高级英语下册的课文中英文翻译

（下）

Lesson One The Company in Which I work

我工作的公司

*In the company in which I work , each

of us is afraid of at least one person . 我

工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个

人。*The lower your position is , the

more people you are afraid of . 职位越

低，所惧怕的人越多。

*And all the people are afraid of the

twelve men at the top who helped found

and build the company and now own

and direct it .

所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们

帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权

在握。 *All these twelve men are elderly

now and drained by time 歲月滄桑and

success of energy and ambition . 所有这

十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑

和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。

*Many have spent their whole lives

here .They seem friendly ,slow , and

content when I come upon them in the

halls and always courteous(有禮貌的)

and mute 沉默不語的）when they ride

with others in the public elevators . 他们

中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。当我在大厅

里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉

稳而心满意足，而且他们与别人一起乘坐

公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语

*Nobody is sure anymore who really

runs the company ( not even the people

who are credited with running it ) , but

the company does run . 没有人知道谁真

正经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经

营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），然而

公司的确在运转。

*He makes it clear to me every now and

then that he wishes to see everything

coming out of my department before it is

shown to other departments 他有时会向

我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在

其他部门知道前要先让他知道。

*and I will bypass him on most of our

assignments rather than take up his time

and delay their delivery to people who

have an immediate need for them . 我会

将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要

它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。

*Most of the work we do in my

department is , in the long run, trivial

(鎖事). 毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是

微不足道的。

*He turns scarlet with rage and

embarrassment(惱羞成怒) is he has not

seen or heard of it . 如果他从未看见或

听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。

*The people in the company who are

most afraid of most people are the

salesmen . They live and work under

pressure that is extraordinary . When

things are bad , they are worse for the

salesmen ;when things are good , they

are not much better . 公司里非常惧怕大

多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工

作在极大压力之下，当情况不好时，对销

售人员来说就会更糟。而当情况较好时，

他们也不会好到哪儿去。

*They are always on trial , always on the

verge of failure , collectively and

individually .They strain even the most

secure and self assured of them , to look

good on paper ; They strain工作努力

even the most secure and self assured of

them , to look good on paper ; and there

is much paper for them to look good on .

