状态）决心做某事

show/keep/break one’s resolve

表现出/持有/改变决心

派生词：

resolution n.坚定，决心

resolved adj. （指人）下定决心，坚定

make a resolution to do sth.

决定/决心做某事

短语：

1. ups and downs 盛衰；沉浮

Life is full of ups and downs.

人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。

He stuck by her through all life's ups and downs.

他始终不渝地陪伴她历尽了人生的荣辱

扩展：

up and down 一上一下，起伏地；来来回回，往返地

2. work out 以某种方式发展；产生结果

Things worked out quiet well.

事情的结局相当不错。

Is your new roommate working out OK?

你的新室友与你合得来吗？

弄懂，理解；计算（被）算出；解决

3. for a time 暂时；一度

You'll have your own office soon but for a time you'll have to share one.

不久你会有自己的办公室，不过你暂时还得与别人合用。

4. meet with 遭遇；遇到

She met with much kindness.

她得到许多好心的帮助。

They'd never met with such poor service before.

他们以前从未遇到过这么糟糕的服务。

5. all along 始终

I realized I had had it in my pocket all along.

我发现它一直就在我衣袋里。

She was kind to me all along.

她一直对我很好。

6. have nothing to do with 与...无关

In the evening he likes to read books which have nothing to do with his work.

晚上他喜欢看一些与工作无关的书籍。

He's a thief and a liar; I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.

他又偷东西又撒谎，我要是你，我才不跟他来往呢。

7. on the surface 表面上；外表上

The plan seems on the surface to be quite practical.

表面看来这个计划很切实可行。

On the surface, this seems like a difficult problem, but in fact there's an easy

solution to it.

表面看来，这问题似乎很难，但实际上答案很简单。

8. at one's worst

最差的时候；最糟糕的时候

I'm at my worst in the morning.

我早晨的时候感觉最不好。

This problem over delayed payment has shown him at his worst.

在拖延付款的问题上显示出他为人最糟糕的一面。

at one’s best/most effective

处于最佳/最有效的状态

9. learn of 获悉；听说

I'm sorry to learn of your illness.

得知你生病，我甚为难过。

We were shocked when we learned of his sudden death.

听到他突然去世的消息我们感到非常震惊。

10. take care of 负责,处理; 照看，照顾

Her secretary took care of all her appointments.

她的约会都由她的秘书负责安排。

All the travel plans have been taken care of.

所有旅行安排都处理好了。

11. proceed to do sth. 接着做某事