新概念第三册讲解及笔记

shall be glad to

see you.”)

他说他将乐意来看你。

George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely

used.

Show/lead sb to„ 带领某人进入„

Which 指代 guestroom

was rarely used = was little used

rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地

little adv.很少 n.少许 adj.很少的

He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.

After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty

drawers, I decided

to hang one

of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard.

I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified.

stand in front of sth petrified 站在„前, 目瞪口呆

-- We stood petrified as we felt the earthquake began.

Frighten vt.使惊吓（在某个特定的场合受到惊吓）

-- I was frighten by a large dog.

Terrified adj.恐惧的, 受惊吓的（表示惊吓的程度非常强烈）

-- I was terrified when the tiger went towards me.

Afraid adj.害怕, 担心（表示一种状态, 永久性的恐惧）

-- The girl is afraid of mouse.

A skeleton was dangling before my eyes.

The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it

gave me the

impression that it

was about to leap out at me.

gave me the impression that„ 给某人以„的印象

that 引导同位语从句, 进一步说明 impression 的内涵。

-- He gave me the impression that he will help me every day.

Be about to do sth 表示即将、就要（暗示动作即将发生）

-- I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.

-- We were just about to leave when you telephoned.（多与 when

连用）

leap out at sb 跳出来扑向某人

Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George.

This was worse than„a terrible secret‟; this was a real skeleton!

But George was unsympathetic.

‘Oh, that, ‟he said with a smile as if he were talking about an

old friend.

As if 引导虚拟语气

‘That„s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once

upon a time.‟

Sebastian n.塞巴斯蒂安（古罗马的殉道者, 一般被刻画为裸体

青年）

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>A in what respect 在什么方面 （rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地）

fact 指代柜子中真正有骷髅这件事

concerning prep.关于，有关

-- I spoke to him concerning his behavior. 我和他谈了他的行

为。

2>C Underwear n.内衣裤

3>A

4>A having 为现在分词做定语

C 选项中的 whom 应该为 who

5>C 运用动词不定式修饰名词。（起定语从句的作用）

这样的名词前都有序数词：the first person, the only person, the

last person

6>B something 有价值的事, 有意义的事（代词：有价值或重

要的人或物）

what = all 全部（范围太广）

7>A no sooner…than…

8>B

9>D owe vt.欠(债等) vi.欠钱

has = own（vt.拥有 adj.自己的）

10>A

little 否定语义的副词

uncommonly adv.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕见地

preciously adv.宝贵的, 贵重的

11>D

item n.项目, 条款, 物品

object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象

trunk n.树干, 躯干, 箱子, 象鼻

belongings n.财产, 所有物 = possession n.（私人）财产（常用

复数）

12>A

be about to do„ = be on the point of„ 即将、即可做某事

be concerned with 对„关心, 与...有关, 牵涉到, 参与

think of v.考虑, 关心, 想起

Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark 卡蒂萨克”号帆船

New words and expression 生词和短语

Impressive adj.给人深刻印象的

scene n.现场, 场面, 情景

-- This is the impressive scene. 这是给人深刻印象的一幕

impression n.印象

-- make a lasting impression to sb. 给人以不可磨灭的印象

-- have a false impression of sb. 对某人有错误的看法

-- gave sb. impression that„ 给某人„的印象

impress vt.留下印象

-- What impressed me most is your diligence.（n.勤奋）

impress sb with„ 用„给某人留下深刻的印象

-- you impressed me with your beautiful clothes.

Steamship n.蒸汽轮船

Vessel n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中,

可以代替 ship、

boat）

-- a fishing vessel / a sailing vessel 帆船

Ship n.大船；舰艇

Boat n.小船, 艇（比 ship 小, 在非正式的场合可以替换）

-- a fishing boat

Era n.时期, 时代（= a period time in history）

-- the beginning of the new era / the end of old era

Era n.时代, 纪元（人类历史上很长的时期, 以特别的事件为

标志）

-- The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ. 公元(基督教

时代)是从耶稣

诞生起算。

-- Christian n.基督徒, 信徒 adj.基督教的, 信基督教的

-- We are now in a great new era of information. 我们现在正处

于一个新的伟

大的信息时代。

Time n.时代, 时期（比 era 的时间短）

-- Roman time 罗马时代 / ancient time 古代

Age n.时代（特定的历史阶段, 和其它词构成专有名词）

-- stone age 石器时代 / modern age 当今时代 / middle ages

中世纪

Java n.爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）

Rudder n.舵

Roll v.颠簸, 摇摆

Steer v.掌握方向（驾驶交通工具）

-- He steer the boat suddenly. 他突然改变了这艘船的方向。

Drive vt.驾驶马车、汽车、火车

Pilot vt.驾驶飞机、轮船

Temporary adj.临时的（= lasting for a short/limited time）

-- temporary jobs / temporary houses

temporarily adv.暂时的, 临时的

temporariness n.暂时

transient adj.短暂的, 瞬时的

-- transient happiness

permanent adj.永久的, 持久的

-- I have a permanent job here. 我在这里有一个永久的工作。

Contemporary adj. 当代的, 同时代的, 同年龄的

-- He is a contemporary writer.

Plank n.大块木板

Fit v.安装

Equator n.赤道

Delay n.耽误

winning

Australia n.澳洲, 澳大利亚

Exactly adv.正好, 恰好, 十分, 确切地, 精确地

Tradition n.传统, 惯例

Indian adj.印度的, 印度人的, 印第安人的 n.印度人, 印第安

人, 印第安语

tear .（tore, torn, tearing）

storm n.暴风雨, 暴风雪

danger n.危险 port n.港, 港口

win .（won, won, winning）

Text 课文

What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning

the race?

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century,

the Cutty Sark,

can still be

seen at Greenwich.

One of the most famous„ 最著名的„之一

She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each

year.

Dry land 陆地

Each year = every year = per year

-- The aeroplane stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of

people each

year.

She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the

past.

Serve as = act as 担任, 充当, 起...作用

impressive reminder of„ 给人留下深刻的印象, 并使人回忆

起„

Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the

Cutty Sark

were used to

carry tea from China and wool from Australia.

Replace (vt.) = take place of

Steamship n.汽船, 轮船

sailship = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船

The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever

been built.

The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.

Match = be equal to 与„相匹敌, 相比

Match in/for

-- No form of transport can match aeroplane for speed and

comfortable.

-- Transport n.交通工具, 运输系统, 运输, 运送

-- The hotel can‘t be matched for service and food. 这家旅馆服

务和食物是无

与伦比的。

-- No clothing can match your dress for beauty. 没有哪件衣服

能和你的这条裙

子相比。

To match her 做定语修饰 ship

Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an

exciting race to

England.