Each week , for example , a record of the

sales results of the preceding week for

each sales office and for the Sales

Department as a whole for each division

of the company is kept and compared to

the sales results for the corresponding

week of the year before . 不论是从整体

上还是个人，他们总是在接受检查，总是

处于不合格的边缘。 他们工作非常努力

（就连他们中那些很有保障的和充满自

信的人都是这样）以使在书面评语上看上

去好一些， 况且要让他们看上去好的表

格多得很。 比如每星期为各部门准备的

每个销售办事处及销售部所作的前一星

期的销售业绩总记录加以保存并且与前

一年同期的销售业绩相比较。

*The figures are photocopied and

distributed throughout the company to

all the people and departments whose

work is related to selling . 这些数字被复

印后发到公司的每位员工和与销售有ce

of each division of the company are

doing at any关的部门。* The result of

the photocopying and distributing is that

there is almost continuous public

scrutiny 公開審查and discussion

throughout the company of how well or

poorly the salesmen in each sales offi

given time . 这样做的结果是公司几乎一

直在对每一个分公司的销售办事处中的

销售人员在某一既定时间内的工作业绩

进行公开审查和评论。

*When salesmen are doing well , there is

pressure upon them to begin doing

better , for fear they may start doing

worse . When they are doing poorly ,

they are doing terribly . When a

salesman lands a large order or brings in

an important new account , his elation is

brief , for there is danger he might lose

that large order or important new

account to a salesman from a competing

company the next time around . 当销售

人员业绩好时，他们因为要开始使工作做

得更好，以免不如以前，从而感到压力重

重。 当他们的业绩不佳时，他们就会做

得一塌糊涂` 当一个销售人员争取到了

一份大订单或者得到了一笔大的应收的

账款，他的兴奋也是短暂的，` 因为很可

能他的那份大订单或者大笔的进账下一

次有被竞争对手的公司拿去的危险，

*They are vigorous(精力旺盛) ,

fun-loving bunch愛說愛笑 when they

are not suffering abdominal cramps(消

化不良)or brooding miserably about the

future ; 在没有消化不良的困扰或不再

苦苦为未来忧虑时，他们是一群充满活

力、爱说爱笑的人。* on the other hand ,

they often turn cranky without warning

and complain a lot另一方面他们会突然

之间变得任性并且牢骚满腹，

*Each of them can name at least one

superior in the company who he feels has

a grudge(怨恨)against him and is

determined to wreck(毀) his career . 他

们每个人都至少能说出公司的一个上层

人物是令他极度不满并且觉得这个人会

毁了他的前程的。

*The salesmen work hard and earn big

salaries , with large personal expense

accounts that they squander(浪費， 揮

霍)generously on other people in and out

of the company , including me . 销售人

员工作努力，薪金丰厚，还有个人经费，

他们会把这笔个人经费挥霍在进出公司

的其他人的身上，其中包括我本人。

*They own good houses in good

communities and play good games of golf

on good private golf courses . 他们在豪

宅区拥有自己的房子，在高级的私人高尔

夫球场打球。

*The company encourages this . The

company , in fact , will pay for their

country club membership and all

charges they incur(開支) there , and

rewards salesmen who make a good

impression on the golf course . 公司鼓励

这种做法。实际上，公司为他们支付乡村

俱乐部会员费以及他们在那里的所有开

支，并且对那些在高尔夫球上给人留下深

刻印象的销售人员给予奖励。

*Unmarried men are not wanted in the

Sales Department , not even widowers ,

销售部不要未婚男士，甚至连丧偶的也不

要，

*for the company has learned from

experience that it is difficult and

dangerous for unmarried salesmen to

mix socially with與社交來往 prominent

executives and their wives or participate

with them in responsible civic affairs .

因为公司根据以往的经验得出，对未婚销

售人员来说与前程似锦的高级管理人员

以及他们的太太们进行社交来往或者参

与重大的活动不仅很困难而且危险。

*If a salesman’s wife dies and he is not

ready to remarry , he is usually moved

into an administrative position after

several months of mourning . 如果一位

销售人员的妻子去世了，而他又没有准备

再婚，那么通常在丧期后的几个月内他就

会调去做行政管理工作。 *They thrive

on explicit guidance toward clear

objectives . 他们在上司的点拨下获得成

功，业绩蒸蒸日上。

There must be something in the makeup

of a man that enables him not only to be

a salesman , but to want to be one .一个

人一定是具备某种特殊的性格和气质才

使他不但从事销售工作而且想做一名销

售人员。

* I am very good at these techniques of

deception(欺騙), although I am not

always able anymore to deceive myself .

In fact , I am continuously astonished by

people in the company who fall victim to

their own propaganda .There are so

many now who actually believe that

what we do is really important . 虽然我

不是总能欺骗我自己，但是却很擅长这些

骗人的把戏。宣傳实际上，我经常为公司

的人们被自己的宣传所欺骗而吃惊 ，现

在有很多人相信我们所做的工作是非常

重要的。

*And it’s a dumb person who’s

convinced he is wise . 只有愚蠢的人才会

自作聪明。

*It‘s a real problem to decide whether

it’s more boring to do something boring

than to pass along everything boring that

comes in to somebody else and then have

nothing to do at all . 要判断究竟是干令

人生厌的工作更加烦人，还是将令人生厌

的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦

人，这真是一个问题。

*Actually , I enjoy my work when the

assignments are large and urgent and

somewhat frightening and will come to

the attention of many people . I get

scared , and am unable to sleep at night ,

but I usually perform at my best under

this stimulating (刺激)kind of pressure

and enjoy my job the most . I handle all

of these important projects myself , and I

rejoice with tremendous pride and

vanity in the compliments I receive when

I do them wel，l But between such peaks

of challenge and elation興奮 there is

monotony and despair . 实际上，当任务

又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很

多人的注意时，我就非常喜欢我的工作。

我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这

种极有刺激的压力下，我的表现最佳，也

最喜欢我的工作。 我独自处理所有这些

重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我

会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚

荣之中。 但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之

间是单调与绝望。

Lesson Two Eveline伊芙林

*She sat at the window watching the

evening invade the avenue大街. 她坐在

窗前看着黄昏涌上大街。 *Her head was

leaned against the window curtains , and

in her nostrils鼻孔 was the odour 氣味

of dusty cretonne（印花棉布） . She was

tired . 她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔里满是提

花窗帘布上的尘土气味。她累了。

*Home ! She looked round the room ,

reviewing all its familiar objects which

she had dusted once a week for so many

years , wondering where on earth all the

dust came from . 家!她环顾屋内，审视着

这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切

熟悉的物品，心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多

灰尘。

She had consented to go away , to leave

her home . Was what wise ? She tried to

weigh each side of the question .In her

home anyway she had shelter and food ;

