公共课英语二模拟题2020年(56)_真题-无答案

公共课英语二模拟题2020年(56)

(总分100,考试时间150分钟)

Cloze

Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical

behavior that sets **pletely【C1】______from all other animals. Language is a means of

communication,【C2】______it is much more than that. Many animals can【C3】______. The dance

of the **municates the location of flowers【C4】______other members of the hive (蜂群). But

human language **munication about anything,【C5】______things like unicorn (独角兽) that have

never existed. The key【C6】______in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be【C7】

______together in different ways, according to【C8】______. to communicate different meanings.

Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing【C9】______humans so much as our

ability to communicate abstract thoughts,【C10】______about the universe, the mind, love, dreams,

or ordering a drink. It is an **plex【C11】______that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware

of most【C12】______of our speech and understanding. Consider what happens when one person is

speaking to【C13】______. The speaker has to translate thoughts into【C14】______language. Brain

imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the【C15】______of speech is extremely fast,

only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to【C16】______out what the speaker means.

He must use the sounds of speech to【C17】______the words spoken, understand the pattern of

【C18】______of the words (sentences), and finally【C19】______the meaning. This takes

somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But【C20】______started, it is of course a

continuous process.

1. 1.【C1】

A. apart B. off

C. up D. down

2. 2.【C2】

A. so B. but

C. or D. for

3. 3.【C3】

A. transfer

B. transmit

C. convey

D. communicate

4. 4.【C4】

A. to B. from

C. over D. on

5. 5.【C5】

A. only B. almost

C. even D. just

6. 6.【C6】

A. stays

B. situates

C. hides

D. lies

7. 7.【C7】

A. stuck

B. strung

C. rung

D. consisted

8. 8.【C8】

A. rules

B. scales

C. laws

D. standards

9. 9.【C9】

A. combines

B. contains

C. defines

D. declares

10. 10.【C10】

A. what B. whether

C. while D. if

11. 11.【C11】

A. prospect

B. progress

C. process

D. produce

12. 12.【C12】

A. aspects

B. abstracts

C. angles

D. assumptions

13. 13.【C13】

A. anybody

B. another

C. other

D. everybody

14. 14.【C14】

A. body

B. gesture

C. written

D. spoken

15. 15.【C15】

A. growing

B. fixing

C. beginning

D. building

16. 16.【C16】

A. put B. take

C. draw D. figure

17. 17.【C17】

A. identify

B. locate

C. reveal

D. discover

18. 18.【C18】

A. performance

B. organization

C. design

D. layout

19. 19.【C19】

A. prescribe

B. justify

C. utter

D. interpret

20. 20.【C20】

A. since B. after

C. once D. until

Reading Comprehension

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the

ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufactures from having to think about the

customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about

without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without

adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress

factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways

of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers (授予)

status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively

enough, the manufacturer is in clover(生活舒适).

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And

manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If,

therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for, how much better to change

the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of

changing the product itself.

The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions:

Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in

missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and

contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential

ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with

emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition: a case you do not necessarily have to

believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine,

any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His

apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong

with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does—"Run down?

""No one will dance with you? A will make you popular."

Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamppost for support rather than

illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority

or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement,"As used by 90% of the actors

who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses

uncovered almost as much as anyone else.

21. ising are appreciated by manufacturers because they______.

A. advise them on ways of giving a product customer appeal

B. accept responsibility for giving a product customer appeal

C. advise them on the best time to go ahead with production

D. consult them during the design and development stages

22. passage tells us that some manufacturers, instead of changing their product, would

prefer to change its______.

A. production cost

B. quality

C. market value

D. appeal

23. ing to the passage, doctors are most successful when they are______.

A. authoritative

B. logical

C. emotional

D. scientific

24. ising men dress people up in white coats because______.

A. it makes their advertisements more conspicuous

B. it makes their advertisements more convincing

C. the majority of TV doctors are dressed up in white coats

D. it makes the actors take the job seriously

25. advertisers'attitude is based on the hope that consumers______.

A. know deep down what they really want

B. are interested in what is being designed

C. are indifferent to what is being advertised

D. are uncritical and easily influenced

Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey's application to join the European Union, to be

voted on by the EU's Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic—in particular, the

country's relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004

members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May

lst,2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which

this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January

1st, 2007.

