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2024年1月17日发(作者:json字符串转list)

一、Tomcat

基本配置

1.为Tomcat提供SysV脚本

na 脚本讲解

登录管理Tomcat

4.配置Tomcat虚拟主机

图形管理接口

6.部署JSP网站案例

二、Nginx反向代理Tomcat服务器

将请求反向代理到后端Tomcat

将图片缓存到本地

将请求实现动静分离

注,实验环境说明,操作系统:CentOS 6.4 x86_64,软件版本:jdk-7u40、apache-tomcat-7.0.42、Nginx-1.4.2,博客中所用到的软件请到这里下载:/QGBCLwrZnpLMS。

一、Tomcat 基本配置

1.为Tomcat提供SysV脚本

注,在上一篇博文中我们已经演示安装了Tomcat,这里我们就不在演示,不清楚的博友可以参考这篇博文,/2033581/1299644,在上一篇博文中我们没有增加,SysV脚本,在这篇博文中我们来增加一下,下面我们就来具体演示一下。

[root@tomcat ~]# vim /etc/init.d/tomcat

#!/bin/sh

# Tomcat init script for Linux.

#

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# chkconfig: 2345 96 14

# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.

CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat #注意你的脚本路径

export CATALINA_HOME

# export CATALINA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"

exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/ $*

下面我们来增加执行权限,并加入服务列表设置开机自启动,

[root@tomcat ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat

[root@tomcat ~]# chkconfig --add tomcat

[root@tomcat ~]# chkconfig tomcat --list

tomcat 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭

下面我们来启动一下Tomcat并测试一下,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

查看一下启动的端口号,

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1121/master

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12988/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13053/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 13088/java

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1044/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1121/master

tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 12988/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 13053/sshd

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tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 13088/java

tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 13088/java

用浏览器访问一下,

好了,到这里Tomcat的SysV脚本增加完成,下面我们来说一下catalina脚本。

na 脚本讲解

首先我们来查看一下这个脚本,

[root@tomcat bin]# -h

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

Usage: ( commands ... )

commands:

debug Start Catalina in a debugger

debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager

jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger

run Start Catalina in the current window

run -security Start in the current window with security manager

start Start Catalina in a separate window

start -security Start in a separate window with security manager

stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end

stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end

stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running

stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running

configtest Run a basic syntax check on - check exit code for result

version What version of tomcat are you running?

Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined

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注,从帮助上来看,这个脚本使用还是挺简单的。下面我们来说几个常用的选项,

下面我们就来具体演示一下,

[root@tomcat ~]# configtest

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

九月 21, 2013 11:08:26 下午 ecycleListener init

信息: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the : /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib

九月 21, 2013 11:08:27 下午 ctProtocol init

信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]

九月 21, 2013 11:08:27 下午 ctProtocol init

信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]

九月 21, 2013 11:08:27 下午 na load

信息: Initialization processed in 1269 ms

注,使用configtest选项时,得关闭Tomcat,不然会报错。

启动Tomcat,

[root@tomcat ~]# start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

关闭Tomcat,

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[root@tomcat ~]# stop

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

查看Tomcat版本,

[root@tomcat ~]# version

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42

Server built: Jul 2 2013 08:57:41

Server number: 7.0.42.0

OS Name: Linux

OS Version: 6.x86_64

Architecture: amd64

JVM Version: 1.7.0_40-b43

JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation

好了,catalina脚本,我们就说到这里了,下面我们来说一下telnet管理Tomcat。

登录管理Tomcat

注,在说telnet管理Tomcat之前,我们得先看一下默认的配置文件,这里面定义了默认的管理端口,

[root@tomcat ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

说明,定义了一个管理端口为8005,我们可以用telnet直接登录进本机的8005端口,来执行SHUTDOWN命令,来关闭Tomcat实例。下面我们来具体演示一下,

先安装telnet客户端,

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[root@tomcat ~]# yum install -y telnet

下面我们一测试并查看,

[root@tomcat ~]# telnet localhost 8005

Trying ::1...

telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused

Trying 127.0.

Connected to localhost.

Escape character is '^]'.