she had those whom she had known all

her life about her . Of course she had to

work hard , both in the house and at

business . What would they say of her in

the stores when they found out that she

had run away with a fellow ? Say she

was a fool , perhaps; and her place

would be filled up by advertisement。

Miss Gavan would be glad . She had

always had an edge on her , especially

whenever there were people listening .

她已经答应离开，离开自己的家。 这样

做明智吗？她试着权衡这个问题的每一

个方面。 在家里不管怎么说她有吃有住；

有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边。 当然

她得拼命干活，不论是在家里还是在商店

里。 如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人

跑了，她们会怎么说她呢？也许说她是一

个傻瓜；她们会登广告找别人代替她的位

置。 加文小姐会很高兴。她总是要压她

一头，尤其是有旁人听着的时候。

*She knew it was that that had given her

the palpitations (心驚肉跳). 她知道正是

因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳。

*When they were growing up he had

never gone for her , like he used to go for

Harry and Ernest , because she was a

girl ; but latterly he had begun to

threaten her and say what he would do

to her only for her dead mother’s sake .

她们长大以后，他还没有像他曾经打哈利

和欧内斯特那样打过她，因为她是个女

孩； 但最近他开始威胁地，说要不是因

为她死去的母亲的缘故，他会怎样对待

她。

Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our

Press? 我们的报纸问题何在？

*Newspapers have two great advantages

over television 报纸与电视相比具有两

大优越性。 They can be used by men as

barriers against their wives . 男人可以

把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障，

*The fact is that although network

television still allots分配 too little time

to the vital service of informing the

public , it does a better job in that little

time than the nation’s press as a whole .

