(NEW)首都师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年真题及详

目　录

2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2014年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2015年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Part I. Proofreading and Error Correction (1*10 POINTS, 15 MINUTES)

Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each numbered line

contains ONE error, in which only ONE word is involved. Identify each error

and correct it in the following way: copy the wrong word on your ANSWER

SHEET and then write down the correct one. Make sure that you write your

answers on the ANSWER SHEET!

【答案与解析】

1．couragement→courage

（“勇气”的表达为“courage”。）

2．crops→crop

（crop rotation为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。）

3．than→to

（superior to为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比……优越”，虽然有比较的意

思，但是不能与than搭配。）

4．exist→existence

（in existence现有的，为固定搭配。）

5．more→more

（easy的比较级为easier，不能用more easier。）

6．the→a

（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。文中并没有提到过关于他

是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。）

7．completed→complete

（completed强调被动含义，然而文中并不需要强调被动，因此应改为

complete。）

8．discovering→discovered

（这句话用了被动语态，因此discover应该用被动形式。）

9．declaration→Declaration

（Declaration of Independence为独立宣言，首字母需大写。）

10．him→his

（完整表达应该是“the task of writing it was his task”，第二个task可以省

略。）

Part II. Vocabulary and grammar (1*20 POINTS, 25 MINUTES)

Directions: From the four words or phrases under each sentence，choose the

one that best suits the blank in each sentence.

11．The explanation given by the congressman yesterday was not at all

_____ to us.

A. satisfy

B. satisfied

C. satisfactory

D. satisfying

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们对昨天国会议员给出的解释一点儿也不满意。sth.

be satisfactory to sb.某事令某人满意。

12．Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be_____ through

education.

A. ignored

B. exalted

C. eradicated

D. canceled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：助长种族主义的原始迷信必须通过教育根除。eradicate

根除，消灭。exalt提升；赞扬。

13．The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the athlete’s

body,_____ to the body.

A. the stress it is greater

B. greater is the stress

C. greater stress is

D. the greater the stress

【答案】D

【解析】句意：地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车承受的压力就

越大。本题考查的是固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”，且根据the

surface of the ground可以判断stress前也应该有the。

14．Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is

equal to the probability that it will not occur.

A. occurring

B. to occur

C. occurs

D. occur

【答案】B

【解析】句意：经过大量实验，某件事发生的概率与其不会发生的概率

相同。动词不定式做定语,相当于“that will occur”,与后面的“that it will

not occur”相呼应，表示未发生的事。

15．Sadly, while the translation industry thrives, the practice of translation

continues to _____ .

A. stack

B. stage

C. stagnate

D. stamp

【答案】C

【解析】句意：令人遗憾的是，虽然翻译行业蓬勃发展，但是翻译实践

仍然停滞不前。stagnate停滞。stack堆积。stamp跺脚；捣碎。

16．Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative

frame of _____ with the result that they would not be able to accept your

proposal.

A. mind

B. idea

C. intention

D. wish

【答案】A

【解析】句意：其他人会因你对纠纷的迟钝处理心情不佳，从而不会接

受你的提议。frame of mind心情。常用in a good/positive/negative frame

of mind。

17．Home to _____ and gangsters, high-rank officials and low-wage

laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that

reflected all the hues of the human character.

A. magnates

B. magnets

C. machines

D. magnitudes

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这座城市正处于鼎盛时期，是权贵和歹徒、高级官员和

廉价劳动力、难民与艺术家的容身之处，这座城市是一个反映人生百态

的大都市。magnate大亨；权贵。magnet磁铁。magnitude大小；量级。

18．Her _____ behavior made everyone nervous. She was always rushing to

open doors and apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that she

might have caused.

A. oblivious

B. observant

C. obsequious

D. obsolescent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：每个人都对她的奉承行为感到不安。她总是抢着开门

你，而且总是为她可能造成的不便进行不必要的道歉。obsequious谄媚

的。oblivious遗忘的。observant善于观察的。obsolescent荒废的。

19．In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply,

clearly, and concisely_____ the reader wants to know.

A. what

B. That

C. so that

D. which

【答案】A

【解析】句意：为了得到所需信息，你应该简洁、清楚而又准确地写出

读者们想要知道的。空格处的词既做主句的宾语，又做从句的主语，因

而应选what。

20．He was completely _____ by her tale of hardship.

A. taken away

B. taken down

C. taken in

D. taken up

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他完全被她的苦难故事所欺骗。take in领会；欺骗。

take down记下；拆卸。

21．The general _____ everyone else for his lack of success with any

assigned task.

A. accused

B. blamed

C. complained

D. charged

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：将军因不能自己完成指定

任务而指责其他每个人。blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人。accuse sb. of

指责某人做某事。

22．I shall _____ the loss of my wallet in the newspaper, with a reward for

the finder.

A. announce

B. publish

C. advertise

D. inform

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将在报纸上登广告找我的钱

包，捡到者将有奖励。advertise有“(在电视、报刊等)公告、公布”的意

思。

23．The designer went ahead with his unpopular scheme, _____ to hostile

criticism.

A. opposed

B. indifferent

C. sensitive

D. unaware

【答案】B

【解析】句意：设计师继续沿用他那不受欢迎的计划，不在乎恶意批

评。indifferent to不在乎。

24．The teacher was _____ to his trading of home assignments and his

treatment of offenders.

A. lenient

B. merciful

C. pitiful

D. sympathetic

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于他的家庭作业交易和他对待冒犯者的方式，老师的

处理十分仁慈。be merciful to对……仁慈。be sympathetic to对……同

情。lenient仁慈的。pitiful可怜的，令人同情的。

25．The snake _____ smoothly through the luxuriant grass.

A. crept

B. crouched

C. strolled

D. glided

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这条蛇顺利地爬过了茂盛的草地。creep爬行；蠕动。

crouch蹲伏。stroll散步。glide滑翔。

26．On labor Day the workers will march in _____ through the town.

A. process

B. procession

C. progress

D. procedure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：劳动节那天工人们将排队穿过小镇行进。in procession

列队。

27．One problem the local authorities have to deal with is the _____ of the

thousands

of tons of garbage spewed from homes and factories.

A. disposal

B. dispersal

C. disposition

D. disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当地政府必须处理的一个问题是如何处置来自住宅与工

厂的成千上万吨的垃圾。disposal多指垃圾等的处理。garbage disposal垃

圾处理。disposition指事务的处理。dispersal散布。

28．It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in

their lives, _____ the main focus of social psychology

A. that is

B. that are

C. which is

D. which are

【答案】A

【解析】本句是一个强调句。句意：社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之

间的互动，而不是他们生活中发生的事。

29．Our urge to classify different life forms and give _____ seems to be as

old as the human race.

A. us name

B. them name

C. us names

D. them names

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们将不同生命形式进行分类并命名的欲望似乎同人类

历史一样久。

30．_____ ,his wife was happy to see him back.

A. After traveling 4 weeks on sea

B. After he traveled 4 weeks on sea

C. After 4 weeks’ sea traveling

D. After his 4 weeks’ sea traveling

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他在海上航行四周以后回到了家，他的妻子十分开心。

根据句意可知，逗号前后主语不一致，因此逗号前须另带主语，构成独

立主格结构。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。选

项A和C没有另带主语he，因此不正确。B选项中traveled应改为

traveling。D选项为名词短语作状语。

Part III. Reading Comprehension (1*30 POINTS, 80 MINUTES )

There are Five passages in this section. Read each passage and answer the

questions given at the end of each passage. Please write your answer on the

ANSWER SHEET!

Passage I

Poor people—the destitute, disease ridden and malnourished “bottom

billion”-live in poor countries. That has been the central operating

assumption of the aid business for a decade.

The thesis was true in 1990: then, over 90% of the world’s poor lived in the

world’s poorest places. But it looks out of date now. Andy Sumner of

Britain’s Institute of Development Studies reckons that almost three-quarters

of the 13 billion-odd people existing below the $125 a day poverty line now

live in middle-income countries. Only a quarter live in the poorest states

(mostly in Africa).