-- The two planes set out form New York on an unforgettable

race.

Forgettable adj.容易被忘的, 可忘记的

Unforgettable adj.忘不了的, 令人难忘的

This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of

its kind.

Which 指代 this race, 引导非限定性定语从句。

-- The operation, which lasted two weeks, proved to be very

difficult.

It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the

beginning of a

new

era.

Ships with sails = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船

Mark the end of„ 标志着„的结束

The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun

was the

Thermopylae, but

on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.

= After the race had begun, the first of the two ships to reach Java

was the

Thermopylae,…

take the lead 处于领先地位 / lose the lead 失去领先地位

in the lead 处于领先地位（表示状态）

take over the lead 取得领先地位

It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but

during the race she

had a lot of bad luck.

It seem certain that…

She had a lot of bad luck = she was unlucky

In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which

her rudder was

torn away.

Be struck by a very heavy rain/storm 严重的遇到了雨/雪

Be caught in the rain/snow 遇到了雨/雪

During(介词)用于关系代词 which 之前

Tear away = destroyed = pull down (摧毁, 推翻)

The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible

to steer her.

It became impossible (for captain) to steer her

A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it

was fitted with

great

difficulty.

It = the temporary rudder

Fit = equip（vt.装备）

This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger

that if she

travelled too

quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.

There was a danger that + 同位语从句

Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.

Lost her lead 失去领先地位

After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have

a new rudder

fitted, but by

now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

Call in at = (船)停靠, (人)拜访

-- He calls in at his friend‟s home every week.

To„ = in order to„ = so as to„ 目的是„

Have sth done

Be now 到如今 = so far 到目前为止

Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was

impossible for the

Cutty Sark

to win.

At tremendous speed = at fantastic speed = at enormous speed

She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae.

Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many

delays.

Remarkable adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的

Unusual adj.不平常的, 与众不同的, 不寻常的

Uncommon adj.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕有的, 难得的

Extraordinary adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的

Considering（连接词）用来引导完整的语句

-- We should forgive him considering that he was ill badly

-- forgive vt.原谅, 饶恕

-- Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年

龄来说, 这小孩

读得算挺好的。

There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would

have won the race

easily.

There is no doubt that… = without any doubt

-- There is now doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问他是有罪的。

There is some doubt wh-…

-- There is some doubt whether he is guilty. 难以肯定他是否有

罪。

与过去事实的相反的虚拟语气

-- If the houses of parliament had not been burned down, the Big

Ben would

never have been erected.（vt.使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立）

与现在事实的相反的虚拟语气

-- If you talked less and ate more we would both enjoy our

dinner.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>C fame n.名声, 名望

rest upon = rest on 倚靠, 依据, 根据, 把„靠在,

likeness n.相象, 相似物

a line of stones 一排石头 / a line of argument 一连串的辩论

victory n.胜利, 战胜,

2>A

landmark n.里程碑, 划时代的事, (航海)陆标, 地界标

celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美

en route adv.在途中

3>D

feat n.功绩 n.技艺, 武艺, 壮举, 技艺表演

gap n.差距 n.缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, , 隔阂

make up v.弥补

4>C b 中 still 的应该放在形容词 able 之前

5>B

The 和 A 的用法：

The 与单数名词连用, 表示一类东西：

-- The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。

-- The cow is a useful animal. 奶牛是有用的动物。

A

1>（一类事物中的）任何一个

-- Let‘s go to a Chinese restaurant. 我们去一家中餐餐馆。

-- We saw a good film on TV last night. 昨天晚上我们在电视中

看到了一个好

片子。

2> 任何

-- A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。

-- A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。

6>D would 和 be going to 不能重复使用

7>A

8>D not 的位置不变

9>B

attract vt.吸引

-- The beautiful scenery attracts me.

appeal to 引起兴趣

-- The topic of the conversation never appeals to me.

10>A

set out 出发

set out on 出发去做某事

set out on the trip/journey/excursion 出发去旅行

depart vi.离开, 起程

depart for 起程去某地

11>A

take the lead = go into the lead

12>

considering prep.鉴于, 考虑到, 顾及

in respect of 关于, 就„来说 = with regard to 关于

according to prep.依据, 按照

in view of 鉴于, 考虑到（= considering）

account 应该和其它介词搭配

Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 购大饼干筒

New words and expression 生词和短语

Influence v.影响 （= have effect on）

-- Literature and art have great influence on people‟s ideology.

文学和艺术对人们的思想形态有很大的影响力。

-- ideology n.思想体系, 意识形态, 思想方式

-- Don’t influenced by bad examples. 不要受这些坏事的影响。

Under the influence of„ 受„的影响

-- We are under the influence of advertisement.

Have influence over sb. 有左右某人的能力

-- A teacher has influence over his students.

Exercise influence on sb‟s behalf

exercise vt.发挥, 实[履]行, 运用, 行使

on sb.‘s behalf 为了某人的利益, 代表某人

behalf n.利益

-- What others think exercises great influence on most of us.

别人的想法对我们多数人产生很大的影响。

-- The boss exercises influence on employee‟s behalf.

Influence / affect 的区别：

influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生

不易觉察到的,

潜移默化的影响”

affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的

动作, 有时含有

“对...产生不利影响”的意思。

The bad examples will affect a lot number of students.

Influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的

Pride v.骄傲 （proud adj.自豪的, 得意的, 骄傲的）

pride oneself on(upon)„ 为„而感到骄傲

-- He prided himself on his driving skill.

take pride in„ 以...为傲

be proud of„ 以...为荣, 以...自豪

pride n.自豪, 自尊(心), 骄傲, 傲慢

in the pride of 处于最佳状态, 处于全盛时期

-- She is still young and in the pride of her beauty.

put one‘s pride in one‘s pocket 忍辱含垢, 抑制自尊心

Taste n.鉴赏力

-- She has excellent taste in dress.

a taste of 尝一口, 尝一点

-- Oh, let me have a taste of your coffee.

in good taste 得体, 大方

-- The beautiful girl is in good taste.

In bad taste 粗俗, 不礼貌

taste of 有什么的味道

-- The dish taste of fish. 这道菜有鱼腥味。

to one’s taste 合某人的口味, 称某人的心愿

-- He did what he wanted to do to his taste.