SHUTDOWN #输入SHOWDOWN就可以直接关闭Tomcat服务。

Connection closed by foreign host.

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1121/master

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12988/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13053/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1044/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1121/master

tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 12988/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 13053/sshd

注,大家可以看到Tomcat服务器已经关闭。好了,telnet管理我们就说到这里,下面我们来说一下,Tomcat虚拟主机的配置。

4.配置Tomcat虚拟主机

注,在说Tomcat虚拟主机之前,咱们来详细的看看默认的配置文件,虽然在上一篇博客中全部有讲解,在这篇博客中我还是再和大家简单说一下,下面是默认配置文件。大家可以看到,绝大部分的配置文件是注释,包含在、全是注释。下面我们就来具体的看看,注释我们就不说了,说具体的定义的内容

[root@tomcat ~]# cat /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

#大家可以看到,这里是我们刚才讲解的,定义一个管理接口

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type="tabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="UserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/" />

#定义一个Service命令为Catalina

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" /> #这里定义了一个连接器,协议为http,端口为8080,最大连接超时为20s,这里还定义了一个SSL的重定向端口8443。我们可以根据需要进行修改。一般我们都用80端口与443端口。

#这里定义了一个支持AJP协议的连接器。

#这里定义了一个名为Catalina的引擎,并定义了一个默认主机为localhost。

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resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> #这里就是定义的虚拟主机。

prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"

pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> #这里定义了一个日志相关的属性。

好了,在这里我们又简单的说明一下,配置文件下面我们就来具体演示一下怎么配置虚拟主机。

首先,我们来修改一下配置文件,

[root@tomcat conf]# vim

#增加下面几行

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

接下来我们来创建文档目录与测试页面,

[root@tomcat ~]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp

[root@tomcat ~]# cd /web/webapp

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[root@tomcat webapp]# vim

<%@ page language="java" %>

<%@ page import=".*" %>

JSP test page.

<% n("Welcome to test. Site, "); %>

现在我们来测试一下我们修改的配置文件,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat stop

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

^[[A[root@tomcat service tomcat configtest

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

Sep 22, 2013 2:15:47 AM ecycleListener init

INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the : /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib

Sep 22, 2013 2:15:47 AM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-80"]

Sep 22, 2013 2:15:47 AM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]

Sep 22, 2013 2:15:47 AM na load

INFO: Initialization processed in 1294 ms

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注,大家可以看到,我们这里没有报错,说明配置都是正确的,若配置有错误,会在最后一行提醒你。

再下面我们来启动Tomcat并测试一下,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0

0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1121/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13368/sshd tcp 0 0

127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:*

LISTEN 13407/sshd tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 13557/java tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

1044/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1121/master tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN

13368/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN

13407/sshd tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 13557/java

注,还有一点得说明一下,我这里为了方便测试,将默认端口8080修改为了80端口。下面是测试效果,

为了帮助大家理解,我们这里再次讲解一下,Host组件与Context组件以及相关属性。

Host组件:

位于Engine容器中用于接收请求并进行相应处理的主机或虚拟主机,如前面我们自定义的内容:

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

常用属性说明:

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name:定义虚拟主机的域名

appBase:此Host的webapps目录,即存放非归档的web应用程序的目录或归档后的WAR文件的目录路径;可以使用基于$CATALINA_HOME的相对路径;

autoDeploy:在Tomcat处于运行状态时放置于appBase目录中的应用程序文件是否自动进行deploy;默认为true;

unpackWars:在启用此webapps时是否对WAR格式的归档文件先进行展开;默认为true;

主机别名定义:

如果一个主机有两个或两个以上的主机名,额外的名称均可以以别名的形式进行定义,如下:

Context组件:

Context在某些意义上类似于apache中的路径别名,一个Context定义用于标识tomcat实例中的一个Web应用程序。如下面的定义:

docBase="/web/threads/bbs"

reloadable="true">

在Tomcat中,每一个context定义也可以使用一个单独的XML文件进行,其文件的目录为$CATALINA_HOME/conf//。可以用于Context中的XML元素有Loader,Manager,Realm,Resources和WatchedResource。

