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2024年3月22日发(作者：threadolet)
Unit 6
个性和对生活的看法是因人而异的。从生物宿命论(biological determinism)的观点来
看，一个人是无法逃脱基因特质的。从社会宿命论(social determinism)的观点来看，一个
人则无法逃脱社会环境，或者说，他的世界观基本上受其经济社会地位支配。在古代，人
们认为人体内有四种体液(the cardinal humors)，即血液(blood)、黏液(phlegm)、胆汁
(choler) 和黑胆汁(black bile)，这四种体液在一个人身上的比例决定了一个人的脾性。因
此，如果我们大多数人不是独自生活在荒野里，我们肯定要与不同个性和世界观的人发生
各种联系。为享有舒适的环境，我们应该努力使这些关系更加和谐。首先，我们应该欣赏
多样性，而不是为多样性感到苦恼。第二，我们绝不可干涉别人的私事；绝不可嘲笑别人
的品味。第三，我们应该为别人有着不同于我们追求的喜好而感到高兴。第四，我们应该
尽量避免很有可能引起争论的话题。第五，我们不应希望像两个律师或政治家一样彼此没
完没了地摆道理来解决一切问题。第六，我们应该记住美德和智慧可能有多种形式。第七，
我们应该尽量避免引起坏脾气的各种途径和原因。当然，我们只是提供了几条努力构建和
谐人际关系的原则，你还可以根据你的生活经历加上一些新的原则。
Personalities and views on life vary f rom individual to individual. In the light of
biologic al determinism, one can not escape from hereditary traits. In the light of
social determinism, one can not escape from social environment; in other words,
one’s world outlook is largely determined by his economic-social status. In
ancient times, people were believed to have four different cardinal humors,
namely blood, phlegm, choler and black bile, whose relative proportions in a
person determined his mental qualities. Therefore, if most of us should not live
alone in a wilderness, we are sure to have various relations with people of different
personalities and world outlooks. We should endeavor to make these relations
more harmonious so as to enjoy more comfortable surroundings. Firstly we should
appreciate diversities rather than feel distressed by diversities. Secondly, we
should never intrude on others’ privacy, or never ridicule others , tastes. Thirdly,
we should take delight in others ’ pursuits different from our own. Fourthly，we
should avoid as far as possible having subjects which are most likely to cause
disputation. Fifthly, we should not wish to settle everything by contending
endlessly with each other just like two lawyers or two politicians. Sixthly, we should
remember that virtues and wisdom may be displayed in various forms. Seventhly,
we should cut off as far as possible the means and causes of ill-temper. Of course ,
we have only offered a list of principles in an effort to build up harmonious
relationships between people, and you may add more to the list from your own life
experiences.
Unit 7
作者认为，国际主义情怀与世界主义情怀有着根本的差异。具有民族主义情怀是培养
国际主义精神的先决条件。国际主义和平主张反对任何形式的战争，不是毁灭各国之后的
和平。他相信，一个人对另—个民族的特性越赞赏，就越不会试图模仿这个民族的特性，
因为民族特性非常深刻，无法模仿。大部分人的问题在于仅仅凭着一些短暂的印象，就对
某一个民族的特性作出过于笼统的概括。另外，我们应该明白，从最宽泛意义上说，语言
可以被看做是一个民族的象征标示，因为语言包含了这个民族的生活方式、思维模式以及
他们的历史文化背景。语言和文化相互联系、相互依存。因此，如果你希望了解某一民族
的特性，学习他们的语言、了解他们的文化极其重要。
The author holds that there is an essential difference between being
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