This change reflects the success of developing countries in hauling

themselves out of misery. In 1998 the World Bank classified 61 countries

(out of 203) as low-income (meaning an annual income per head of less than

$760, in money of that era). In 2009 the number had shrunk to 39 out of 220

India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Nigeria all moved to middle-income status

during that time (China passed the threshold earlier). But even excluding

China and India, the share of global poverty accounted for by other middle-

income countries tripled between 1990 and 2008, to 22%. Other figures

support Mr. Sumner’s finding. Of the world’s undersized children (a good

indicator of malnutrition), 70% live in middle-income countries.

In one sense it hardly matters to a destitute Nigerian or Indian that his

country has been reclassified by some distant development bank. But it raises

hard questions about whether foreign aid should be for poor people or poor

countries. Britain, for example, has a rule that 90% of aid is supposed to go to

the poorest countries. Aid charities strongly support that focus. The result, as

taxpayers’ money runs scarce, is that donors have consigned programmes in

middle-income countries to a “bonfire” says Alex Evans, a former adviser at

Britain’s Department for International Development. Yet these are the

countries where the vast majority of the poor live.

On September 29th, Bob Zoellick of the World Bank called for a profound

“change in how we conduct development research”. President Barack Obama

wants a rethink of America’s muddled aid programme. Mr. Sumner’s data

make that look overdue. Poverty, he says, may be turning from being an

international distribution problem into a national one. Most middle-income

countries, through national conditional-cash-transfer schemes such as

Brazil’s Bolsa Familia, have proved better at helping their own poor than

anything invented and financed by the international aid industry. Giving is

easy. Thinking can be a lot harder.

31．Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “destitute” in

Paragraph 1?

A. miserable

B. impoverished

C. unfortunate

D. disastrous

32．The figures in the first three paragraphs show_____

A. developing countries now rid themselves of poverty

B. the relation between poor countries and poor people

C. poor people now do not live in poor countries

D. although many developing countries are not listed in low-income countries

as before, they are still where most poor people live

33．What is the problem that exists in today’s charity implied in Paragraph

4?

A. It is hard to tell whether foreign aid should be for poor people or poor

countries.

B. Foreign aid may not go to the majority of the poor people who live in the

middle-income countries.

C. With less taxpayers’ money donors will abandon some charity

programmes.

D. Poor people don’t live in the poorest countries.

34．The last paragraph implies _____

A. it’s easy to donate but difficult to work out the best aid programme to help

the poor people

B. international aid programmes should be cancelled

C. national aid programmes are better than international schemes

D. it is too late to rethink the muddled aid programmes

35．A suitable title for the passage would be _____

A. Poor People and Poor Countries

B. Classifying Developing Countries

C. Measuring Global Poverty

D. Global Aid Programmes

【答案与解析】

31．B destitute的意思为“穷困的”。impoverished穷困的。miserable悲惨

的。disastrous灾难性的。

32．C 根据前三段可知，目前贫困人口有近四分之三生活在中等收入国

家（发达国家）。只有四分之一生活在最贫穷的国家，这一变化反映了

发展中国家摆脱苦难的成功。因此C选项（穷人现在不在贫穷的国家生

活）符合题意。

33．C 根据第四段中“The result, as taxpayers’ money runs scarce, is that

donors have consigned programmes in middle-income countries to a

‘bonfire’”可知，随着纳税者的钱减少，导致捐助中等收入国家的方案付

之一炬。C选项意思是“由于纳税人的钱减少，捐赠者将放弃一些慈善项

目。”，符合题意。

34．A 根据最后一段最后一句“Giving is easy. Thinking can be a lot

harder.”可知，选项A正确。

35．A 本文介绍了穷人越来越多地存在与中等收入国家，而不是贫困国

家。由此出现了外国援助应该用于贫困国家还是贫困人口的问题。后两

段介绍了英国和美国对于这一问题的看法。因此A选项“贫困人口与贫困

国家”符合题意。

Passage II

To most people, vampires exist in old stories and horror movies, not in

reality. However, as is true for many legends, this one may have a basis in

fact. Interestingly, it is modem medical science—not Hollywood—that is

giving vampires new life.

According to neurologist Dr. Juan Gomez-Alonso, the monster made famous

by the novel Dracula can be explained, at least in part, by a simple disease:

rabies. Examining historical records from Europe, Gomez-Alonso discovered

that a major outbreak of rabies struck Europe’s dogs and wolves in the 1700s.

After reviewing the records, he noticed that reports of vampirism frequently

occurred at the same time as the animal infections. To the doctor, this

connection was more than a coincidence.

Researching the disease, Gomez-Alonso found something shocking: in

humans, rabies produces symptoms that mirror the characteristics of

vampires. For instance, about 25 percent of rabid men are known to try to

bite other people, especially when in close quarters with them. In addition,

rabies makes victims sensitive to strong stimulation. As a result, a rabid

person would find sunlight or a shiny mirror painful to see. (12)Such

symptoms clearly resemble the legendary vampire’s fear of daylight and

mirrors. (13)Similarly, the strong scent of garlic—believed to repel vampires

—would be agonizing to a rabid person.

As rabies progresses, sufferers display other symptoms consistent with

vampire traits. For example, rabid people have the frightening tendency to

bare their teeth and produce bloody froth at the mouth. A person with this

frothing resembles the popular image of the “undead” creature with blood

dripping from his fangs. Furthermore, because a sufferer of rabies would

prefer silence and darkness, he would increasingly become more active at

night. (18)As a result, his appearance—especially to uneducated,

superstitious people—could very easily be associated with other “evil”

nocturnal creatures, such as wolves and bats.

In short, Gomez-Alonso believes that what people in the 1700s thought to be

vampirism might simply have been rabies. Though witnesses misdiagnosed

what they saw, the superstitions they created did contain some truth. The idea

that a vampire could spread his condition to others by biting them is accurate,

since rabies is carried through saliva. And if people really did want to scare a

rabid person away, sunlight, garlic, and shiny mirrors could actually work. Of

course, so would the threat of a wooden stake in the heart!

36．In Paragraph 2, the author implies that the doctor believed _____

A. rabies could make humans become vampires

B. vampire monsters did, in fact, exist at this time

C. all reports about rabies and vampires were false

D. there was a connection between rabies and the vampire reports

37．The relationship between Sentences 12 and 13 in Paragraph 3 is one of

_____

A. comparison

B. contrast

C. illustration

D. cause and effect

38．According to the passage, both rabies victims and vampires._____

A. gain power from the morning sun

B. tend to bare their teeth

C. like to prey on children more than any other victims

D. love garlic

39．The word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 4 means_____

A. daytime

B. tame

C. lively

D. nighttime

40．The author suggests in Sentence 18, Paragraph 4 that_____

A. people enjoyed having bats and wolves near their homes

B. most people in Europe were unafraid of creatures that lived in the dark

C. if people were more educated about rabies, the vampire legend might not

have developed

D. most people in Europe in the 1700s were highly educated

41．The author’s main purpose is to_____

A. entertain readers with gory descriptions of vampires and their victims

B. persuade readers that vampires still exist and are to be feared

C. inform readers about the likely connection between rabies and vampires

D. introduce Dr. Juan Gomez-Alonso5s achievements

【答案与解析】

36．D 由第二段可知，在欧洲，关于吸血鬼的报道经常与狂犬病爆发的

时间相同。因此其二者之间可能有某种联系，D选项正确。

37．A 根据两句之间的连接词“similarly”可知，二者相互对照，因此A选

项正确。

38．B 根据倒数第二段，患狂犬病的人与吸血鬼有一些共同的特点，比

如“have the frightening tendency to bare their teeth”，因此B选项正确。

39．D 后面例子中狼和蝙蝠都是夜间活动的动物，因此“nocturnal”的意

思应为“夜间的”。

40．C 由（18）句可知，狂犬病人的外表——特别是对未受教育、迷信

的人——很容易与其他“邪恶”夜行动物(如狼和蝙蝠)联系在一起。因此

如果人们受到更多关于狂犬病的教育，吸血鬼传说可能就不会发展起来

了。所以C选项符合题意。

41．C 本文介绍了吸血鬼与狂犬病之间的联系，二者的相同症状，指

出“吸血鬼”可能是感染了狂犬病的人。因此C选项正确。

Passage III

The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued.

Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major

devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various

traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus

harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are

closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to

have been read or chanted to a harpist’s accompaniment; the verb used in

Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the

noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the

songs of the troubadours.

The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or

Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric

poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still

essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be

“Gerontion”, or “Hound Dog”, our criteria for evaluating the work must

remain the same.

The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant

lyrics in a popular song is that the writer is faithful to his own personal vision

or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry

are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can

preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either

because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or

critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem’s vision-on pain of

writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers

of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal

vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile

compliance to popular taste.

42．According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music

_____

A. can be made but in a limited way

B. is a debatable topic

C. needs to be acknowledged more by poets

D. is indisputable if you analyze history

43．The author cites Beowulf in order to show that _____

A. a song like Beowulf cm sound like a poem

B. the distance between song and poetry is not so great

C. songs generally evolve into poetry over time

D. English poetry is highly connected to songs

44．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated.

B. Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.

C. The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry.

D. It is the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.

45．A poem or a song can be significant when _____

A. the writer has a personal vision of the poem or song

B. it is done by a faithful writer

C. it is written within the vision of the poem, song, poet or songwriter

D. the writer is willing to go outside of the vision

46．The author focuses on _____ in the passage.

A. the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetry

B. the origins of songs and poems

C. how to evaluate a poem and a song’s value from a lyrical standpoint

D. the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre ones

【答案与解析】

42．D 根据文章第一段，“The close relationship between poetry and music

scarcely needs to be argued.”因此诗歌与音乐自古就密不可分。D选项正

确。

43．D 本文第一段从历史角度说明诗歌与音乐密切相关，其中，举《贝

奥武夫》的例子是为了说明本段主题，即英国诗歌与歌曲联系紧密。因

此D项为正确答案。

44．B 从第二段“The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a

popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry.”可知，诗歌与

歌曲的歌词本质相同。因此B项为正确答案。

45．C 由第三段第一句可知，有意义的诗歌和流行歌曲的歌词二者最为

重要的前提都是，作者忠于自己的审美或者所写诗歌的境界。因此C项

为正确答案。

46．A 本文介绍了诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系，主要涉及二者共同的重

要评价标准。因此A项为正确答案。

Passage IV

Con men may outsmart people, but they have little originality. They usually

rely on well-established cons known for their success in tricking gullible

people. “The Shell Game” and “the Spanish Prisoner” are two old confidence

tricks that have been updated by con men in the modem world. "

Created in the Middle Ages, “the Shell Game” is used to trick people into

foolishly betting their money. First, the con man puts a pea under one of three

shells. He then moves the shells around in a simple fashion, and asks a

bystander which shell the pea is under. The answer seems obvious. However,

while the con man is asking, he skillfully moves the pea to a different shell.

When the bystander loses money, several of the con man’s collaborators, or

shills, show the bystander that winning is “easy,” and that he should continue

to bet until he makes money. A modernized version of this same trick, called

the “Three Card Monty,” is now performed with face cards all around the

world. The only difference is that in this version, the victim is asked to find

the Queen card instead of a pea.

“The Spanish Prisoner” is a confidence trick that relies on a bystander’s

greed. In the traditional trick, a con man approaches a stranger and tells him

of a desperate situation. A very wealthy man has been imprisoned in Spain

under a false name, he says. If the stranger can maintain secrecy, he will be

allowed to contribute money towards the prisoner’s release which will result

in a very handsome reward. Of course, after the gullible victim presents the

money, the con man takes off and is never heard from again. A modem

version of this trick called the “Nigerian Money Transfer Con” solicits

victims’ help through mass e-mails. People are asked to deposit money into

an account that will be used to free the assets of a wealthy foreigner and

result in a large reward. Once a victim responds, he or she may be strung

along and asked to make continued deposits into the account until the victim

cannot or will not make any farther contributions. Needless to say, the

deposited money always disappears, along with the con man.

47．The word “gullible” in Sentence 2 means ______

A. unoriginal

B. stupid

C. overly trusting

D. educated

48．The passage suggests that the reason the bystander loses at “the Shell

Game” is ______

A. the con man moves the shells around so rapidly that the bystander can’t

follow their movements

B. the bystander takes his eyes off the shells to look at the con man as he

speaks

C. one of the con man’s shills secretly moves the pea to another shell

D. the con man never puts a pea under a shell in the first place

49．The reason that a bystander will continue to bet money in “the Shell

Game” is that ______

A. the con man’s collaborators convince the bystander that he will win if he

keeps playing

B. ifs fun to play a game of skill, whatever the outcome

C. the odds are against him losing all the time

D. the con man encourages him to keep playing

50．We can infer that those who cheat people are often called con men

because ______

A. many of them are former convicts

B. the tricks they use involve gaining the confidence of their victims

C. they often have contempt for their victims

D. they usually engage their victims in conversation before cheating them

51．The author’s attitude toward the victims of con men seems to be one of

______

A. compassion

B. forgiveness

C. scorn

D. indifference

52．On the basis of this passage, we can infer that well-established cons

continue to be successful because ______

A. people like to participate in activities that have a long track record.

B. some people don’t mind being tricked as long as they are entertained in the

process.

C. some people always believe that they can outsmart a cheater.

D. there will always be greedy and gullible people in the world, as well as

people to take advantage of them.

53．Which statement best expresses the central point of the passage?

A. Some cons take advantage of the desire of people to help wealthy

foreigners.

B. Modem con men usually rely on versions of well-established cons to trick

gullible people.

C. Gullible people have only themselves to blame for falling victim to 'Three

Card Monty” and the “Nigerian Money Transfer Con.”

D. Throughout history, some people have succeeded in outsmarting others.

【答案与解析】

47．C 根据句意可知，骗子通常欺骗容易轻信别人的人。over trusting意

思是轻信的，即易于欺骗的。因此C项正确。

48．B 根据第二段中“while the con man is asking, he skillfully moves the

pea to a different shell”可知，骗子是自己移动豌豆的，而不是其同伴。

旁观者输掉的原因是听骗子说话时将眼睛从贝壳上移开。

49．A 文章第二段“When the bystander loses money, several of the con

man’s collaborators, or shills, show the bystander that winning is ‘easy’”说明

骗子的同伴会向旁观者证明赢很容易，以此让他继续玩下去。因此A符

合题意。

50．B 根据第一段最后一句中的“old confidence tricks”可知，这些骗术是

利用了受害者对于游戏结果的自信，因此B选项符合题意。

51．D 本文作者客观地介绍了几种骗术即骗子的骗人方法，并没有对受

害者表示同情、原谅或者责备，因此D选项符合题意。

52．D 根据全文可知，骗子总是成功的原因是世界上总有贪婪和容易轻

信别人的人。因此D选项正确。

53．B 本文主要介绍了几种古老的骗局及其现代形式，因此B选项“现在

的骗子总是依靠已经成熟的骗局来欺骗容易轻信他人的人。”正确。

Passage V

With trade imbalances helping make billionaires of more than a few Chinese,

business pages have been abuzz with the promise of at least one American

export to China: philanthropy.

Warren Buffett and Bill Gates are visiting China this week to coax

commitments to charity out of their Chinese counterparts. The Americans

will be in China to “spread the word that it’s good to give,” said a host on

America’s National Public Radio. The visit “underscores what experts say is

the relatively immature state of philanthropy in China,” we hear from the

Associated Press.

In fact, Mr. Buffett and Mr. Gates might as well be bringing gunpowder and

fireworks to China.

The relatively small amount of charitable giving in modem China is an

aberration in the longer sweep of Chinese history. In late imperial China,

bridges, ferries or schools—what a modem person might see as public or

civic facilities—were often run with charitable land or cash endowments set

up by local notables. Village social-welfare-in the form of clinics, refugee

shelters or soup kitchens—was often paid for and managed by prominent

resident households.