There is accounting for taste. 【谚】人各有所好。

He who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 不知黄

连苦, 哪知蜂

蜜甜。

-- Bitter adj.有苦味的, 苦的, 痛苦的

testable adj.(= tasteable)可尝的, 滋味好的

tasteful adj.有鉴赏力的

tasteless adj.没味道的, 无鉴赏力的

taste blindness n.味盲

taste marker 时尚的首创者

Exert v.施加

Exert sth on sb

-- His wife exerted a lot pressure on him to change his job.

-- He likes to exert his authority on us.

Exert oneself to do sth. 努力, 尽力, 出力

-- He never exert himself to study hard.

exert every effect 尽一切努力

exertion n.尽力, 努力, 发挥 n.行使, 运用

Subtle adj.微妙的, 难以捉摸的（敏感的, 敏锐的）

-- He is a subtle observer. 他是一个敏锐的观察家。

Subtly adv.敏锐[感]的, 有辨别力的, 微妙的

Subtlety = Subtleness n.微妙, 明敏, 聪明

Advertiser n.做广告的人

Advertise v.做广告, 登广告

Advertisement n.广告

Advertising n.广告业, 广告 adj.广告的

Classify v.分类

-- The books are classified according to the subject. 这些书已经

按学科分类

了。

-- subject n.题目, 主题, 科目, 学科

classification n.分类, 分级, 分类法

classified adj.分类的 adj.机密的

classifiable adj.可分类的

classifier n.分类者,分类器

Magic adj.有奇妙作用的

Sample n.样品

Devise v.设计, 想出

Capture v.吸引, 赢得

-- His wonderful performance captured my attention.

Capture vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取

-- The police capture the two thieves.

Manufacturer n.生产厂家, 制造商

Wheelbarrow n.独轮手推车

Boot n.（汽车尾部的）行李箱

Ingredient n.配料

Crane n.起重机

Anticipate v.预期, 预料

Anticipate vt.占先, 抢先, 预料到, 预先做准备

-- Our attack failed because the enemy anticipated.

我们的进攻失败了, 因为敌人预先做了准备。

-- We anticipated the enemy would try to cross the river, so we

decided to

destroy the bridge.

我们预料到敌人会通过这条河, 所以我们决定把桥摧毁。

Anticipate（vt.期待, 预期）= expect（vt.期待, 预期）

-- We are expecting/anticipating a crowed of people at tonight‟s

meeting.

Anticipate 强调以高兴或恐惧期待所想之事。

-- He is a man who is always anticipating trouble. 他是一个总

是把结果想得很

坏的人。

-- The students are anticipating a wonderful vacation.（n.假期, 休

假）

wanted vt.征求, 招聘（报刊广告等用语）

biscuit n.饼干, 小点心 tin n.罐, 听

avoid vt.避免, 消除

Advertisement n.广告（有两种读音）

Advertise, Advertising, Advertiser（都只有一种读音）

Ourselves

Effort n.努力 Product n.产品, 制品

Close adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的

Weakness n.弱点, 缺点, 虚弱, 软弱

Enable vt.使能够（有两种读音）

Manufacture vt.制造, 加工

Manufacturer n.制造业者, 制造商

Manufactory n.制造厂, 工厂

Manufacturable adj.可制造的

Manufactured adj.人造的

Bake v.烘焙, 烤

bring in v.生产, 挣得, 介绍引进

barrow n.手推车

weigh vi.重(若干)

come along 一起来, 一道走

boot n.[美]长统靴, [英](汽车的)行李箱

send vt.(sent, sent, sending)送, 寄, 发送

were

weigh vt.称...重量, 称

close （s 发 z）

lorry n.卡车, 载重汽车（美作：truck）

various adj.不同的, 各种各样的

Text 课文

Who won the prize for the biggest biscuit?

No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.

= Advertisements always exerts influence on everybody.

No, avoid 双重否定

-- No students can avoid being influenced by their teachers.

Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no

longer free to

choose the things

we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.

Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,…

= Although we may pride ourselves on our good taste very

much,…

引导让步状语从句的词有：though, although, as

用 as 引导让步状语从句时, 句子要采用倒装形式：（adjavas

之前）

1> adj.+ as +主语+谓语

-- Rich as he is, he is not happy. 他虽然有钱, 但是他不幸福。

-- Tired as I was, I tried to help them.

2> adv.+ as +从句

-- Much as I like you, I will not marry you.

-- Much as I hate do it, I must stay home and study English.

3> v.+ as +主语+阻动词

-- Try as they may, they will never success.

-- Object as my parents may, I decide to do it.

采用不同的句子结构、不同的词汇表达同一个语义：

No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.

= Advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.

In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product,

advertisers have made a

close

study of human nature and have classified all our little

weaknesses.

Effort n.努力, 成就（需要耗费精神或体力的事情, 不可数名

词）

-- It took a lot of effort to lift the box.

-- A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition.

Effort n.努力（可数名词）

Make every effort

-- We are making every effort to study English.

In one’s effort to do 为了干好某事

-- The company is selling off some of its buildings in their efforts

to save money.

-- sell off 廉价卖清

-- In their effort to study English well, they spend a lot of time

every day.

本句= Advertisers make every effort in order to sell their

products.

Close adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的

Make a close(careful) study of„ 对„做了仔细的研究

Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get

something for nothing.

Discover = find out

Get something for nothing = get something free

-- Free .免费的

An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can

rarely go wrong.

Wrong adv.错误, 不对

-- You‘ve spelt the word wrong. 你把这个单词拼错了。

-- get it wrong 弄错（意思）, 误会

-- go wrong 弄错, 变坏了

-- The Big Ben rarely goes wrong.

These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars,

free houses,

and free trips

round the world as well.

these days n.现在, 目前

Not only…but…as well

They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to

win huge sums of

money.

Devise vt.设计

-- They have devised the best way to have the party.

Enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事

-- Hard work will enable us to pass the examination, otherwise,

no way.

Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to

capture the attention

of millions

of people in this way.

Make it possible for sb to do sth

-- His few material possessions make it possible for him to move

form place to

place with ease.

-- ease n.容易, 不费力 n.舒适, 悠闲

-- The money he won made it possible for him to make a tour

around the world.

Capture the attention of sb

= catch / receive / arrest / draw the attention of sb

During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers

once asked

listeners to

bake biscuits and send them to their factory.

They offered to pay ＄10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked

by a listener.

Baked„：过去分词短语做定语

The response to this competition was tremendous.

response = reaction 反应

Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the

factory.

Before long（不久以后）= soon（adv.立刻, 不久）= shortly（adv.

立刻, 不久）

biscuits of all shapes, biscuits of all sizes

shoes of all sizes

One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed

nearly 500 pounds.