Furthermore, the country's recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston,

the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning."GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4%

higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU **es close to matching. Turkey's inflation

rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country

reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will,

according to the IMF's managing director, Rodrigo Rato, " reduce inflation toward

European levels, and enhance the economy's resilience."

Resilience has not historically been the country's economic strong point. As recently as 2001,

GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed,

throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack.

This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the

country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such

investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows

have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did

Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).

One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st, 2005. On that day,

Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a

millionaire. Six naughts will be removed from the face value of the lira, one unit of the local

currency will henceforth be worth what 1 m are now—ie, about ￠0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have

to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and

investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle

mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.

26. is Turkey's economic situation now?

A. Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.

B. Its inflation rate is still rising.

C. Its economy grows faster than any EU member.

D. Its economic resilience is very strong.

27. can infer from the second paragraph that______.

A. Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members

B. inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high

C. Turkey's economy will keep growing at present rate

D. IMF's economic program will help Turkey join the EU

28. word "oscillated" (Paragraph 3) most probably means______.

A. fell

B. climbed

C. developed

D. swang

29. ng of Turkey's foreign direct investment, the author implies that______.

A. it's stock is far less than that of other countries

B. it does not have much influence on Turkey's economic progress

C. steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment

D. Turkey's economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment

30. can draw a conclusion from the text that______.

A. foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better

B. Turkey's citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira

C. the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six naughts from the face value

D. prices of goods will go up

The giant Mirafiori plant in Turin is the heart of Fiat Auto, the troubled car division of the Fiat

group. As the early shift trooped home at 2 pm on October 9th, the mood was pessimistic. The

workers knew that the bosses were meeting union leaders later that afternoon in Rome to

announce 8,100 job cuts across the group's car factories. This is on top of 3,000 job losses

announced earlier this year. Workers expect one-third of Mirafiori's 12,000 employees to be gone

by next July. Fiat says that all but 500 of the total are temporary lay-offs, to last about a year. But

the morose workers passing through Mirafiori's gates doubt that the jobs will **e back, whatever

the firm says about new models and future investment.

Fiat Auto will lose around € 1 billion ($987m) this year, wiping out profits in other parts of the

group, which makes everything from lorries and tractors to robots. Fiat's bosses have been in

denial for years about **pany's massive over-capacity, the cause of growing losses as sales

slumped. Five years ago Fiat Auto made 2.6m cars a year and profits of ￠ 758m. Since then it

has recorded a loss in every year bar one. This year it will produce barely 1.9m cars. Its banks

forced a restructuring in May, and the chief executive of its Fiat group parent had to resign a few

weeks later.

The pain is bad enough in northern Italy, where unemployment is barely 4%, but it will be felt

more elsewhere. The Termini Imerese plant in Sicily is to lay off 1,800 workers. Unions say that

cuts among suppliers could double the number of people hit. The local official jobless rate is

already 18% (though this ignores a lively "informal" economy). This is posing a nasty problem for

the government of Silvio Berlusconi, which polled strongly in Sicily but is not inclined to aid

troubled firms.

Fiat's belated willingness to take tough steps to align capacity with demand is down to the

group's new boss, Gabriele Galateri, chosen in June to rescue the firm, which is 30% owned by

Agnelli family interests. His aim is to restore credibility, arrest the alarming plunge in **pany's

share price and persuade the banks that he is sorting out the Fiat Auto mess, so as to win their

support for a further recapitalisation.

Closely watching this Italian drama are bosses of General Motors, owners of 20% of Fiat Auto.

The Italians have an option to sell the remaining shares to GM from January 2004. GM, which has

its own problems in Europe, is desperate for Fiat Auto to sort itself out before it can be forced to

take over. Although the Agnelli family patriarch, the ailing 81-year-old Gianni Agnelli, is opposed

to such a sale, most analysts expect that Italy's proudest **pany will end up in American hands.

31. workers in Fiat's plant were pessimistic because______.

A. the car division of the Fiat group was in trouble

B. new models and future investment promised no hope of getting their jobs back

C. there will be heavy job losses in the giant Mirafiori plant