常用的属性定义有:

docBase:相应的Web应用程序的存放位置;也可以使用相对路径,起始路径为此Context所属Host中appBase定义的路径;切记,docBase的路径名不能与相应的Host中appBase

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中定义的路径名有包含关系,比如,如果appBase为deploy,而docBase绝不能为deploy-bbs类的名字;

path:相对于Web服务器根路径而言的URI;如果为空“”,则表示为此webapp的根路径;如果context定义在一个单独的xml文件中,此属性不需要定义;

reloadable:是否允许重新加载此context相关的Web应用程序的类;默认为false;

为了便于大家理解,我们这里再定义一个Context并测试一下,

我们先来修改一下配置文件

[root@tomcat conf]# vim

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

#增加这一行

下面来增加目录文档与测试文件,

[root@tomcat webapp]# mkdir /web/test

[root@tomcat webapp]# cd /web/test

[root@tomcat test]# vim

<%@ page language="java" %>

TomcatA

TomcatA

<% ribute("abc","abc"); %>

Session ID <%= () %>
Created on <%= ationTime() %>

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测试一下配置文件是否有错并启动Tomcat,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat configtest Using CATALINA_BASE:

/usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using

CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using

CLASSPATH:

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/ Sep 22,

2013 2:40:57 AM ecycleListener init INFO: The APR

based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in

production environments was not found on the :

/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib Sep 22, 2013 2:40:58

AM ctProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler

["http-bio-80"] Sep 22, 2013 2:40:58 AM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] Sep 22, 2013 2:40:58 AM

na load INFO: Initialization processed in 1352 ms

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0

0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1121/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13587/sshd tcp 0 0

127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:*

LISTEN 13407/sshd tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 13945/java tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

1044/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1121/master tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN

13587/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN

13407/sshd tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 13945/java tcp 0

0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 13945/java

下面我们就用浏览器测试一下,

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好了,到这里我们的Tomcat虚拟主机的讲解就到这里了,下面我们来说一下Tomcat图形管理接口。

图形管理接口

我们先来看一下默认的图形配置界面,

注,大家注意看右上角,我用红色方框标记出来的,大家可以看有三个按钮,分别为

Server Status 主要用来查看服务器的状态

Manager App 主要用来管理应用程序的部署及监控

Host Manager 主要用来管理虚拟主机

下面我们就来具休的配置一下,大家可以看到,你点击任何一个按钮都要输入用户名和密码的,在我们配置之前我们先来说一下,Tomcat的Manager功能,

Manager的四个管理角色:

manager-gui - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status pages

manager-script - allows access to the text interface and the status pages

manager-jmx - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status pages

manager-status - allows access to the status pages only

注,这里我说一下,上面的英文比较简单我就不在里翻译了,大家自己看一下。

下面我们就来启用manager功能,修改文件,添加如下行:

简单解释一下,Tomcat有内置的角色,我们这里增加了两个角色一个为manager-gui,另一个为admin-gui,用户名和密码都为tomcat。

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注,增加的内容一定要在之间。不然,不会生效。好了,下面我们一来测试一下配置文件,并重新启动一下Tomcat

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat configtest Using CATALINA_BASE:

/usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using

CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using

CLASSPATH:

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/ Sep 22,

2013 3:08:44 AM ecycleListener init INFO: The APR

based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in

production environments was not found on the :

/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib Sep 22, 2013 3:08:44

AM ctProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler

["http-bio-80"] Sep 22, 2013 3:08:44 AM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] Sep 22, 2013 3:08:44 AM

na load INFO: Initialization processed in 1213 ms

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0

0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1121/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13587/sshd tcp 0 0

127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:*

LISTEN 13407/sshd tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 14197/java tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

1044/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1121/master tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN

13587/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 13387/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN

13407/sshd tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 14197/java tcp 0

0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 14197/java

好了,下面我们用浏览器查看一下,

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注,点击Server Status按钮,让你输入用户名和密码。我这里全部设置是tomcat。