A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the

whole boot of

his car.

Occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据

All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.

The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would

win the prize.

We (人称代词)后能加 sure, 也能加 certain（we are sure

that„）

It 后只能加 certain（It is certain that„）

But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the

factory with a truly

colossal

biscuit which weighed 2, 400 pounds.

Close = end

Colossal adj.巨大的, 庞大的

It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1, 000

pounds of flour,

800 pounds

20 of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other

ingredients.

It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the

lorry.

Remove（.拿走, 撤走, 除去）= unload（vt.卸货, 卸下）

The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had

anticipated, for they

bought the

biscuit from the student for ＄24, 000.

than they had anticipated = than they had expected

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>D

tempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣

disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配

promote vt.宣传，推销（商品）

2>A

3>C

4>C be proud of

5>B love doing / love to do

6>A 本句描述的是事实, 不该用 if 条件语句。

当修饰主语的定语从句过长而谓语过短, 一般将定语从句置

于句位。

7>C in length（adv.长度）, in height

in width（adv.宽度方向上）, in weight, in depth

8>D

9>C

some or other (不确定的)某一个 = this or that

one or other 或者这个, 或者那个

10>D attraction n.吸引, 吸引力

11>B occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据

12>A

Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买

New words and expression 生词和短语

Philosopher n.哲学家

Wisdom n.智慧 （wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）

-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。

-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.

cut one‘s wisdom teeth 开始懂事

Priest n.牧师

Spiritual adj.精神上的（adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的）

-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要

spirited adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的

-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩

-- low-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的

-- public-spirited 热心公益的, a spirited debate 热烈的辩论

mental adj.心理的, 智力的

physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的

spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的（liquor n.酒类）

-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒

Grudge v.不愿给, 舍不得给

surgeon n.外科大夫

passer-by n.过路人（复数 passers-by）

dignity n.尊严（高贵）

lose one‘s dignity 丢面子, 失去尊严

-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can‟t expect to

learn to speak a

foreign language.

-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她虽然

很穷, 但没有

失去她的尊严。

Keep/stand on one‘s dignity 保持自已的尊严

pocket one‘s dignity [口]放下架子

with great dignity 仪态大方

-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.

太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。

Dignify vt.使有尊严, 使高贵

Dignified adj.高贵的，有尊严的

deliberately adv.故意地（深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的）

on purpose adv.故意

-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.

consequence n.后果, 结果

in consequence 因此, 结果

in 因为...的缘故, 由于

take the consequences of„ 承担„责任

-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.

Result 一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果

Effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响

Outcome n.结果, 成果（自然的结果）

-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 当时大选的结

果还看不准。

afflict v.使苦恼, 折磨

be afflicted with„ 受„的折磨

-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)

affliction n.痛苦, 苦恼

afflictive adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的

ease n.容易

with ease 熟练地, 轻而易举地

at ease 安逸, 自由自在

be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁

put sb. at his ease 使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束

-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. （shop

assistant n.店员）

take one‘s ease 安心, 放心

-- I take my ease to study English here.

nature n.大自然

contempt n.蔑视

in contempt of„ 不顾„

-- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.

（objection n.反对）

hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙视某人 = look down upon sb

-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.

Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的

-- He is a contemptible person.

Contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的

Despite n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱

Scorn（n.轻蔑, 嘲笑）

-- pour scorn on 不屑一顾, 嘲弄

Scornful（adj.轻视的，藐视的）

-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.

他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。

envious adj.嫉妒的（羡慕的）

-- be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb„s success

忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功

jealous adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的

-- She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我们的成就。

Tramp .徒步走, 徒步旅行

Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者

Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女

Comfort n.安慰, 舒适

Material adj.物质的 n.材料, 原料

Goods n.商品, 货物

Willing adj.乐意的, 自愿的

Willingly adv.自动地, 欣然地

Precise adj.恰好的, 精确的, 准确的

Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精确地, 准确地

Society n.社会

Skill n.技巧, 技艺, 技能, (专门)技术

General adj.一般的, 普通的

Rule n.常例, 习惯, 规律 n.规则, 惯例

Arouse vt.唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起

Independence n.独立, 自主

Sacrifice v.牺牲, 献出 n.牺牲, 献身

Choose .（chose, chosen, choosing）挑选, 选择

Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的

Anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急

Care n.烦恼, 忧虑

Felt [felt] （feel 的过去式和过去分词）

Text 课文

What is the most important thing for a tramp?

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.

It is said that„ 据说„

Live by = to make enough money to feed oneself

Live by„ 以某种职业为生

Live on„ 依靠某种食物维持生命, 或靠某人生活。

-- Sheep and cows live on grasses.

-- He lives chiefly on fruit. （Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地）

-- Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.

In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,

philosophers by

selling

wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

In the light of„ 按照, 根据, 考虑到, 从...的观点

In the light of = according to = taking into account

-- The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern

discovery.

-- In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the

manufacturers to court.(n.

法院, 庭院)

In 依照„(用在法律上, 更加正式)

-- In accordance with the law

-- In accordance with the regulation (n.规则, 规章)

Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods

in terms of

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money, it is

extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services

which people

perform for us.

in terms of 按照, 在...方面, 就„而言, 关于

-- He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.(n.利益)

他依据(按照)人民的利益考虑任何事。

In terms of

= in respect of（关于, 就„来说）, with respect to（关于, 至于,

谈到）

= in/with regard to（关于）, as regards（关于, 至于）

There are times when we would willingly give everything we

possess to save our

lives, yet we

might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us

precisely this service.

There are times when„ 有的时候„

Would 表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。

-- There are time when we would willingly give everything we

possess to bring

our family

happiness.

Grudge vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给（后面要和名词和动名词搭

配）

-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在这件事上浪费时间。

-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.

The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for

in the same way

that goods

are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

The conditions of society are such = Such are the conditions of

society

Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.

Beggars almost sell

themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But

real tramps are not

beggars.

They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.

Require sth from…

In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human

dignity.

In seeking independence = In the course of seeking independence

In 和动名词搭配, 表示在„的过程当中。

-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.（v.口吃, 结巴着

说出）

On 和动名词搭配, 表示一„就„

-- In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.（adj.脱去

的, 解开的, 放

松的）

在进入大厅的时候, 我注意到我的鞋带松了。

-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.

一进入大厅的时候, 我就注意到我的鞋带松了。

A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel

sorry for him.

He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully

aware of the

consequences.

Fully = completely

He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but

he is free from

the thousands

of anxieties which afflict other people.

be free from„ 不受„的影响, 免于...（= without）

-- The old lady is never free from pain.

