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2023年12月23日发(作者:自己搭建棋牌源码)
1、oracle linux 6.5.0安装及套件选择
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用户名root,密码martin
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使用Basic Server进行安装,并需添加以下套件
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(1)Base System
Base System需安装8个套件
Base System > Base
Base System > Client management tools
Base System > Compatibility libraries
Base System > Hardware monitoring utilities
Base System > Large Systems Performance
Base System > Network file system client
Base System > Performance Tools
Base System > Perl Support
Oracle Linux 6.5.0上
Base System中默认已勾选套件:Base、Hardware monitoring utilities、Large Systems
Performance、Network file system client、Performance Tools、Perl Support;
Base System中默认无Client management tools套件;
Base System中需手动勾选Compatibility libraries套件。
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(2)Servers
Servers需安装2个套件
Servers > Server Platform
Servers > System administration tools
Oracle Linux 6.5.0上
Servers中默认已勾选套件:Server Platform;
Servers中需手动勾选System administration tools套件。
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(3)Desktops
Desktops需安装7个套件
Desktops > Desktop
Desktops > Desktop Platform
Desktops > Fonts
Desktops > General Purpose Desktop
Desktops > Graphical Administration Tools
Desktops > Input Methods
Desktops > X Window System
Oracle Linux 6.5.0上
Desktops中默认没有已勾选套件;
Desktops中需手动勾选Desktop、Desktop Platform、Fonts、General Purpose Desktop、Graphical
Administration Tools、Input Methods、X Window System套件。
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(4)Development
Development需安装2个套件
Development > Additional Development
Development > Development Tools
Oracle Linux 6.5.0上
Development中默认没有已勾选套件;
Development中需手动勾选Additional Development、Development Tools套件;
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(5)Applications
Applications需安装1个套件
Applications > Internet Browser
Oracle Linux 6.5.0上
Applications中默认没有已勾选套件;
Applications中需手动勾选Internet Browser套件;
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套件选择完毕,英文版共1317个Packages,next开始安装。中文版是1321个Packages
建议使用英文版
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安装完成,重启
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2、oracle linux 6.5.0安装后的配置
登录用户名
root
lbj
(1)网络配置
停止NetworkManager服务,并设为不自动启动
密码
martin
lbj
修改eth0和eth1的配置文件
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
默认为:
修改为:
ONBOOT改为yes,BOOTPROTO改为none,并添加IPADDR、NETMASK、GATEWAY、DNS1/2
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
默认为:
修改为:
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ONBOOT改为yes,BOOTPROTO改为none,并添加IPADDR、NETMASK
使network服务自动启动:chkconfig network on
重启network服务:service network restart
网络测试
配置完毕。经过以上配置,已可使用ssh登录。
若SSH服务未启动:
service sshd restart
chkconfig sshd on
修改eth0和eth1的配置文件也可通过setup命令进行。
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(2)主机名、DNS配置
确认主机名配置:VM
在/etc/hosts中将主机名对应配置进去:
格式:
192.168.1.69 VM OracleDB
(3)安全配置
关闭防火墙:
[root@DB ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@DB ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@DB ~]#
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将SELinux设为Permissive模式
(1)permissive对于违反规则的操作只会予以记录而并不会拒绝操作)
(2)enforcing违反Policy的规则(Rules)都会被SELinux拒绝
(3)disable完全禁用SELinux
3、修改主要配置文件
(1)/etc/
[root@DB ~]# vim /etc/
增加如下参数(oracle建议):
_dumpable = 1
-max-nr = 1048576
-max = 6815744
= 2097152
= 536870912
= 4096
= 250 32000 100 128
_local_port_range = 9000 65500
_default = 262144
_max = 4194304
_default = 262144
_max = 1048586
其中中已有,需注释掉:
= 68719476736
= 4294967296
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执行sysctl -p让配置生效
[root@DB ~]# sysctl -p
(2)/etc/security/
增加如下参数:
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
4、从Oracle Linux 6.5 光盘安装以下软件包
# From Oracle Linux 6 DVD
[root@OracleDB ~]# cd /media/OL6.5 x86_64 Disc 1 20131125/Server/Packages/
rpm -Uvh binutils-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2*x86_64* nss-softokn-freebl-3*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686* nss-softokn-freebl-3*i686*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i686*
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64*
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rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i686*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i686*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh make-3.81*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh sysstat-9*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i686*
rpm -Uvh compat-libcap*
经测试,只需安装以下包,其他已安装:
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i686*
rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i686*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i686*
rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-2*x86_64*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i686*
5、添加oracle的用户和群组
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
oracle用户的密码也是oracle
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按官方文档需执行本步骤,但我本步未执行
Amend the "/etc/security/limits.d/" file as described below.