然后,会出现以下界面。显示全部服务器运行状态!大家可以仔细的看一下,我就不带着大家看了。

下面是应用程序部署管理界面,

下面是虚拟主机管理页面,

注,我们一般在生产环境中用的最多是应用程序部署界面,可以进行热布署应用程序,很方便,大家可以尝试一下。好了,图形管理界面我们就说到这里了,下面我们来说一下,Tomcat的一个小案例。我们说了那么多,有朋友就会说了,怎么一个案例也没有呢?下面我们就来布署一个社交网站的案例JavaCenter Home。

6.部署JSP网站案例

首页,我们来修改一下配置文件,

[root@tomcat conf]# vim

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

注,增加一下虚拟主机,文件目录为/web/webapp。

下面我们来解压一下我们下载好的JavaCenter Home网站程序,

[root@tomcat src]# tar xf JavaCenter_Home_2.0_2

接下来将解压好的JavaCenter Home程序移动到/web/webapp下,

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[root@tomcat src]# cd JavaCenter_Home_2.0_GBK

[root@tomcat JavaCenter_Home_2.0_GBK]# mv * /web/webapp/

下面我们来测试一下配置文件并启动Tomcat服务,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat configtest

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

Sep 23, 2013 5:31:18 PM ecycleListener init

INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the : /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21/jre/../lib/amd64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib

Sep 23, 2013 5:31:20 PM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-80"]

Sep 23, 2013 5:31:20 PM ctProtocol init

INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]

Sep 23, 2013 5:31:20 PM na load

INFO: Initialization processed in 2493 ms

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1026/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1256/master

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1339/sshd

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1165/mysqld

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tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1499/java

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1026/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1256/master

tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1339/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 1499/java

下面我们用浏览器访问一下,(注,要想用域名访问,必须配置本机有hosts文件,Windows7hosts文件目录,C:WindowsSystem32driversetchosts)

注,上面的错误说明我们连接Mysql数据库失败。因为我们这里还没有安装与配置嘛。下面我们赶快来配置一下,

先安装数据库,我们这里就用yum安装一下,

[root@tomcat ~]# yum install -y mysql-server

下面来启动并配置mysql,

[root@tomcat ~]# service mysqld start

Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

[root@tomcat ~]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.1.69 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

好了,到这里我们mysql就安装完成了,下面我们来看一下我们的程序目录,

[root@tomcat ~]# cd /web/webapp/

[root@tomcat webapp]# ls

admin data

ties image source WEB-INF

api

20

errors install META-INF template

attachment theme

大家可以看到里面有个install的目录,下面我们用浏览器访问一下,/install,会跳出一个安装界面,如下图

从图中,我们可以看出,所以环境配置完成,都符合要求。下面我们点击“接受授权协议,开始安装JavaCenter Home”,会跳出下一界面,如下图

从图中,我们可以看出得输入,数据库名称、数据库用户名、数据库密码。下面我们就来增加一下,

[root@tomcat ~]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.

Your MySQL connection id is 13

Server version: 5.1.69 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database jcenter;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on jcenter.* to jcenter@'localhost' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on jcenter.* to jcenter@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

上面创建一个jcenter数据库,授权访问一个jcenter用户,密码为123456。下面我们继续配置,

21

我们输入刚才设置的数据库用户名、数据库密码、数据库名称。点击“设置完毕,检测我的数据库配置”,图显示的3和4会看自动进行安装,我们只等一会即可。安装完成的效果如下图,

下面我们开通一个管理员空间,用户名和密码都为admin,如下图

点击“开通管理员空间”,会跳出另一个界面,如下图

我们点击“进入空间首页”,效果如下图

好了,到这里我们的JavaCenter Home就全部配置完成了,我们第一阶段的基本配置就这里全部完成,下面我们主要讲解Nginx反向代理Tomcat服务器。

二、Nginx反向代理Tomcat服务器

0.测试环境准备阶段

下面先看一下实验拓扑,

接着来同步各节点时间,

[root@tomcat ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101

[root@nginx ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101

下面我们来安装nginx服务器,首先来解决nginx的依赖关系,

22

[root@nginx ~]# yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment"