-- free from error 没有错误, free from anxiety 没有忧虑

-- He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.

Care（n.烦恼, 忧虑） anxiety（n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望）

His few material possessions make it possible for him to move

from place to

place with ease.

Make it possible for sb to do sth

By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of

nature than most

of us ever

do.

He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he

may even, in

times of real

need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.

keep oneself alive 为了生存

We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the

same class as

beggars, but

how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little

envious of their

simple way of

life and their freedom from care?

With +名词（表示具有、带有）

-- How many of us can honestly say that we wouldn‟t like to

learn English well?

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>A circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况

2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的

compensate v.偿还, 补偿

inconvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处

3>B in moments of truth = truly

undignified adj.无尊严的

compare v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较

burden v.负担 n.担子, 负担

livelihood n.生计, 谋生

4>B

5>B a 中的 have to 用的不恰当

对两者的否定

Neither…nor…

Nothing…nor…

Nor 位于句首, 倒装。

6>B

7>D contemptuously adv.轻蔑地

speak of 谈及, 说到

speak for 代表...讲话, 为„辩护

speak on 就„而发言

speak to 与„谈话, 向...说

8>C

9>C

financial adj.财政的, 金融的

insure vt.给...保险 v.确保

sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不适, 恶心

10>

from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方; 各地, 到处

= here and there 各处, 到处

one way or another 无论如何, 某种方法

in every sense 在各种意义上

-- He is a cheat in every sense.（cheat n.欺骗, 骗子）

11>B to survive = keep himself alive

12>C

look down upon/on 蔑视, 瞧不起

convict vt.（常与 of 连用）证明有„罪；宣判有„罪

-- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。

Blame vt.（常与 for 连用）责备, 谴责 n.过失, 责备

-- She blamed me for the accident.

Condemn vt.判刑, 处刑（常与 to 连用）判以死刑或无期徒刑

be condemned to death 被判死刑

-- The prisoner was condemned to death.

Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑也太贵

New words and expression 生词和短语

Wares n.货物, 商品

Ware n.器皿, 陶器, 物品（总称, 常用于复合词）

-- silverware 银器 / ironware 铁器 / chinaware 陶器 /

glassware 玻璃器皿

-- software 软件 / hardware 五金器具, (电脑的)硬件

-- a popular ware 热门货 / small wares 小百货

goods n.商品, 货物（商店里出售的物品）

-- half-done goods 半成品 / home made goods = native goods

国货

-- leather goods 皮件 / frozen goods 冻结货物 / consumer

goods 日用消费品

commodity n.商品, 物品（总称, 正式的经济学术语）

-- commodity price 商品价格, commodity economy 商品经济

-- commodity market 商品市场, agricultural commodity 农产

品

Anchor v.停航下锚

Deck n.甲板

Silverware n.银器

Tempt v.吸引, 引诱

Tempt sb to do sth 吸引某人做某事

Temptation n.勾引, 诱惑, 引诱

-- The temptation to steal is greater than ever before - especially

in large shops.

偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候更强烈了,在大商店里尤其如

此。

Tempting adj.诱惑人的, 吸引人的 = （attractive adj.吸引人的,

有魅力的）

Bargain v.讨价还价

Bargain n.交易, 合同交易, 协议

-- a good bargain 赚钱的生意 / make a bargain 成交, 达成协

议

-- drive a hard bargain with sb 极力和某人讨价还价

-- bargain with sb for sth. 和某人就某事讨价还价

-- bargain away 议价出售

Disembark v.下船上岸（= debark）

Embark v.上船, 上飞机

-- He disembarked. 他下船上了岸。

-- He decided to embark. 他决定上船。

Assail v.纠缠

-- He was assailed with worries.

Afflict vt.使痛苦, 折磨

-- Tramps can keep free from the thousands of anxieties which

afflict other

people.

Marble n.小玻璃球

Inscribe v.刻写, 雕

Favour n.好处, 优惠

in favor of 赞成, 支持

-- I am in favor of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。

in sb.‘s favor 得某人欢心, 对某人有利

-- The situation, both at home and aboard, is in our favor.

out of favor 失宠, 不利

by favor of sb 请面交给某人(信封上用语)

do sb a favor 给某人恩惠

favorite adj.心爱的, 受宠的

favorite n.受宠的人或物

favorable adj.赞成的, 赞许的, 讨人喜欢的

Gesticulate v.（讲话时）打手势

Outrageous adj.出人预料的, 令人不悦的

-- He played an outrageous joke.

Outrage n.暴行, 侮辱, 愤怒 vt.凌辱, 强奸, 虐待, 伤害, 迫害

Rage n.愤怒, 情绪激动, 狂暴, 精神错乱

-- My father was in a rage last night. 我父亲昨天晚上十分生

气。

fly into a rage 勃然大怒

Thrust v.硬塞给

Thrust sth into„ 塞进„

-- He thrust the pen into my hand.

Thrust aside 推开

-- He thrust the girl aside.

Thrust oneself forward

-- He thrust himself forward in the crowd.

thrust oneself in 强行闯入, 干涉, 探听（= thrust one‘s nose

into）

-- Don‟t thrust yourself in private sth.

thrust sth. on/upon sb. 强卖给某人

-- Don‟t thrust your idea on me. = Don‟t exert your idea on me.

thrust out 推出, 逐出, 解雇

other words:

speed .（speeded, speeded, speeding）或（sped, sped,

speeding）

liner n.班机, 定期轮船

rug n.(小)地毯, 垫子

Persia n.波斯（西南亚国家，现在的伊朗）

Iran n.伊朗

Iranian adj.伊朗的 n.伊朗人（= Irani）

Silk n.蚕丝, 丝, 丝绸, 绸缎

copper n.铜, 警察

tradesman n.零售商, 工匠, 手艺人

conceal vt.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒

diamond n.钻石, 菱形

intention n.计划, 目的

firmly adv.强有力的

approach .走近, 靠近

close adj.近的, 近亲的, 紧密的, 严格的

neat adj.整齐的, 整洁的

indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示

hold up v.举起, 支撑, 继续下去

wildly adv.狂暴的, 激动的, 愤怒的 adv.野的, 野生的, 野性

的

offer n.出价, 提议

eventual adj.最后的, 结果的

-- eventual success [failure] 最后的成功[失败]

eventually adv.最后, 终于, 结果

shrug .（表示怀疑或不感兴趣）耸肩

shoulder n.肩, 肩部, 侧翼

readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地

throw up 猛地举起

especially adv.特别, 尤其

Text 课文

Why was even five pounds„too dear‟?