And when I speak of the nation’s press

as a whole , I am not speaking of the five

or six splendid newspapers ----and the

one great newspaper -----which serve the

world as models of responsible public

information . 事实的，尽管电视节目在

为人众提供信息方面，安排的时间很少，

但总的来 说就在这有限的时间内，它在

全国新闻界中做得是最出色的。 这里我

提到的全国新闻界，不包括那五、六家尊

贵的报社——其中一家重要的报社——

一被当作是 全世界提供可靠消息的楷

模。

*I am speaking of the local press which

in hundreds of American communities is

the only news available , aside from

those recitals(復述) of ticker tape電訊稿

that pass for radio news . 我指的是那些

当地报纸。在美国的几百个社区中，除了

那些把电讯稿复述一遍充当新闻广播之

外，大众惟一能得到的新闻就来自这 些

报纸了，而它们并没有履行对大众的义

务。

*Television lives on advertising to an

even greater extent than newspapers ,

and since advertising is big business ,

advertising is by nature Republican .yet

nowhere in network newscasts or

network commentaries on current events

have I encountered the intense

partisanship , the often rabid bias that

colors the editorial pages of the majority

of newspapers in this country . 电视比报

纸依靠广告的程度甚至还要大，既然广告

是笔大生意，广告从本质上就是亲共和党

的。 然而无论在电视网的新闻节目中还

是时事评论中，我都未遇到这个国家大多

数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的

党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见。

*Fortunately for the American public ,

television does not tolerate the kind of

distortion of fact , the kind of partisan

virulence(惡毒攻擊) and personal peeve

（怨恨） ,many newspapers not only

welcome but encourage . 幸运的是对美

国公众来说，电视不允许那种对事实的歪

曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的

发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励

的。

*A newspaper has the right ----the duty

even ----to assume an attitude , to take a

position . But it has an equally sacred(神

聖的)right to explain that position in the

light of the opposing one , to document

that position , and to bolster(証實) it ,

not with emotion but with fact . 报纸有

权利甚至有责任具有某种态度、采取某一

立场，但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立

的观点来解释自己的立场，通过翔实的材

料来证实这一立场，并运用事实而不是感

情来支持这一立场。

*One of the greatest and most justified

criticisms of television has been that in

appealing to the largest audience

possible , it neglects minority audiences

and minority tastes . 对电视最强烈也是

最有道理的批评历来就是：它为了吸引最

大数量的观众，忽视了少数观众以及少数

人的爱好

*This is still largely true . But there is ,

perhaps , one program a day and many ,

of course , on Sunday which an

intelligent man or woman can enjoy and

derive interest from . 这一批评在很大程

度上仍是正确的。但是也许一天会有一个

节目，当然星期日会有许多个节目，是能

令聪明智慧的男女喜欢并产生兴趣的。

*In my trips east or west or north or

south , I pick up the local paper to find

this enjoyment or interest ---in vain(都未

能如願) . Now , surely there’s something

wrong here . 在我走南闯北的旅行中，每

次拿起当地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣

的东西，都未能如愿，显然这里存在着某

种问题。

*They have held their franchise(特權) so

long that change has become

inadmissible (不許可的). 报纸如此长期

地享有特权，已经无法接受改变了。

Four 美国的养老政策

*Though we have begun to examine the

socially taboo(忌諱) subjects of dying

and death , we have leaped over that that

long period of time preceding death , we

have leaped over that long period of time

preceding death known as old age . 虽然

我们已开始研究有关临终和死亡这个为

社会所忌讳的题目，但是我们却跳过了死

亡来临之前、称为老年的那一段漫长的时

间。

*Death is a dramatic one-time crisis

while old age is a day-by –day and year

–by –year confrontation with (對

抗)powerful external and internal forces ,

a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s

own personality and one’s life .。 死亡

是富有戏剧性的一次性危机，而老年则一

天天一年年都在与强大的内外力量抗争，

是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己的个性

和生活的过程

*Our popular attitudes could be summed

up as a combination of wishful thinking

and stark terror . 可以把流行在我们之

中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和赤裸裸的恐

惧的结合。

*We base our feelings on primitive fears ,

prejudice(偏見) and stereotypes(墨守成

規) rather than on knowledge and

insight . 我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、

偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和

远见之上。

*Old age is neither inherently miserable

(痛苦的)nor inherently sublime(卓越

的)---like every stage of life

老年既不是天生就是痛苦的，也不是天生

就是美满的，正如生命中每一阶段一样，

*The process of aging and eventual

death must ultimately be accepted as the

natural progression of the life cycle , the

old completing their prescribed life

spans and making way for the young .

Much that is unique in old age in fact

derives from the reality of aging and the

imminence (迫近)of death . 年老的过程

及最后的死亡必须最终作为生命周期的

自然进程被人们所接受，老人结束他们各

自的寿数，为年轻人让路。 事实上，老

年独特之处多是由于衰老这一现实及死

亡之逼近。

*For many elderly Americans old age is

a tragedy, a period of quiet despair ,

deprivation desolation and muted rage .