China’s moguls of the imperial period traded in salt, which like Microsoft

software was essential for the imperial economy, used for everything from

cooking, preserving and pickling foods to tea, leather, paint, medicine and

fireworks.

Extraordinary profits were made by the men with imperial licenses to deal in

salt, and this money was consistently poured back into temple or bridge

construction and even into disaster-relief operations.

These public-spirited figures came in the form of Li Sixian, who was one of

several sojourning salt merchants in rural north China’s Cang County

credited in a local history with major charitable acts in a 50-year stretch of

the 17th century.

Local official histories, bound with string, brittle and yellowed, are troves of

information on China’s charitable past. According to one of these, Li spent

1,000 gold coins—a fortune at the time—on famine relief in 1639, “saving

countless” of the starving, while Wei Qijie, the son of another sojourning

merchant, was said to have donated 10,000 gold coins to feed and clothe

thousands during a drought in 1688

Salt profits also meant an unconscionable wealth gap between an average

laborer and these merchants, who earned some hundred thousand times more

in annual income, a ratio akin to the income disparities in today’s leading

billionaire-producing nations: the United States and China.

One vestige of traditional Chinese giving that has survived the 20th century is

aid within families. Where lineages were strong, particularly in the south,

charitable estates long provided the schooling and health care of poorer

members of extended families, which could comprise an entire community.

Why is so little known of China’s charitable past? The buck must stop at the

desks of historians, who have largely failed to properly study and report on

this vast philanthropic legacy.

Chinese scholarship has only recently begun to focus on this aspect of the

Chinese legacy. So, this week, as Mr. Buffett and Mr. Gates visit China, even

Chinese themselves may associate philanthropy with modernity and the “new

China”一despite the fact that, for centuries, dispensing medicine and winter

clothes to the local poor and setting-up free tea stations on the roadside for

the benefit of weary travelers were all, in a sense, as Chinese as silk and

firecrackers.

54．Why does the author mention Microsoft software in Paragraph 5?

A. To explain why the trade of salt was important in China’s charitable past.

B. To show the significance of the trade of salt in the imperial economy in

China’s past.

C. To contrast the charity industries between China and the US.

D. To show its necessity for the imperial economy.

55．The author takes Li Sixian and Wei Qijie as examples to illustrate that

______

A. salt merchants made donations to disaster-relief operations

B. prominent resident households paid for and managed village social-

welfare

C. local notables provided charitable land or cash endowments to run public

or civic facilities

D. historians failed to properly study and report on philanthropic legacy

56．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word

“unconscionable” in Paragraph 9?

A. conscienceless

B. unconscientious

C. outrageous

D. unreasonable

57．Which of the following is NOT true about China’s charitable past?

A. Some public-spirited figures are credited in local histories.

B. It has been long established that aid was given within families.

C. The records of China’s charity are abundant.

D. Historians failed to do a good job to study China’s philanthropic legacy.

58．Why is China’s philanthropy being compared with silk and firecrackers

in the last paragraph?

A. It deserves passing on from generation to generation.

B. It has its distinctive features.

C. It should be modernized and adapted to the new China.

D. It should be focused on by Chinese scholarship.

【答案与解析】

54．D 由第五段可知，微软对于帝国的经济是必不可少的。盐贸易对于

中国古代的重要性也是如此。因此D选项正确。

55．A 由第六、七、八段可知，二人均拿出自己的钱支持“disaster-relief

operations”，因此A选项正确。

56．D “unconscionable”是用来形容普通劳动者与这些商人之间的贫富差

距的，由后文可知，二者之间的年收入差距相差十万倍，由此可知这个

差距非常大。unreasonable不合理的；过度的。conscienceless没良心的。

unconscientious不负责任的。outrageous无耻的。因此D选项符合题意。

57．B 文章倒数第五段说一些旅居的盐商“credited in a local history with

major charitable acts”，因此A选项正确。根据倒数第三段中“One vestige

of traditional Chinese giving ... is aid within families.”可知中国传统捐赠的

一个痕迹是家庭的援助，无法说明中国古代就有家庭援助，因此B选项

错误。由文章可知，有很多关于古代商人进行慈善活动的记载，因此C

项正确。根据倒数第二段，历史学家“have largely failed to properly study

and report on this vast philanthropic legacy”，因此D选项正确。

58．D 根据最后一段可知，中国的慈善事业跟丝绸和鞭炮一

样“Chinese”，即同样都是宝贵的传统遗产，因此也值得中国学者的关

注。

Part IV. Writing (40 POINTS, 60 MINUTES)

Directions:

Youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind.

How do you understand this sentence? Please write a short essay on the

ANSWER SHEET with at least 300 words within the given time.

【参考范文】

It is not merely the young who possesses youth. Youth is a state of mind

instead of just a time of life. Courage, confidence and the eager for adventure

make up of youth.

Youth is a hopeful, fearless state of mind. Because of youth, we dare to

challenge the world; We have boundless energy and can pursue our dreams

persistently. We are not afraid of the road ahead of thorns or heavy and

obstacles. A 60-year-old man may have more of this temperament than a 20-

year-old man. It is not the pass of time that makes a man turn old, but that he

gives up his dream. Time may wrinkle the skin, but to lose enthusiasm

wrinkles the soul.

Confidence is also an indispensible factor of youth. Some people are young

but have a temperament of gloomy. Worry, fear and self-distrust bows one’s

heart and turn him into a walking dead. Whether 60 or 16, each person should

be able to be attracted by novelty and has endless desire for all things for the

future and life. The new-born calf is not afraid of the tiger. Some people

become afraid of many things as they become older. But this means that you

may lose opportunities to expose to interesting things and success.

Besides courage and confidence, the eager for adventure is another essential

symbol of youth. As a Chinese saying goes, “An old steed in the stable still

aspires to gallop a thousand li. An old hero still cherishes high aspirations.”

Whether you are a teenager or grey-hair, youth belongs to everyone with the

desire to adventure and to show himself. Taking risks is a positive attitude to

life and an upward force that keeps pace with the time. Those who dare not

take risks, seek to survive in familiar patterns.

Youth is a temperament of courage, confidence and eager for adventure. As

long as you fight like a young man, you will have youth, no matter how old

you are.

【解析】本题要求就“青春不是一个生命时期，而是一种心态。”写一篇

文章。

范文在第一段点明了青春的三个重要因素是勇气、自信与敢于冒险的态

度。第二、三、四段分别对这三个因素进行了解释与论证。最后一段重

申了自己的观点。

2013年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Part I. Proofreading and Error Correction (1*10 POINTS, 15 MINUTES)

Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each numbered line

contains ONE error, in which only ONE word is involved. Identify each error

and correct it in the following way: copy the wrong word on your ANSWER

SHEET and then write down the correct one. Make sure that you write your

answers on the ANSWER SHEET!

【答案与解析】

1．take→took

（由文章可知，作者上大学发生在过去，因此应该用过去时态。）

2．emigrate→immigrate

（根据句意可知，这些人应该是搬到美国。emigrate移居外国。

immigrate移居入境。）

3．engrave→engraved

（此题考查engrave in的被动形式，因此应将engrave改为engraved。）

4．that→those

（根据后文的“they”可知，作者申请的不止一所学校，因此应将that改为

those。）

5．diversified→diverse

（diverse表示不同的,多样的；diversified是强调被多样化之后的东西,强

调被动。本题中指的是“学生的多样性”，不存在被动含义。）

6．conductive→conducive

（句意：多样性对学习环境有利。be conducive to有利于。）

7．challenge→challenging

（根据句意可知，“task”前应该是形容词，因此challenge应改为

challenging。）

8．outsider→outsiders

（这句话的主语是“Some of my friends”，因此outsider应该用复数。）

9．mainstreams→mainstream

（根据后面的“Americans”可知，其前面的单词应该是形容词，因此应

用mainstream。）

10．before→unless

（句意：除非我们真的置身其中，否则我们永远都不会知道这件事。根

据逻辑关系可知，应该将before改为unless。）

Part II. Vocabulary and grammar (1*20 POINTS, 25 MINUTES)

Directions: From the four words or phrases under each sentence, choose the

one that best suits the blank in each sentence.