Dear（adj.昂贵的）= Costly（adj.昂贵的, 贵重的）= Expensive

（adj.费钱的,

昂贵的）

Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was

entering the

harbour.

Small boats sped to the great liner（主干）

Loaded with 装载, 运载 = filled with

-- The boat was loaded with wooden goods.

Loaded with wares 为过去分词做定语修饰 boats（= that was

loaded with

wares）

Speed v.迅速驶向

-- Speed down hill 向山下疾驶 / Speed up hill 向山上疾驶

Speed by 迅速驶过

-- Our holiday speed by. 我们的假期迅速过去。

Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on

board and the

decks were

soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India,

copper coffee

pots, and

beautiful handmade silverware.

The men (coming) from the boat 小船上的人们

-- a plane (coming) from New York

on board 在船上, 在公共交通工具内

be covered with 盖着, 覆着

handmade adj.手工的, 手制的

It was difficult not to be tempted.（双重否定）

-- It was difficult/impossible not to be tempted by the beautiful

shoes.

Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the

tradesmen, but I

decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.

Tradesman n.零售商, 工匠

bargain with sb 和某人讨价还价

on board 介词短语修饰 tourists

not…until…

-- 我决定回家之前什么都不做 I decided to do nothing until I

had got home.

-- They didn‟t reach the school until they had already passed by

two village.

I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who

wanted to sell

me a

diamond ring.

had no sooner„than„ （no sooner 位于句首要倒装）

I had no sooner got off the ship than = no sooner had I got off the

ship than

一„就„的表达方式：

-- as soon as / the moment that / on doing

-- had no sooner…than… / had hardly…when…

I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact

that I was

impressed by the

size of the diamonds.

I have no intention of doing 不打算做某事

-- I have no intention of changing my mind.

-- He said has no intention of looking for another job.

The fact that（that 引导的是同位语, 不能换成 which）

I could not conceal the fact that„ 我不能隐藏„事实

-- He could not conceal the fact that he was taken in.（take in 欺

骗）

impress vt.留下印象

be impressed by/at/with„ 被„深深打动/感动

-- I was most impressed by his behavior.

What impressed me most was„ 给我印象最深的是„

-- What impressed me most was the beauty here.

Impression n.印象

Make/create a bad impression on sb. 给某人留下不良的印象

-- If you don‟t work hard, it will make a bad impression on the

boss.

Make/create quite an impression on sb. 给某人留下极深的印象

-- Your speech makes quite an impression on me.

Impression n.印, 印痕

-- The dog left the impression of his paws in the wet cement.（n.

水泥）

-- He made a deep impression in the glass.

Some of them were as big as marbles.

As„as„ 象„一样

-- As strong as horse / as white as snow

The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were

real.

Length n.长度, 长

go to great(considerable, any) lengths to do„ 竭尽全力做„

-- He go to great lengths to pass the examination.

Real adj.真实的（以实际或真实状态存在或发生的）

-- real objects 真的物件 / a real illness 真的疾病

-- real people 真实的人 / a real problem 一个真实的问题

-- a film based on real life 一部以真实生活为基础的影片

Real adj.天然的, 非人工或假造的 （= Genuine）

-- This ring is real gold. = This ring is genuine gold. 这枚戒指是

真金的。

Genuine（adj.正品的非伪造的, 非假冒的）

反义词：Fake（adj.伪造的, 捏造的 n.捏造者, 冒牌货, 赝品）

-- Is this a genuine vase? No, it is a fake.

True adj.真实的（与事实或现实一致的、相符合的）

-- Only parts of his story are true.

反义词：False adj.虚伪的, 假的（与真理或事实相反的）

-- false tales of bravery. 不真实的英勇故事

As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly

against the window

and made a

deep impression in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get

rid of him.

Pass = by 走过

It take sb sometimes to do sth. 某事花费某人多少时间

-- It took me two months to read the book.

Get rid of 摆脱, 除去

Cure vt.治愈

-- to cure a patient 治愈病人

-- I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder. 我希望医

生能治好我肩

上的疼痛。

Get rid of = cure

-- I have tried all sorts of medicine to get rid of this cold.

Get rid of = pay off 还清

-- He can never get rid of his debts.

Get rid of = wash off 洗刷掉 （stain n.污点, 瑕疵）

-- He thought I can never wash off this stains.

The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and

watches. I

examined one of the

pens closely. It certainly looked genuine.

The next man to approach me 第二个走近我的人

At the base of the gold cap, the words„made in the U. S. A.‟had

been neatly

inscribed.

At the base of„ 在„的低部

The man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special

favour, he would let

me have it

for ￡30.

as a special favor 做为一种特殊的优惠

for 出„价钱

tradesman n.零售商, 工匠

As a special favor, the tradesman would let me have the watch for

￡20.

I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was

willing to pay

￡5.

Indicating„ 意思是说„ （现在分词做状语）

I held up ten fingers indicating that I was willing to pay $10.

Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer

outrageous, but he

eventually

reduced the price to ￡10.

Gesticulating 现在分词做伴随状语

Act as if„ 行为、举止好象„（as if = as though）

-- He acted as if he has never lived in England before.

Outrageous adj.令人不能容忍的, 令人震惊的, 令人愤慨的

Eventually adv.最后, 终于（= at last）

Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment

later, he ran

after me and

thrust the pen into my hands.

Shrugging 现在分词做伴随状语

Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily

accepted the ￡5 I

gave him.

Keep doing sth. 不断地做某事

in despair 绝望的

readily（adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地）= willingly（adv.心甘情

愿的, 欣然的, 自

愿的）

I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain ---- until I got

back to the

ship.

Be pleased with = be satisfied with 对...感到满意

No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful

pen with ink

and to this

day it has never written a single word!

No matter how = however（conj.不管用何种方法 adv.无论如

何）

fill with 使充满

to this day = up to now = until now = till now = so far 到现在为

止, 迄今

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>B merchandise n.商品, 货物（= goods）

-- lay out 摆开, 展示

2>C pester（vt.使烦恼, 纠缠）= assail（vt.攻击, 困扰）

3>B 4>D 5>C 6>A 7>D

8>C

resist vt.抵抗, 反抗

-- resist aggression 抵抗侵略 / resist heat 耐热

-- resist temptation 抵制引诱

-- I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。

9>C

afterwards adv.然后, 后来地（可以单独使用）

-- soon afterwards, shortly afterwards

after adv.在后, 后来（不能单独使用）

-- two days after

later adv.后来, 过后

-- I will see you later. 等会儿再见。

-- But some time later it began to rain. 但过了些时候开始下雨

了。

The later 后者

10>B intend to do 打算做某事

11>B

irritating adj.使愤怒的, 使人不愉快的

outrageous adj.无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的（=

preposterous）

preposterous adj.荒谬的, 可笑的

-- That‘s a preposterous excuse! 那是一个荒谬的藉口!

