admin 管理员组

文章数量: 1086019


2024年6月30日发(作者:win11安装oracle安装包)

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

韦利版本和许渊冲版本《论语·学而》篇翻译

对比赏析

韦利版本和许渊冲版本《论语·学而》篇翻译对比

赏析

《论语》翻译和诠释难度极大,翻译的形式和

方法多种多样。本篇论文主要对比欣赏《论语》学而

篇韦利译本和许渊冲译本。

韦利生于英国,韦利的译文比较具有现代气息,

通畅易懂,在英语世界有很大的影响。许渊冲,被誉

为“诗译英法唯一人”。翻译集中在中国古诗英译,形

成韵体译诗的方法与理论。

下面一同欣赏两位大家《学而》篇的译作。

原文:子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自

远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知,而不愠,不亦君子乎?”

韦利:The Master said, “To learn and at due

times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a

pleasure? That friends should come to one from afar,

is that not after all delightful? To remain unsoured even

though one’s merits are unrecognized by others, is that

not after all what is expected of a gentleman?”

许渊冲:Is it not a delight, said the Master, to

acquire knowledge and put it into practice? Is it not a

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

pleasure to meet friends coming from afar? Is he not an

intelligentleman, who is careless alike of bEing known

or unknown?

做翻译的前提是译者一定要十分清楚原文的意

思。“学而时习之”这句话中的“习”字意为“实践、践

习”,故韦利在理解上稍有偏差,将之译为了“温习、

复习”。许渊冲作为一名中国文学大家,对《论语》中

字词的把握就显得精准到位。此外,两位大家对“知”

字的理解也各有千秋,韦利认为“知”意为知道一个人

的优点,许渊冲认为“知”意为被别人知晓、认识,所

以二人此处的翻译又有所不同。许渊冲的翻译在句式

上更为工整,有排比句的气势。值得一提的是,许渊

冲对“君子”的翻译可谓匠心独运,“intelligentleman”一

词是许渊冲自造的合成词,西方无“君子”这一概念,

虽然英文中并没有该词,可这丝毫不影响读者的理解,

此为其翻译妙处之所在。

原文:子曰:“巧言令色,鲜矣仁!”

韦利:The Master said,“ ‘Clever talk and a

pretentious manner’ are seldom found in the Good.”

许渊冲:A good man, said the Master, would

rarely say what he does not believe,or pretend to appear

better than he is.

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

有种语言现象是英语多用被动语态而汉语多用

主动语态。本句的翻译,韦利使用了直译法,显得更

为简洁、干练,让读者一目了然,译为被动语态更符

合英文表达习惯。许渊冲则采用描述结合解释的方式,

相当于运用了异译法。

原文:子曰:“道千乘之国,敬事而信,节用而

爱人,使民以时。”

韦利:The Master said,” A country of a thousand

war-chariots cannot be administered unless the ruler

attends strictly to business, punctually observes his

promises, is economical in expenditure, shows

affection towards his subjects in general, and uses the

labour of the peasantry only at the proper times of year.”

许渊冲:In a country of a thousand war-chariots,

said the Master, the ruler should be respectful in deed

and faithful in word, thrifty in expenditure and

affectionate towards the people and tell them to labor at

the proper times of the year.

该句,韦利使用了“not…unless…”的英语句型,

韦利此处有加译现象。根据译文,其加了“管理”,原

文中只提到千乘之国,紧接着描述了一些千乘之国应

有的特质,而韦利则理解为千乘之国的管理要依赖那

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

些特质。此外,韦利在翻译“节用而爱人”的“人”时,

使用了“subject ”一词,该词此处意为“国民”,可见他

对本句话中“人”字的理解极为细致深刻。在“使民以

时”中,韦利将“民”译为“labor of peasantry”,也可见其

对中国文化理解的细致入微与深度。由于古人大都以

务农为生,广大劳动人民就是农民。相比之下,许渊

冲对“人”、“民”的处理都译为了“people”,可能由于韦

利是以一名外国人的视角研究中国文化,故他对某些

概念的理解更为敏感与细腻。许先生整句的翻译句式

更加工整,更为简洁。

原文: 子曰:“弟子入则孝,出则悌,谨而信,

汎爱众,而亲仁。行有余力,则以学文。”

韦利:The Master said, “ A young man’s duty

is to behave well to his parents at home and to his elders

abroad, to be cautious in giving promises and punctual

in keeping them, to have kindly feelings towards

everyone, but seek the intimacy of the Good. If, when

all that is done, he has any energy to spare, then let

him study the polite arts.