11．Margaret’s lecture was careful and______ but her words didn’t seem to

make much sense to the audience.

A. distinguished

B. distinct

C. distinguishable

D. distinctive

【答案】D

【解析】句意：虽然玛格丽特的演讲既谨慎又独特，但她的话对观众来

说似乎没有什么意义。distinctive有特色的，与众不同的。distinguished

著名的；卓越的。distinct明显的；独特的。distinguishable可区别的。

12．The room was well-ventilated, in the centre of which an antique bronze

_____ the beautifully set table.

A. augmented

B. complimented

C. implemented

D. complemented

【答案】D

【解析】句意：房间通风良好，其中央设有古色古香的青铜，配有精美

的桌子。complement补全，补充。augment增加。compliment恭维；称

赞。implement实施。

13．No matter what occurs to him, he always spends his time in______

complaints rather than acting.

A. futile

B. fragile

C. fertile

D. frangible

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不管发生什么事情，他总是浪费时间进行徒劳的抱怨，

而不是采取行动。futile无用的。fragile易碎的。fertile肥沃的。frangible

脆弱的。

14．To some extent, men are clearly stronger physically, whereas women are

stronger in many other______.

A. respects

B. fields

C. features

D. aspects

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在某种程度上，男性在身体上显然更强，而女性在许多

其他方面更占优势。根据句意，与“physically”相对的是其他“方面”而不

是其他“领域”或“特点”。因此D选项正确。

15．Obviously, he decided to say nothing about what he saw by chance the

other day because he hoped to ______.

A. keep it as a secret

B. keep it to be a secret

C. keep it a secret

D. keep it being a secret

【答案】C

【解析】句意：既然选择不向任何人说这事,他很明显是想保密。保守

秘密的固定表达为keep a secret。因此C选项正确。

16．Her amiability ______ her to be a constant listener to other’s sufferings.

A. censured

B. doomed

C. denounced

D. convicted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她的亲切友善使她注定要不断倾听别人的苦难。doom

注定。censure责备。denounce谴责。convict证明……有罪。

17．Bob became a legend as an opera singer, not so much because of his

voice range or emotive ability, but rather because of his fiery ______

A. attitude

B. disposition

C. manners

D. approach

【答案】B

【解析】句意：鲍勃成为了一名传奇的歌剧演唱家，与其说因为他音域

广或是能够唤起人们共鸣，不如说因为他热烈的性格。disposition处

置；性格。

18．A great number of politicians came to a consensus that war could be

used as ______ settling disputes.

A. a mean to

B. some means for

C. a means for

D. means for

【答案】C

【解析】句意：许多政治家达成了一个共识，即战争可以用来解决争

端。“means”意思是“方法；手段”，为可数名词，单复数同形，永远带

有-s。在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式。因此本题选

C。

19．Writers’ responsibility is to record what he sees and feels in the actual

life or make up imaginary plots and characters to entertain or influence

people, but the most ______ writer is not necessarily the best.

A. artificial

B. artful

C. religious

D. prolific

【答案】D

【解析】句意：作家的责任是记录他在实际生活中所看到和感受到的东

西，或者虚构情节和人物来供人消遣或影响他人，但最多产的作家不一

定是最好的。prolific多产的。artificial人造的。artful巧妙的；狡猾的。

20．Test scores are not improved by magic. Improving your test scores,

especially ______ it comes to classroom tests, depends on doing the

assignments and practicing more after class.

A. before

B. when

C. as

D. since

【答案】B

【解析】句意：测试成绩不会通过魔法来提高。测试，尤其是课堂测

试，成绩的提高靠的是做作业和课后多加练习。when it comes to当提

到；就……而论。

21．Packaging is an indispensable strategy adopted by many manufacturers,

which is designed so as to encourage ______ shopping.

A. impetuous

B. extravagant

C. impotent

D. careful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：包装是许多制造商采用的重要策略，旨在鼓励更多的购

物。extravagant奢侈的；过度的。impetuous冲动的；鲁莽的。impotent

无力的。

22．______ was given by the organization to all of those who donated in the

earthquake.

A. Recognition

B. Tribute

C. Attention

D. Acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这个机构向所有在地震中捐款的人表示感谢。tribute礼

物；贡品。acknowledgement除了“承认”以外还有“谢意；鸣谢”的意思，

符合句意。

23．Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none

______ happier for it.

A. but

B. much

C. the

D. any

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然女人们像飞蛾扑火一般围绕在他身边，但是他一点

儿也不开心。本题考查的是none the＋形容词比较级，意思是“一点也

不，毫不”。因此C项正确。

24．Jennifer often remains coldly remote from him; probably his badly

scarred face produced an involuntary feeling of ______ in his neighbor.

A. deliberation

B. perversity

C. discordance

D. repulsion

【答案】D

【解析】句意：詹妮弗经常冷漠地远离他；可能是他的伤痕累累的脸庞

在邻居心中产生了一种不自觉的排斥感。repulsion排斥。deliberation审

议；考虑。perversity邪恶；任性。discordance不协调。

25．It has long been known that total sheep ______ is 100 percent fatal to

rats, yet upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely

normal.

A. destruction

B. reduction

C. deprivation

D. deposition

【答案】C

【解析】句意：人们早就知道，对老鼠来说，完全剥夺羊的生命是百分

之百的致命的，然而，在对尸体的检查中，这些动物看起来完全正常。

deprivation剥夺；损失。deposition沉积物。

26．Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably clear that

in certain countries such as Rwanda, Somalia and so forth, hunger is less a

result of an absolute food shortage ______ a policy decision or the political

situation.

A. than of

B. than is

C. but the result of

D. rather than

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当然也有例外，但在某些国家，如卢旺达、索马里等国

家，饥饿的原因与其说是绝对粮食短缺，倒不如说是政策决定或政治形

势。less…than…与其……倒不如说。of与前面a result of对应。因此A项

为正确答案。

27．______ ever so humble, there’s no place like home.

A. It be

B. It was

C. Be it

D. Was it

【答案】C

【解析】句意：就算再简陋，家总归是家。本题考查的是倒装语句，因

此C项为正确答案。

28．Fiona couldn’t help feeling ______ toward her father’s new wife whom

he married just two months after the death of Fiona’s mother.

A. sympathy

B. compassion

C. concession

D. antipathy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：菲奥娜的母亲去世仅仅两个月后，她的父亲就娶了新妻

子，菲奥娜不禁对她感到厌恶。antipathy反感。compassion同情。

concession让步。

29．Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to ______

the steepest face with great agility.

A. surpass

B. scale

C. overcome

D. mount

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如今，攀岩很流行，许多人都能十分敏捷地攀登最陡峭

的岩面。scale攀登，爬越。surpass超越，胜过。mount登上。

30．Half______, the number of participants registering for this year’s

marathon was disappointing.

A. of them for last year’s

B. of those of last year

C. that of last year’s

D. those of last years

【答案】C

【解析】本句对比的是“今年和去年参加马拉松的人数”，half后完整的

应该是“half of the number of last year’s”，为了避免重复可用指示代词

that，因此选项C正确。

Part III. Reading Comprehension (1*30 POINTS, 80 MINUTES )

There are Five passages in this section. Read each passage and answer the

questions given at the end of each passage. Please write your answer on the

ANSWER SHEET!

Passage I

Aside from water vapour, the four principal greenhouse gases are carbon

dioxide (CO

2

), methane (CH

4

), nitrous oxide (N

2

O) and the halocarbons or

CFCs (gases containing fluorine, chlorine and bromine). These gases -

described in more detail here - can remain in the atmosphere for different

amounts of time, from months to millennia, and affect the climate on very

different timescales.