-- What a preposterous idea! 多么荒谬的想法!

-- a preposterous old woman 一位可笑的老妇人

hilarious adj.热闹的, 高兴的, 狂欢的

unspeakable adj.无法形容的,不能以言语表达的,可怕的,坏透

了的

= terrible adj.很糟的, 极坏的

12>A No matter how = however

Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？ 本课的 flash 不全

New words and expression 生词和短语

Largely adv.在很大程度上

-- His success was largely due to luck.

Universal adj.普遍的

universal agent n.全权代理人

universal time n.(= Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治时

universal joint n.[机]万向接头

万向接头：一种接头或连轴节，能使互相不在一条线上的机

械零件在传输旋

转运动时在任意方向上具有有限的运动自由度。

Universality n.普遍性, 一般性, 多方面性, 广泛性

Universally adv.普遍地, 全体地, 到处

-- Acknowledged adj.公认的

-- It‟s universally acknowledged that English is get more and

more important.

Universe n.宇宙, 世界, 万物

Comic adj.喜剧的, 可笑的

Comedian n.滑稽演员, 喜剧演员

Comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情

-- Tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的

-- Tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难

-- Tragedian n.悲剧演员, 悲剧作家

Distasteful adjavastefully）

Unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的, 讨厌的

Displeasing adj.使人不愉快的, 令人发火的

-- The idea is distasteful to me.

Pester v.一再要求, 纠缠 （assail vt.攻击, 困扰）

pester sb. to do sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻

烦某人做某事

pester sb. with sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻

烦某人做某事

-- He continually pesters his boss with demands.

pester sb. for sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦

某人做某事

-- Don’t pester me for the trifle.（n.小事, 琐事, 微不足道的东

西）

Dread v.惧怕

Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式

-- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！

-- He dreaded having to meet his parents.

-- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.

Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的

-- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难

dreaded adj.感到恐惧的

in dread of„. 害怕某人[某事]

-- We are in dread of insects.（insect n.昆虫）

terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓

horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇

fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心

Recovery n.康复

Plaster n.熟石膏

console v.安慰, 慰问

-- Grief n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤

-- He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.

hobble v.瘸着腿走

-- I hurt my foot while getting off the bus, and had to hobble

home.

我在下公共汽车时脚受了伤, 只好一拐一拐地走回家。

Hobble n.困难, 窘惑

-- be in (get into) a hobble 陷于窘境

compensate v.补偿

to compensate sb. For 为„向某人赔偿

-- Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her

favrourite

daughter.

年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了

的。

Compensate v.酬报（for）

-- The company compensates her for extra work. 公司因她的额

外工作而给她

报酬。

mumble v.喃喃而语

-- He mumbled sth. to me but I could not hear what he said.

他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。

mumbler n.说话含糊的人

basis n.基础, 基本, 根据

basic adj.基本的 n.基本, 要素, 基础 n.[计]BASIC 语言, 基

本高级语言

bring up 教育, 养育

mysteriously adv.神秘的

bind .（bound, bound, binding）缚, 绑

-- be bound up with 与...有密切关系

sense n.意思, 意义 n.感觉, 知觉, 感知

characteristic n.特性, 特征

Russian n.俄国人, 俄语 adj.俄国的, 俄国人的, 俄语的

Situation n.情形, 境遇

-- Comic situation 喜剧情节

appeal n.魅力, 吸引力, 感染力

stem vi.[美]起源, 发生 n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄

tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的

violent adj.猛烈的, 狂暴的, 剧烈的

-- a violent death 横死, 暴死

judge vi.下判断, 作出裁判

celebration n.庆祝, 庆典

eve n.前夕, 前日 n.节日的前夜（-- New Year‘s Eve 除夕）

n.（重大事件的）前夕（-- on the eve of the great war 大战前夕）

Text 课文

What is the basis of„sick‟humour?

Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where

we have been

brought up.

The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national

characteristics.

A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a

Russian joke.

I found it difficult to finish the work in a day.

It was difficult not to be attempted.

In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in

a joke which

would make

an Englishman laugh to tears.

Most funny stories are based on comic situations.

be based upon„ 基于„

-- This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完

全根据实际情

况写成的。

In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a

universal appeal.

No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh

at, say, Charlie

Chaplin„s

early films.

However, a new 无效 of humour, which stems largely from the

U.S., has

recently come into

fashion.

stem from 源自, 起源于

-- His feeling of hate stem from envy.（n.羡慕, 妒嫉）

-- Her interest in flowers stemmed from her childhood in the

country.

stem from 源自, 起源于

= come from 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的

= arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生

= originate from 由某人发起(首创)

Originate vi.发源, 开始, 发生

-- The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 争吵是由于误

解而引起的。

-- The film originated from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇

短篇小说。

Originate vt.使产生, 创始, 创办, 发明, 发起, 引起

-- They originated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。

come into fashion 流行起来, 开始风行

come into power (开始)掌权, 上台

call into being 使产生, 使出现, 建立, 成立

It is called„sick humour‟.

Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death

or serious

accidents.

Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.

The following example of„sick humour‟will enable you to judge

for yourself.

A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few

weeks before

Christmas.

From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his

doctor to tell him

when he

would be able to go home.

He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.

Dread to do = dread doing

Though the doctor did his best, the patient„s recovery was slow.

On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.

He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was

missing.

Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜

A miserable day = a terrible day

think of 考虑, 设想, 想象

-- When I saw you I thought of my sister

think of doing sth

-- He is thinking of setting a school.

Spend time doing sth.

By 通过某种方式

-- I arrive here by train.

The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling

him that his

chances of being

able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were

good.

Chance 在表达机会这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。

One’s chances of doing sth are good 某人做某事的可能性很大

-- My chances of passing the examination are good.

-- His chances of being dismissed are good.

remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的

adj.极小的, 细微的, 模糊的（= slight adj.轻微的, 微小的）

One’s chances of doing sth are remote 某人做某事的可能性很

小

-- His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote.

The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year„s Eve he was

able to hobble

along to a

party.

take heart 鼓起勇气, 打起精神

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-- He took heart when he got the good news.

lose heart 灰心, 泄气

-- If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock

they will lose

heart.

To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the

man drank a little

more than was good for him.