对许多美国老年人来说，老年是个悲剧，

是沉默绝望，各方面被剥夺、凄凉孤寂、

无言的愤怒的时期，

*This can be a consequence of the kind

of life a person has led in younger years

and the problems in his or her

relationships with others . 这种情况可能

是一个人过去某种生活和他或她人际关

系上存在的问题造成的后果，

*There are also inevitable personal and

physical losses to be sustained , some of

which can become overwhelming and

unbearable 同时还要承受无法避免的失

去亲人或丧失身体机能的痛苦，有些可能

会使人难以自拔，无法忍受。

*The tragedy of old age is not the fact

that each of us must grow old and die

but that the process of doing so has been

made unnecessarily and at times

excruciatingly painful , humiliating ,

debilitating and isolating through

insensitivity , ignorance and poverty . 老

龄的悲剧并不是在于我们每个人正常变

老和死亡，而是在于这过程被冷漠、愚昧

和贫困搞得充满了不必要的，有时是难忍

的痛苦屈辱、虚弱与孤独。

*The potentials for satisfactions and

even triumphs in late life are real and

vastly underexplored 晚年生活中取得满

足甚至成功的可能性是确实存在的，而且

还远远没有发掘出来。

*Poverty or drastically lowered income

and old age go hand in hand . 贫困或收

入的大幅度下降与老年携手而至，

*People who are poor all their lives

remain poor as they grow old . Most of

us realize this . 一生贫困的人们老后仍

然贫困，我们大多数人都认识到这一点。

Savings can be wiped out by a single

unexpected catastrophe .只要一个意想不

到的灾祸就可以将积蓄化为乌有。

*When Social Security becomes the sole

o r primary income , it means

subsistence –level styles for many , and

recent increases do not keep up with

soaring costs of living . 当社会福利成为

仅有的、主要的收入时，这对许多人就意

味着仅能勉强维持生活，而且新增加的福

利金赶不上高涨的生活费用。`

*Private pension plans often do not pay

off , and pension payments that do come

in are not tied to inflationary彌補

decreases in buying power. 各种非官方

的养老金制度经常不能支付全部应付金

额，而得到的养老金数 目又不能弥补由

于通货膨胀而造成的购买力下降。

*Many more must deprive themselves of

essentials to keep their homes in repair .

更多的人为了保持房子适于居住进行维

修而不得不牺牲一些必需品。

*The American dream promised older

people that if they worked hard enough

all their lives , things would turn out well

for them . Today’s elderly were brought

up to believe in pride , self-reliance and

independence . Many are tough ,

determined individuals who manage to

survive against adversity . But even the

tough ones reach a point where help

should be available to them . 美国梦给

老人这样的期望，只要他们一生努力工

作，一切终会好的。 今天的老人在成长

过程中受到的教育是信奉自尊、自立、自

主。 许多都是能在逆境中生存下来的坚

韧不拔而又有主见的人物，但即使是坚韧

不拔的人们也会需要得到帮助。

*Medicare pays for only 45 per cent of

older people’s health expenses ;the

balance must come from their own

incomes and savings , or from Medicaid ,

which requires a humiliating (羞恥

的)means test . 国家医疗制度只支付老

年人医疗费用的45％，余下部分得从他

们自己的收入或积蓄中支付，或由医疗补

贴计划来支付，但为此必须接受令人羞辱

的家庭经济情况调查。

*A serious illness can mean instant

poverty . 一场重病可能意味着顷刻之间

变得一贫如洗。

*Because of loneliness , confusion ,

hearing and visual difficulties they are

prime victims of dishonest door –to –

door salesmen and fraudulent

advertising , and buy defective hearing

aids , dance lessons , useless “ Medicare

insurance supplements “ , and quack

health remedies 由于寂寞、糊涂、耳聋

眼花，他们是狡诈的挨门挨户推销商品的

人和骗人的广告的主要受害者，买下有毛

病的助听器，报名上舞蹈课，参加毫无 用

处的“国家医疗保障制度补充保险”，还

购买骗人的假药。

Lesson Five Trifles (Part One ) 琐事

*They are followed by two women ---the

sheriff ‘s wife first ; she is a slight wiry

瘦长却很结实 woman , with a thin

nervous face .Mrs. Hale is larger and

would ordinarily be called more

comfortable looking , but she is

disturbed now and looks fearfully about

as she enters . The women have come in

slowly , and stand close together near the

door . 琐事（第一部分）

他们的身后跟着两个女人——前面的司

法官夫人，她身材略显瘦长却很结实，面

庞消瘦，而且紧张不安。后面是黑尔夫人，

她身材高大，模样平时还称得上令人愉

快，但现在却心烦意乱，一进屋就惊恐地

四处张望。两个女人缓缓地走进房间，紧

挨在一起站在门边。 *She moved from

that chair to this one over here .

( pointing to a small chair in the corner . )

and just sat there with her hands held

together and looking down .I got a

feeling that I ought to make some

conversation , so I said I had come in to

see if John wanted to put in a telephone ,

and at that she started to laugh , and

then she stopped an looked at me

-----scared . ( The county attorney , who

has had his notebook out , makes a

note . ) 她从那把椅子上移到这边的这把

上（指着屋角的一把小椅子）。坐在那里

双手握在一起，两眼看着下边。 我有种

感觉应该说点儿什么，于是我说我来是看

看约翰是否愿意装一部电话，她听后大笑

起来，然后停下来注视着我——神色惊

慌。（县法官早已掏出记事本，现在做了

个记录）

*I guess before we’re through she may

have something more serious than

preserves to worry about . 我猜想在我

们干完之前她可能还有比水果更重要的

东西要担心。

*The sheriff follows the county attorney

into the other room . Then Mrs. Hale