The lifetime in the air of CO

2

, the most significant man-made greenhouse

gas, is probably the most difficult to determine, because there are several

processes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Between 65%

and 80% of CO

2

released into the air dissolves into the ocean over a period of

20-200 years. The rest is removed by slower processes that take up to several

hundreds of thousands of years, including chemical weathering and rock

formation. This means that once in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide can

continue to affect climate for thousands of years.

Methane, by contrast, is mostly removed from the atmosphere by chemical

reaction, persisting for about 12 years. Thus although methane is a potent

greenhouse gas, its effect is relatively short-lived.

Nitrous oxide is destroyed in the stratosphere and removed from the

atmosphere more slowly than methane, persisting for around 114 years.

Compounds containing chlorine and/or fluorine (CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs,

PFCs) include a huge number of different chemical species, each of which

can last in the atmosphere for a specific length of time - from less than a year

to many thousands of years. The IPCC has published a comprehensive list of

the atmospheric lifetime of the various CFCs and other greenhouse gases.

Water vapour is a very effective absorber of heat energy in the air, but it does

not accumulate in the atmosphere in the same way as the other greenhouse

gases. This is down to it having a very short atmospheric lifetime, of the

order of hours to days, because it is rapidly removed as rain and snow. The

amount of water vapour that the atmosphere can hold increases as the

atmosphere gets warmer, so the greenhouse properties of water vapour are

usually considered to act as part of a feedback loop, rather than a direct cause

of climate change

31．Why is it difficult to determine CO

2

’s atmospheric lifetime?

A. Because it is difficult to be destroyed in the atmosphere

B. Because there are no effective technical devices available

C. Because it serves as a feedback loop in the atmosphere

D. Because it can be removed through several processes

32．Generally which of the four greenhouse gases mentioned in the passage

has the shortest atmospheric lifetime?

A. CO2

B. N2O

C. CH4

D. CFCs

33．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word

“potent” in Paragraph 3?

A. Powerful

B. Ineffective

C. Poisonous

D. Invisible

34．Why is water vapour NOT considered as a direct cause of the climate

change?

A. Because it doesn’t influence climate

B. Because it increases when the atmosphere warms up

C. Because it can be removed by the chemical reactions

D. Because it is not a greenhouse gas

35．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. CO2 is the most significant man-made greenhouse gas

B. Methane is mostly removed by chemical reaction

C. Nitrous is removed from the atmosphere more slowly than methane

D. Water vapour is not a greenhouse gas.

36．What section is the passage most probably selected from?

A. Current affairs

B. Social issues

C. Environment

D. Scientific revolution

【答案与解析】

31．D 根据文章第二段中“because there are several processes that remove

carbon dioxide from the atmosphere”可知，D选项正确。

32．C 根据文章第二、三、四、五段可知，二氧化碳（CO

2

）的大气寿

命为“thousands of years”；甲烷（CH

4

/ methane）的为“about 12 years”；

一氧化二氮（N

2

O/ nitrous oxide）的寿命为“around 114 years”；CFCs的

为“from less than a year to many thousands of years”。根据题干，要求选

出“generally”大气寿命最短的气体，因此C选项“甲烷”符合题意。

33．A 划线词语所在句子的句意为：因此，尽管甲烷是一种效力强劲的

温室气体,其效果是相对短暂的。因此A选项符合题意。

34．B 根据文章最后一段最后一句，因为大气所能容纳的水蒸气含

量“increases as the atmosphere gets warmer”，因此B选项符合题意。

35．D 根据文章第二段第一句可知A选项正确。根据第三段第一句可知

B选项正确。根据32题可知，nitrous的大气寿命为114年左右，而

methane的为12年左右，因此C选项正确。根据文章第一段中“aside from

water vapour, the four principal greenhouse ”，因此水蒸气也是

一种温室气体。

36．C 本文主要介绍了几种主要的温室气体及其大气寿命，与环境有

关，因此C选项正确。

Passage II

The Home Office has been threatened with legal action amid claims it

mistakenly implied that 22 colleges were bogus or sub-standard.

English UK, an association representing more than 450 language colleges,

said the alleged error could bankrupt the institutions. Its lawyers are

demanding senior Home Office officials issue an immediate apology and

retraction.

Last week, the Home Office said scores of colleges had lost their right to

recruit overseas students because they could not meet the standards of a new

inspection regime or had not applied to be on a compulsory register of

institutions authorized to enroll overseas students.

Damian Green, the immigration minister, warned that "widespread abuse of

the student visa system has gone on for too long". Too many students had

come to the UK to find paid work and bring over their family, rather than to

study, he said.

English UK said its colleges had not signed up for the register because their

courses lasted less than a year. Only institutions that offer courses that last a

year or more have to be on the register.

The association said institutions had decided not to voluntarily apply to be on

the register because it would have been expensive.

Tony Millns, chief executive of English UK, said the Home Office had

"allowed it to be inferred that all the colleges on its list were bogus, fronts for

illegal immigration, or of poor educational quality”.

'This has been enormously damaging to the reputation of perfectly legitimate

and high-quality businesses," he said.

A letter sent by English UK's lawyers to the Home Office states the

government published information that was "untrue, defamatory and gravely

damaging to colleges' goodwill and reputations".

“The potential damage is potentially substantial, irreparable and

unquantifiable," it said.

The Home Office wants to curb overseas student numbers to reduce total net

migration to Britain by 230,000 between now and 2015 A spokesman for the

UK Border Agency said senior officials would not be making an apology or

retracting their statement. Ministers had made it clear that colleges not on the

register were not necessarily those with poor educational standards, he said.

"Some simply failed to submit an application to demonstrate they meet our

new higher standards," he said. ’’Widespread abuse of the student visa

system has gone on for too long which is why we've made changes to ensure

only first-class education providers should be given licences to sponsor

international students.”

37．Which of the following has the closest meaning of the underlined word

“bogus” in Paragraph 1?

A. Standard

B. New

C. Top-class

D. Fake

38．Several colleges had lost their right to recruit overseas students because

they ______

A. could not meet the standards

B. belong to the English UK

C. had applied to be on the register

D. enrolled overseas students

39．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. All the institutions including English UK have to be on the compulsory

register

B. Most of the students had come to the UK in order to further their study

there

C. The senior Home Office officials issued an immediate apology and

retraction

D. English UK did not apply to be on the register because of the expensive

cost.

40．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT

true?

A. The Home Office wants to control the overseas student number to the UK

B. All the colleges on the list of English UK were of poor educational quality

C. First-class education providers can get licences to sponsor foreign students

D. There are new standards to be on the register that are higher than before

41．The writer’s attitude toward English UK can best be described as

______

A. positive

B. negative

C. neutral

D. indifferent

42．What section is the passage most probably selected from?

A. Foreign affairs

B. Social issues

C. Business

D. Education

【答案与解析】

37．D 根据 “sub-standard”可知，“bogus”应该是一个贬义词，因此D选

项符合题意。

38．A 根据文章第三段可知，原因为“could not meet the standards of ... or

had not applied to be ... overseas students”，因此选项A符合题意。

39．D 根据文章第二段，“English UK”是一个代表450多所语言学习的机

构，因此不需要强制登记，A选项错误。律师正在要求“senior Home

Office”立即发表道歉并撤回消息，因此C选项错误。根据文章第四段，

大多数学生来英国是为了找到好工作然后把全家带过来，而不是为了学

习，因此B选项错误。根据文章第七段，“... had decided not to voluntarily

apply to be on the register because it would have been expensive”，因此D选

项正确。

40．B 根据文章倒数第二段，“The Home Office wants to curb overseas

student numbers”，因此A选项说法正确。倒数第二段最后一句

说“colleges not on the register were not necessarily those with poor

educational standards”，因此B选项不正确。

41．C 本文作者只是客观地介绍了事情的情况，并不带有个人色彩，因

此其态度为中立的。

42．D 本文主要介绍了教育界发生的问题，因此与教育有关。

Passage III

LGC Forensics, on a former RAF base in deepest Oxfordshire. (This lab

deals mainly in chemical and biological traces, and DNA. Half a dozen others

across the UK do marks and tracks, drugs, forensic pathology, firearms and

digital forensics.)

