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2024年4月12日发(作者:女性翘二郎腿的心理)

一 填空

1. 语言变化包括phonological change(音位变化) , morphological

change(形态变化) , syntactic change(句法变化),lexical and

semantic changes(词法和语义变化)。

2. 单词的意义变化可体现在哪三个方面widening of meaning

narrowing of meaning ,meaning shift

3. 决定语域的三个变量:field of discourse(语场)、 tenor of

discourse(语旨)、 mode of discourse(语式)。

4. 关于语言习得的三个理论:a behaviorist of language acquisition(行

为主义者的语言习得观)、an innatist view of language acquisition(语

言天生主义者的语言习得观)、an interactionist view of language

acquisition(互动主义者的语言习得观)。

5. NL:TL comparisons ( Contrastive Analysis)对比分析:汉语—英语,

IL: TL comparisons (Error Analysis)错误分析:汉语—英语, NL:IL

comparisons (Transfer Analysis) 利用中介语分析

6. 克鲁申“i+1”理论:Krashen’s Input Hypothesis:Krashen make a

distinction between acquisition & put forward that

learners advance their language learning gradually by receiving

comprehensible defined comprehensible input as “i + 1” : “i”

represents learners’ current state of knowledge, the next stage is an “i

+ 1”.Krashen mistook input and intake, thus receive criticism.

7. 第二语言习得中个体差异包括:Language aptitude(能力) ,

Motivation,Learning strategies ,Age of acquisition(习得年龄) ,

Personality 。

8. 新词的构成包括:compounding(复合词)、derivation(派生词)、

coinage(创新词)、clipped words(缩略词)、blending(紧缩法)、

acronyms(首词缩略)、back-formation(逆构词法)、functional shift

(功能转换)、borrowing(借用)。

9. 语言的正式程度:intimate、casual、consultative、formal、frozen。

10. 语言变体分为哪三类:dialectal varieties(方言变体) ,register

(语域),degree of formality(正式度)。

11. 表示中介语石化的原因:satisfaction of communicative needs,lack of

control,quality of input,lack of input,native language influences,

inappropriate target language instruction。

二 缩写

WTO:World Trade Organization、UNESCO:United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization、LAD: Language Acquisition

Device、CPH: Critical Period Hypothesis(临界期假设)

SLA: Second Language Acquisition、UG: Universal Grammar、WHO:

World Health Organization

三 名词解释

1Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)A sub-field of linguistics that studies the

relation between language and society, between the uses of language and

the social structures in which the users of language live.


本文标签: 语言 变化 分析