许渊冲:A young man, said the Master, should

be filial at home and respectful abroad, cautious and

trustworthy, affectionate towards all and intimate with

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

the good. If he has time to spare when his duties are

done, he may use it to learn arts.

韦利对“入则孝、出则弟”的翻译,整合为一句

话。将“孝和弟”统一译为“behave well”。许渊冲则将

“孝”和“弟”分开翻译,译为“filial”和“respectful”,可见

也许从西方人的视角来看,对父母的“孝”和对年长者

的“弟”可统一理解为“好”的概念,不像中国人在概念

上区分的那样细致。而韦利在处理“谨而信”时,则分

开翻译为“be cautious in giving promises ”和“be

punctual in keeping them”,将“谨”和“信”具体化,其描

述细致解释了“谨”和“信”,让目标读者更能清楚明白

这二字的内涵,以便他们理解《论语》的内容。许渊

冲在处理“谨而信”时,仅用了两个表示人特质的形容

词“cautious and trustworthy”,言简意赅做以翻译。总

体而言,对于此句话的翻译,韦利较许渊冲更为具体

细腻,解释性更强。

原文:子曰:“君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏于

事而慎于言,就有道而正焉,可谓好学也已。”

韦利:The Master said, “a gentleman who never

goes on eating till he is sated, who does not demand

comfort in his home, who is diligent in business and

cautious in speech, who associates with those that

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

possess the Way and thereby corrects his own

faults—such a one may indeed said to have a taste for

learning.”

许渊冲: An intelligentleman, said the Master,

eats to live, and not live to eat. He may dwell in

comfort, but not seek comfort in dwelling. He should be

prompt in action and cautious in speech. He should seek

good company and amend his faults. Such a man may be

said to be good at learning.

关于这句话,许先生对“君子食无求饱,居无求

安”的理解显得更加深刻,译文“An intelligentleman,

eats to live, and not live to eat. He may dwell in

comfort, but not seek comfort in dwelling”,其意境让

人觉得更加理解和认可。将“君子”译为

“intelligentleman”,文雅贴切。相比之下,韦利的译文

连用四个定语从句,句式显得极为工整,可在意思的

传达和意境的展现上稍逊。

原文:有子曰:“礼之用,和为贵。先王之道,

斯为美,小大由之。有所不行,知和而和,不以礼节

之,亦不可行也。”

韦利:Master You Said, “ In the usages of ritual

it is harmony that is prized; the Way of the Former

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

Kings from this got its beauty. Both small matters and

great matters depend upon it. If things go amiss, he

who knows the harmony will be able to attune them. But

if harmony itself is not modulated by ritual, things will

still go amiss.”

许渊冲:In performing the rites, said Master

You, propriety is important. That is the fair way how

former kings dealt with matters great or small. But it will

not do to observe propriety without the regulation of the

rites.

读完两位大家的译文,第一印象就是许渊冲先生的

翻译简洁明了,篇幅虽短,但意思传达无一遗漏。“礼

之用”的翻译,许渊冲先生译为“in performing the

rites”,韦利译为“in the usages of ritual”,许渊冲先生

的译文给人的感觉更具文学气息,韦利则显得较为通

俗。文中,“和”字的翻译,许渊冲译为了“propriety”

意思为“适当、礼节、得体”,韦利译为了“harmony”,

意为“和睦、融洽”。相比之下,许渊冲先生的理解更

为深刻,因为,礼节的使用,得当是最重要的,这样

理解是最恰当的。但如果说成,礼节的使用,和睦是

最重要的,这样就显得不那么让人信服和通顺。“有所

不行,知和而和,不以礼节之,亦不可行也”,此句的

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------

----------------------------------最新精选范文公文分享-----欢迎观看-----------------------------------------------

翻译,许渊冲先生未直接翻译“有所不行,知和而和”,

而是采取了整合全句的方法一语带过。韦利对该句的

处理,则较具体,以一种解释的口吻来进行翻译,读

起来令人觉得意思更为明朗。

综上,韦利和许渊冲两位大家以各自的文化视

角向目标读者呈现了他们的译作。韦利的译文细致,

通俗易通。许渊冲先生的译文深刻和富有意境,充斥

着文学气息。二人的译作堪称经典,其中有大量的细

节可圈可点,值得学习翻译的人细细品味。

--------------------------------------------最新精选范文分享--------------谢谢观看--------------------------------------


本文标签: 翻译 理解 中国 译文 显得