The company is Britain's largest single supplier of outsourced forensic

science services. It was scientists from LGC Forensics - it employs 675 of

them, 225 on this site - who found the evidence that helped convict the killers

of Joanna Yeates, Damilola Taylor, Milly Dowler, Vikki Thompson, Rachel

Nickell and, most recently and famously, Stephen Lawrence.

For a much-hyped, very modern science that has advanced at breakneck

speed since the discovery of genetic fingerprinting by Sir Alec Jeffreys in the

mid-1980s and the launch, barely a decade later, of the world’s first national

DNA database by Britain's soon-to-be-defunct Forensic Science Service or

FSS, DNA forensics still relies, above all, on painstaking process.

There's little glamour here, and a lot of methodical, meticulous, minute and

above all time-consuming graft. Exhibits come in and are logged. Depending

on the nature of case and evidence, an appropriate reporter, the senior

scientist on the investigation, is allocated.

"The reporter liaises with the police, establishes what has to be looked for,

draws up a strategy," Sheriff explains. 'They instruct the forensic examiners,

review and interpret what they find. And it's the reporter who stands up in

court."

Rigor, continuity, integrity of procedure are all. Everything is recorded: who

handles material, where it's come from, what they do to it, what they find,

where it goes next. Stray DNA, any risk of contamination, must be

minimized: hence the protective clothing (junked after every session), the

brown paper (bagged for eventual debris), the company DNA database that

allows any staff DNA found to be swiftly discounted.

Because the thing about DNA evidence, strong as it is, large as it looms in the

public's imagination, is that it connects a human and an object. It doesn't

prove when the two came into contact. Nor does it necessarily prove they

were actually in direct contact at all.

"It's not just the finding of the evidence," says Ros Hammond, a senior

scientific adviser who has worked on many high-profile cases. "It’s how did

it get there, and can we rule out any other way it did so? And what does it

mean?”

You have to be careful, analytical, determined, patient and—as five experts

relate, in relation to six major cases—occasionally inspired.

43．What is the function of LGC Forensics according to the passage?

A. Standing up in court

B. Analyzing cases

C. Dealing with DNA

D. Convicting killers

44．What’s work at the lab like according to the passage?

A. Strict

B. Inspiring

C. Holy

D. Nauseous

45．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word

“minute” in Paragraph 4?

A. Immediate

B. Insignificant

C. Slight

D. Exact

46．Which of the following is not the job of “an appropriate reporter” in

Paragraph 4?

A. Communicating with the police

B. Checking findings

C. Selecting the forensic examiners

D. Making a scheme

47．What’s the purpose of Ros Hammond’s explanation?

A. To illustrate its difficulties in the case

B. To help the public know its true function

C. To show its preciosity of the procedure

D. To indicate the job is challenging

48．What is the passage mainly about?

A. Britain’s advance in DNA research

B. Behind the scenes at Britain’s top forensic lab

C. The application of the DNA evidence

D. The glamour of the LGC forensics

【答案与解析】

43．C 根据文章第一段“This lab deals mainly in chemical and biological

traces, and DNA”可知，C选项正确。

44．A 根据文章第四段第一句，“There's little glamour here, and a lot of

methodical, meticulous, minute and above all time-consuming graft.”可知，

实验室工作是很细致严格的，因此A选项符合题意。nauseous令人恶心

的。

45．D 本句句意：这里没有什么魅力，而且有很多有条不紊、一丝不

苟、细致的、最耗时的工作。因此exact符合题意。

46．C 根据文章第五段，通讯员“liaises with the police, establishes what

has to be looked for, draws up a strategy”、“instruct the forensic examiners,

review and interpret what they find”。因此C选项不正确。

47．D 根据Ros Hammond可知，他们不仅要发现证据，还要进行一系列

分析，表明这项工作很有挑战性。

48．B 本文主要介绍了LGC Forensics及其工作流程，因此B选项正确。

Passage IV

The European Court of Human Rights ruled Tuesday that Abu Qatada, a

radical Islamic preacher regarded as one of Al Qaeda's main inspirational

leaders in Europe, cannot be deported from Britain to his native Jordan

because his trial there would be tainted by evidence obtained by torture. The

preacher, whose real name is Omar Mahmoud Mohammed Othman, is in

prison in Britain and has been convicted in his absence in Jordan of planning

two bombing attacks. The British government had insisted that he be returned

to Jordan as part of a wider strategy of dealing with international terrorism

suspects by deportation.

Although it accepted Jordan’s assurances that Mr. Othman would be treated

humanely, the European court in Strasbourg, France, said in its ruling that

evidence against Mr. Othman in the Jordan bombings “had been obtained by

torturing one of his co-defendants.” Deporting him would “legitimize the

torture of witnesses and suspects,” it said, and “result in a flagrant denial of

justice.”

Britain has wrestled for more than a decade with a sense that it had become a

safe haven and incubator for Islamic extremism, struggling to balance civil

liberties and due process with security. One former senior antiterrorism

police officer, who requested anonymity in order to discuss delicate security

issues, said Britain had tracked as many as 100 nascent terror plots at any one

time since 2001, though only a few escalated into serious threats.

Britain’s close links with the Middle East and Pakistan, its formerly generous

asylum policies and a history of protecting free speech also combined to

make it fertile ground for many others seeking to promulgate extremist

interpretations of Islam. Former Prime Minister Tony Blair was fiercely

criticized for trying to address Britain’s problems with Islamic extremism by

introducing indefinite detention without trial for “suspected international

terrorists” in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks. Subsequent efforts have

included more robust laws against inciting religious hatred, ‘‘control orders”

that seek to monitor suspects without jailing them, tightened asylum

procedures, and redoubled efforts to deport suspects.

All those measures have been subject to appeal at the European court, which

sits above Britain’s own Supreme Court as a final arbiter of appeals.

Many terror suspects sought by the United States, including the preacher Abu

Hamza, have argued that the threat that the United States will hold them in

isolation in super maximum security prisons or at the Guantanamo Bay

detention center in Cuba, and the possibility of the death penalty, constitute

human rights violations.

49．Why did the European Court overrule Britain on Abu Qatada according

to the passage?

A. Because the British Court sits under the European Court

B. Because the laws on suspects changed after Sep. 11

C. Because the evidence had been gained by torture

D. Because Abu Qatada was proved to be absent in the plot

50．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word

“nascent” in Paragraph 3?

A. Sudden

B. Severe

C. Violent

D. Undeveloped

51．Why was Tony Blair criticized according to the passage?

A. Improper efforts to deal with suspects

B. Too tightened laws for citizens

C. No effective means to expel suspects

D. Not efficient in dealing with British problems

52．What did Abu Hamza suggest according to the end of the passage?

A. Detention centers were widespread

B. People were violated when threatened

C. American citizens were always threatened

D. European court sits above Britain’s Supreme Court

53．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? ______

A. Jordan assured Mr. Othman he would be treated humanely

B. Britain struggled to balance civil liberties and due process with security

C. Britain agreed on extremist interpretations of Islam

D. Britain’s asylum policies were generous before

54．What topic is the passage mainly about? ______

A. Politics

B. Religion

C. Culture

D. Law

【答案与解析】

49．C 题干问的是在Abu Qatada一案中，欧洲法院为什么否决了英国的

决定。根据文章第二段，Abu Qatada有罪的证据是约旦通过折磨他的一

个同案被告获得的。因此C选项正确。

50．D 句意：自2001年以来，英国一直在跟踪多达100起新的恐怖事

件，但只有少数几个升级为严重威胁。根据句意可知，这些恐怖事件应

该不严重，因此“undeveloped”符合句意。nascent初期的。

51．A 根据文章倒数第三段，布莱尔被指责的原因是“为了解决英国与

伊斯兰极端主义之间的问题，在未经审判的情况下对“国际恐怖分子”进

行无限期拘留”。indefinite detention无限期拘留。因此A选项“处理嫌疑

犯方法不当”正确。

52．B 根据文章最后一段，“the threat that…constitute human rights

violations”，因此B选项正确。

53．C 根据第二段第一句可知，A选项正确。根据第三段第一句可知，

B选项正确。根据文章第三段第一句，英国“为其他人谋求发表对伊斯兰

教的极端解释提供了沃土”，因此C选项错误。同一句中“its formerly

generous asylum policies”表明D选项正确。

54．A 本文主要介绍了在Abu Qatada案件中欧洲法院作出的决定，英国

对于恐怖分子的措施等，因此与政治有关。

Passage V

Ready for breakfast? How about some nice juicy raw or pickled herring, or

some toasted seaweed in a bowl of rice? Losing your appetite? Maybe a spicy

sauce made of lentils could wake up your taste buds!