[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel pcre-devel

下面我们来新建nginx用户,

[root@nginx ~]# groupadd -r -g 108 nginx

[root@nginx ~]# useradd -r -g 108 -u 108 nginx

[root@nginx ~]# id nginx

uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 组=108(nginx)

接着我们来开始编译和安装,

[root@nginx src]# tar xf

[root@nginx src]# cd nginx-1.4.2

[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ls

auto CHANGES conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src

[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure

> --prefix=/usr

> --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx

> --conf-path=/etc/nginx/

> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/

> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/

> --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/

> --lock-path=/var/lock/

> --user=nginx

> --group=nginx

> --with-http_ssl_module

> --with-http_flv_module

> --with-http_stub_status_module

> --with-http_gzip_static_module

> --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/

> --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/

> --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/

> --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi

> --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi

> --with-pcre

[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install

23

说明:

Nginx可以使用Tmalloc(快速、多线程的malloc库及优秀性能分析工具)来加速内存分配,使用此功能需要事先安装gperftools,而后在编译nginx添加--with-google_perftools_module选项即可。

如果想使用nginx的perl模块,可以通过为configure脚本添加--with-http_perl_module选项来实现,但目前此模块仍处于实验性使用阶段,可能会在运行中出现意外,因此,其实现方式这里不再介绍。如果想使用基于nginx的cgi功能,也可以基于FCGI来实现,具体实现方法请参照网上的文档。

下面我们为nginx提供SysV init脚本,

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/sh

#

# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse

# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# processname: nginx

# config: /etc/nginx/

# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"

prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {

# make required directories

user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^

24

]*).*/1/g' -`

options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`

for opt in $options; do

if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then

value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`

if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then

# echo "creating" $value

mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value

fi

fi

done

}

start() {

[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

make_dirs

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

retval=$?

echo

[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

return $retval

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $prog -QUIT

retval=$?

echo

[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

return $retval

}

restart() {

configtest || return $?

stop

sleep 1

start

}

reload() {

25

configtest || return $?

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

killproc $nginx -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

force_reload() {

restart

}

configtest() {

$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

}

rh_status() {

status $prog

}

rh_status_q() {

rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

}

case "$1" in

start)

rh_status_q && exit 0

$1

;;

stop)

rh_status_q || exit 0

$1

;;

restart|configtest)

$1

;;

reload)

rh_status_q || exit 7

$1

;;

force-reload)

force_reload

;;

status)

26

rh_status

;;

condrestart|try-restart)

rh_status_q || exit 0

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

exit 2

esac

而后为此脚本赋予执行权限,

[root@nginx ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动,

[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig --add nginx

[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig nginx on

而后就可以启动服务并测试了,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx start

正在启动 nginx: [确定]

[root@nginx ~]# netstat -ntulp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14006/nginx

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1029/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1105/master

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1345/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1029/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1105/master

tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1345/sshd

下面是测试结果,

27

好了,到这里我们准备工作就全部完成了,下面们来简单的配置一下Nginx反向代理Tomcat服务器。

将请求反向代理到后端Tomcat

首先,我们来修改一下nginx的配置文件,

[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/

[root@nginx nginx]# cp

[root@nginx nginx]# vim

#user nobody;

worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/;

#error_log logs/ notice;

#error_log logs/ info;

#pid logs/;

events {

worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

include ;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/ main;

sendfile on;

#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/ main;

location / {

#root html;

#index ;

28

proxy_pass 192.168.18.201/; #注释默认两行,新增一行。

}

#error_page 404 /;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /

#

error_page 500 502 503 504 /;

location = / {

root html;

}

}

}

重新加载一下配置文件,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/ syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/ test is successful

重新载入 nginx: [确定]

下面进行测试一下,(注,首先你得保证你的tomcat服务器能正常访问,下面我们先来访问一下tomcat服务器,如下图)

大家可以看到我们的tomcat服务器可以正常访问,下面我们来看测试一下nginx可不可以进行反向代理。(注,还有问题,这里为了方便测试我们先将tomcat的默认主机设置为)

[root@tomcat ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

重新启动一下tomcat并测试,

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat stop

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/to

29

[root@tomcat ~]# service tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/

[root@tomcat ~]# netstat -ntulp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1026/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1256/master