# Change this
* soft nproc 1024
# To this
* - nproc 16384
6、路径、权限与环境变量配置
(1)路径与权限
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown -R ll /opt
chmod -R 775 /opt
(2)环境变量
[oracle@DB root]$ vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
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# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=VM
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$CLASSPATH
7、安装FTP并上传zip文件
ftp用于上传oracle的安装文件
[root@DB ~]# yum install vsftpd
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Vsftpd默认为不随系统自动启动
[root@DB ~]# chkconfig --list | grep vsftpd
上传文件前,再启动vsftpd
[root@DB ~]# service vsftpd start
使用oracle用户登录FTP,上传以下zip文件到/home/oracle
linux.x64_11gR2_database_
linux.x64_11gR2_database_
用oracle用户登录linux系统,解压zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_
获得/home/oracle/database目录
若建立oracle用户后未重启过,可能出现FTP无法登陆oracle用户的情况。重启即可
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8、界面安装
以界面方式登录linux系统进行最后一个步骤的安装。
为确保各项参数正确,请先source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[oracle@OracleDB database]$ ./runInstaller
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Administrator密码为:oracle
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安装缺少的套件:
[root@DB ~]# yum install libaio glibc compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel libaio-devel libgcc
libstdc++ unixODBC unixODBC-devel ksh
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如安装不了,kill -9 进程ID号
经测试,仅缺unixODBC-2.*、unixODBC-devel-2.*,并需升级6_5.4.x86_64。
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安装开始
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修改sys,system的密码:均为oracle
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使用root用户执行以上2个脚本。
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安装完成后,Oracle Enterprise Manager(ip:1158/em)就可以打开,数据库已可以使用。重启服务器后,需手动启动Oracle Enterprise Manager服务:emctl start dbconsole,ip:1158/em才可以打开。
9、启动和关闭oracle数据库步骤
(1)启动
[oracle@DB ~]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@DB ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect /as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> quit
[oracle@DB ~]$
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(2)关闭
[oracle@DB ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> quit
[oracle@DB ~]$
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10、安装时选择install database software only
(1)没有数据库,新建一个数据库
安装时若选择install database software only,则需要在安装完成后建立监听和建立数据库。
建立监听
[oracle@DB ~]$ export LANG=en_us 安装中文版操作系统才需执行
[oracle@DB ~]$ netca
启动监听
[oracle@DB ~]$ lsnrctl start
建立数据库
[oracle@DB ~]$ export LANG=en_us 安装中文版操作系统才需执行
[oracle@DB ~]$ dbca
选项1:一般用途或事务处理;选项2:定制数据库;选项3:数据仓库
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(2)已有一个数据库,再新建一个数据库
在原有数据库基础上建立了第二个数据库,重启服务器后,在启动默认数据库的基础上(oracle用户的.bash_profile文件中定义的ORACLE_SID),重新export ORACLE_SID=第二数据库的sid,重复sqlplus /nolog、connect /as sysdba、startup,方可使用新建的数据库。
数据库关闭操作亦如此。
首先启动监听
在启动默认数据库和第二个数据库
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Last login: Wed Mar 19 14:23:40 2014 from 192.168.16.9
*****************************启动监听******************************************
必须先启动监听,否则默认数据库会连接不上
[oracle@db ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-MAR-2014 14:54:27
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr:
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db/listener/alert/
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux)(PORT=1521)))
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Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
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Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-MAR-2014 14:54:29
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db/listener/alert/
Listening
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
*****************************启动第一个数据库**********************************
[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 19 14:39:25 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6747725824 bytes
Fixed Size 2213976 bytes
Variable Size 3690989480 bytes
Database Buffers 3019898880 bytes
Redo Buffers 34623488 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@db ~]$
*****************************启动第二个数据库**********************************
[oracle@db ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=newdb
[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 19 14:40:08 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 534462464 bytes
Fixed Size 2215064 bytes
Variable Size 176161640 bytes
Database Buffers 348127232 bytes
Redo Buffers 7958528 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@db ~]$
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