These dishes may seem strange to a North American, but they are typical

morning meals in other parts of the world. Young, fresh raw herring, known

as “green herring’’, is enjoyed in the Netherlands. Dried seaweed，called

“nori”，is a popular food in Japan. Lentil sauces，called “dal”，are eaten

along with fresh fruit and bread for breakfast in India. Kids in these countries

might be astonished to hear that an American, on average，eats about 5

kilograms a year of our favorite breakfast food — dry cereal. What tastes

good to people, as well as what is tasteful to offer as refreshment to guests,

can be very different from one culture to another.

“Bird’s-nest” soup is a Chinese delicacy. This rare and expensive food is

actually made from the jellylike saliva that swifts (a type of bird) secrete as

they line their nests. It is really “bird’s-spit” soup! If you are sure you would

say “No, thanks!” to this dish, think again. You already may have eaten a

sweet treat from just as strange a source. Many Americans enjoy honey,

which is produced inside the bodies of bees. We may not think often of the

insects that secrete this sticky fluid, but Ethiopians do. They believe that the

best honey is crunchy, and proudly offer their guests honey filled with

fragments of waxy honeycomb and bits of dead baby bees.

Insects are eaten in several parts of the world. Termites are a gourmet treat in

Africa. In Asia，the Japanese eat locusts and the Thais enjoy crickets. (In

case you’re curious, dry-roasted crickets are supposed to taste like smoke-

flavored nuts!) But many Africans and Asians who snack on insects consider

shellfish inedible. They would never have the bad taste to offer a guest

lobster stew or steamed crab legs—dishes that appear on many American

tables.

Tastes in food also change over time. Rabbit was once a dish fit for medieval

English kings, and American colonists often ate robins. Nowadays, neither of

these meats is a frequent menu item in the English-speaking world.

Vegetables have also gone in and out of fashion. Baked, stuffed，or fried

potatoes are a “hot” food item today. But when explorers first brought this

South American vegetable back to Europe, peasants feared it would cause

leprosy.

Many people would only feed spuds to pigs. In the 18th century, Scotland

even passed a law against potatoes, because this supposedly poisonous,

“ungodly” vegetable was not mentioned in the Bible !

Still hesitating about having some seaweed for breakfast? Don’t worry，you

can always have a tasty mouthful later in the day. “Carageenan，” an

ingredient in many brands of ice cream，comes from a type of seaweed

called “Irish moss.” The alginates used to stabilize and thicken other frozen

foods, cakes, and pies are also derived from seaweed.

55．The underlined word “gourmet” in Paragraph 4 means______

A. delicate

B. supreme

C. hospitable

D. strange

56．Which of the following shall be viewed as a normal main course on

Americans’ dinner table?

A. Dry cereal

B. Lobster

C. Bird’s nest

D. Robins

57．The last but one paragraph implies that ______

A. Scottish laws are set up based on the Bible

B. potatoes were fed to pigs in Scotland

C. Scottish people highly valued the Bible

D. potatoes are not welcome in Scotland

58．From this passage we learn that ______

A. Americans will never eat such food as seaweed

B. people in Asia will all happily eat crickets served to them

C. American food seems to be accepted all over the world

D. people’s taste in food seems to vary with culture and time

59．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Many Americans like dry cereal very much

B. The Japanese eat dried seaweed and locusts

C. Many Americans and Ethiopians enjoy honeycombs

D. Many Africans and Asians don’t eat shellfish

60．Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?

A. How to make a nice breakfast

B. How people cook in different cultures

C. What people eat in different cultures

D. What is healthy for breakfast

【答案与解析】

55．A 根据第四段第一句“世界上很多地方都吃昆虫”及后文对亚洲国家

的描述可知，“termites”在非洲是一种美味。

56．B 题干问的是下列哪道菜是每个人餐桌上正常的主菜，A选项不是

菜，因此不符合题意。根据第四段最后一句中“lobster stew or steamed

crab legs—dishes that appear on many American tables”可知，B选项符合

题意。

57．D 题干问的是倒数第二段所“imply”的，B选项在文中是直接提到

的，因此不符合题意。苏格兰人用土豆喂猪，甚至通过了一项反对土豆

的法律，由此可见土豆在英格兰不受欢迎，因此D选项正确。

58．D根据文章可知，不同国家的饮食习惯的差异，及饮食习惯随着时

间的变化，因此D选项正确。

59．C 根据第四段最后可知，埃塞俄比亚人喜欢吃蜂巢，因此C选项符

合题意。根据文章第二段可知A正确，第二段和第四段可知B正确，第

四段可知D正确。

60．C 本文主要介绍了不同国家的饮食习惯之间的差异，及饮食习惯随

着时间的变化，因此C选项正确。

Part IV. Writing (40 POINTS, 60 MINUTES)

Directions:

Douglas Robinson wrote, “The study of translation and the training of

professional translators is without question an integral part of the explosion

of both intercultural relations and the transmission of scientific and

technological knowledge: the need for a new approach to the process of

teaching and learning is certainly felt in translator and interpreter training

programs around the world as well.”

Please write a short essay on the remarks on the ANSWER SHEET with at

least 300 words within the given time.

【参考范文】

Translation is a process which combines intercultural communication with

knowledge of different fields. To become a qualified translator, we need to be

familiar with different cultural and be able to refresh our knowledge.

Firstly, a qualified translator should be familiar with the culture of both

source text and target text. Translator is the bridge of culture transmission.

Besides traditional culture and local customs of the two countries, current

affairs, especially in economics and politics, happened recently are supposed

to be kept up with. It is important to pay attention to differences and give

readers the most native expression.

In addition to cultural difference and intercultural relation, a qualified

translator needs to have a wide range of knowledge. Source text may come

from various fields, such as legal translation and medical translation.

Scientific translation need to be very precise and specific. It is not enough for

us to merely master English. Taking a glimpse of different fields really helps

translator’s work.

In other words. translation makes, or forces, us to learn all sorts of knowledge

from culture to medical science. And it helps us improve ourselves day by

day.

According to the Skopostheorie of Hans Vermeer, the Skopos Rule, which

attach the most importance to the purpose of translation, is the first principle

of translation. Above all, the target text needs to be understood by receivers.

Besides, the target text should carry as much information in the source text as

possible. The other two principles are coherence rule and fidelity rule. If the

later two principles conflicts with the first one, the first one should be

remained. A qualified translator should at least abide by the first principle to

achieve the basic communicative intentions.

From my perspective, knowledge of different cultural and various fields helps

one to be a qualified translator. If one can not make it to translate elegantly,

the skopos rule ensures that a translator can make reader content.

【解析】题目中道格拉斯·罗宾逊说的是“翻译研究和专业翻译培训毫无

疑问是跨文化关系爆发和科技知识传播的一个组成部分：在世界各地的

翻译和口译培训课程中也肯定需要一种新的教学与学习过程”。本题要

求根据这句话写一篇文章。

本文第一段点明了作者的观点，一名合格的翻译需要同时对不同文化及

不同领域的知识有所了解，第二、三、四段对这个观点进行了阐述，同

时指出翻译应该不断学习，不断更新自己的知识。第五段对汉斯·弗米

尔的目的论进行了介绍，指出目的原则是翻译的第一原则，翻译时首先

要满足这个原则。最后一段作者重申了自己的观点，并指出如果做不到

语言优美，能够遵循目的原则也会使读者满意。