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1339/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2744/sshd

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2382/mysqld

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3299/java

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1026/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1256/master

tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1339/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 2744/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 3299/java

下面我们来访问测试一下tomcat服务器,

下面我们来测试看nginx是否能代理tomcat服务器,

好了,大家可以看到我们成功设置了nginx反向代理tomcat服务器。好了,大家可以看到,我们网站上有很多的图片,每次访问都要去后端的tomcat服务器上去取,很消耗服务器资源。我们下面将设置在nginx服务器上缓存图片。

将图片缓存到本地

30

同样的,我们先来修改配置文件,

[root@nginx nginx]# cat

#user nobody;

worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/;

#error_log logs/ notice;

#error_log logs/ info;

#pid logs/;

events {

worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

include ;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/ main;

sendfile on;

#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=first:10m inactive=24h

max_size=1G; #新建缓存路径与相关属性

upstream backend { #建立后端tomcat服务器

server 192.168.18.201 weight=1;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/ main;

location / {

#root html;

#index ;

#proxy_pass 192.168.18.201/; #注释原来的代理设置

31

proxy_pass backend/; #启动后端服务器

}

location ~* ".(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|html|css|js)$" { #缓存图片与静态内容

proxy_pass backend;

proxy_cache first;

proxy_cache_valid 200 24h; #200状态缓存24小时

proxy_cache_valid 302 10m; #302状态缓存10分钟

add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status; #在http头部增加一个字段显示是否命令缓存

}

#error_page 404 /;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /

#

error_page 500 502 503 504 /;

location = / {

root html;

}

}

}

下面我们来新建缓存目录,

[root@nginx ~]# mkdir -pv /nginx/cache

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/nginx"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/nginx/cache"

测试一下配置文件是否有错,

[root@nginx ~]# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/ syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/ test is successful

重新加载配置文件,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/ syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/ test is successful

重新载入 nginx: [确定]

那么下面我们就来测试一下,

32

大家可以看到我们访问的所有的静态内容都是命中的,X-Cache-Status: HIT,下面们来看一下缓存的目录,

[root@nginx ~]# cd /nginx/cache/

[root@nginx cache]# ls

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 b c d e

大家可以看到,缓存目录当中有我们缓存的内容,好了到这里我们的nginx缓存服务就配置完成了,下面我们看一下如何实现动静分离。

将请求实现动静分离

首先,我们来说一下我们要实现的效果,上面我们已经将静态内容缓存在nginx服务器上,我们想让用户请求的静态内容到nginx去取,动态内容到tomcat服务器上去取,这就能实现动静分享效果。同样的首先我们来修改配置文件,

[root@nginx nginx]# cat

#user nobody;

worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/;

#error_log logs/ notice;

#error_log logs/ info;

#pid logs/;

events {

worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

include ;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/ main;

sendfile on;

#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

33

#gzip on;

proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=first:10m inactive=24h

max_size=1G;

upstream backend {

server 192.168.18.201 weight=1;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/ main;

index ;

location ~* ".(jsp|do)$" { #当请求的是jsp或do文件时直接到tomcat上去取

#root html;

#index ;

#proxy_pass 192.168.18.201/;

#proxy_pass backend/;

proxy_pass backend;

}

location = / {

root html;

rewrite ^/ 192.168.18.201/ last;

}

location ~* ".(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|html|css|js)$" {

proxy_pass backend;

proxy_cache first;

proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;

proxy_cache_valid 302 10m;

add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;

}

#error_page 404 /;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /

#

error_page 500 502 503 504 /;

location = / {

root html;

}

34

}

}

下面我们来检查一下配置文件是否有误,

[root@nginx ~]# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/ syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/ test is successful

重新加载一下配置文件,

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/ syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/ test is successful

重新载入 nginx: [确定]

下面我们来访问测试一下,

大家可以看到我们的静态内容来自缓存,动态内容全部代理到后端的tomcat服务器上了,说明我们动态分离配置完成,好了到这里我们的tomcat的基本配置与nginx反向代理tomcat的配置就全部完成了,最后希望大家有所收获^_^……

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