To = in order to

More than„ 超出„范围

-- The cake is more than I can eat.

More than 后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句中常见

的形容词有：

necessary, good,

Possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think.

-- The man drank a little more than was good for him. = The man

drank a little

more than what was good for him.

-- There were more accidents than (what) was reported.

-- He eats more than (what/it) is good for him.

As 后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句

-- He arrived as I expected. = He arrived as (what) was expected.

-- He eats as much as (what/it) is good for him.

-- The man drank as much as (what) was good for him.

比较：

1>-- He eats more than is good for him. 他总是吃的正好。

-- He eats as much as is good for him. 他总是吃的过多。

2>-- The man drank a little more than was good for him.

-- The man drank as much as was good for him.

委婉的表达方式：

The man drank a little more than was good for him.

She is quite fat. = She isn’t right fat.（Right adv.正确的, 合适

的, 恰当的）

In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling

everybody how

much he hated

hospitals.

in the process of„ 在...的过程中

In the process = during the party（上文中的 party） 27-04

-- Yesterday I went swimming. In the process, I have a very good

time.

-- I was looking for your house and got lost in the process.

Keep telling = keep on telling

How much = To what extent

-- How much can I trust him? = To what extend can I trust him?

Extent n.程度, 范围, 广度, 宽度, 长度

He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of

the party when he

slipped on

a piece of ice and broke his left leg.

When = at that moment

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>C the funny side of„ „可笑方面的

fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地

be related to„ 与„有关系

2>B

3>A

point n.要点

taken 过去分词做后置定语

illustrate vt.阐明

4>A The French 法国人的总称

a French 应改为 a Frenchman（任意一个法国人）

a man in France 一个在法国的人

5>A

most adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的

adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其

n.大多数, 大部分

-- most student

-- most of the student

majority n.（常与 of 连用）多数；半数以上

the majority of„ 大多数„

-- The majority of children in our class have brown eyes. 我们班

大多数孩子是

棕色眼睛。

Mostly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常

6>A

who had the right leg à who had had the right leg（应该用过去

完成时）

7>B no sooner…than…

8>C by drinking

By 通过某种手段 （是重点, 在损坏的部分）

9>D do one‘s best = try one‘s best 尽全力

10>D console = comfort vt.安慰, 藉慰

11>C how much = to what extend

at length（adv.最后, 详细地）= in detail（adv.详细地）

to one‘s cost 付出了代价才..., 吃亏后才...

-- Wasp‟s stings are serious, as I know to my cost.

-- Wasp（n.黄蜂） Sting（n.刺, 刺痛, 针刺）

12>B

in the same way adv.同样地

to the same effect 以相同的意思

Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死

New words and expression 生词和短语

Labourer n.劳动者（劳工）

-- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。

Workman n.技工, 工匠

-- 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人

worker n.工人（泛指）

-- 具有更高水平的工人

-- white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者)

-- blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者)

-- a factory worker 工厂工人 / farm worker 雇农, 农业工人

farmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm labourers = farm

worker

Overnight adv.一夜期间

Hay n.干草

Corn n.谷物

-- Corn n.［英］谷物, 五谷, 小麦 ［美、加、澳］玉米 ［苏、

爱］燕麦

Moonlight n.月光

Conscientious adj.认真的

Conscientious adj.尽责的, 凭良心的, 谨慎的

-- a conscientious teacher

-- a conscientious worker 勤勤恳恳的工作者

conscious adj.有意识的, 神志清醒的

-- He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤, 不过神志还清醒。

conscious adj.了解的, 察觉的

-- She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得

他在这房间里。

-- I was conscious of her presence. 我知道她在场。

Suspect v.怀疑

Suspect vt.怀疑, 猜疑, 疑心

-- I suspected her motives. 我怀疑她的动机。

Suspect sb to be

-- suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了

-- I suspect him to be a spy.

suspect sb of doing/n

-- I suspect him of stealing the car.

-- suspect sb. of giving false information 怀疑某人提供假情报

-- suspect sb. of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪

Suspect that…

-- I suspect that his girlfriend hide her true feelings.

-- We suspect they‘ll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会

儿。

Suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑

Suspicious adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的

-- Cats are suspicious of human beings.

Suspect 表示一种肯定的语义, Doubt 表示一种否定的语义

Doubt vt.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准（用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑）

-- I doubt the truth of it. 我怀疑它的真实性。

-- I doubt that he will come. 我看他不见得会来。

-- I doubt whether [if] he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。

-- I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下

来。

-- Can you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会获胜吗?

-- I doubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。

Doubtful adj.怀疑的；不信任的

-- It is doubtful that he will come.

Doubtable adj.可疑的, 令人怀疑的

Desert v.（军队中）开小差

-- The soldier deserted his army. 这个士兵开小差。

Desert .遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃）

违背法律、道义、责任、信仰

-- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family

Abandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的

东西）

-- He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war.

-- abandon one‘s home 离弃家园

-- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

（research n.研究,

调查）

他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。

Forsake vt.(-sook, -saken )

舍弃, 放弃, 背弃, 和„脱离关系

-- He forsook his family.

-- He has forsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和

孩子。

革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)

-- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。

Discard vt.放弃, 丢弃, 抛弃（= give up as useless）

-- Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.

Regiment n.（军队）团

Action n.战斗

Recluse n.隐士

give up 放弃, 抛弃, 认输

labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工 v.劳动, 苦干

cowshed n.牛棚, 牛舍

oblige vt.迫使, 责成

Text 课文

Why did the two brothers keep the secret?

For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.

Haunt vt.闹鬼

-- It is said that the public house was haunted.

Haunt vt.常去, 常到（某地）= visit somewhere every often

-- He haunted this cinema.

The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.

Own = possess

They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work

there long.

Be willing to do = be ready to do

Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.

Every time = whenever 引导时间状语从句

-- Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.

= Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.

Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work

had been done

overnight.

Wake up to find that„ 醒过来时, 结果发现„

-- He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of

people.

-- He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.（表示

遗憾的结果用

only）

Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker,

who stayed up

all night,

claimed to have seen a figurecutting corn in the moonlight.

claimed to do…

-- He claimed to have seen the puma.

-- Seamen claimed to have seen monsters.

See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事

Who 引导非限定定语从句（lesson 08）

-- These young people, who love the peace of the mountains,

always receive a

warm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.

stay up 不睡觉, 留在原地，原地不动（= not to go to bed）

= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜

-- The boy sat up to see the film.

Wait up for 等候着不睡

-- Don‟t wait up for me; I‟ll be home very late.

burn the midnight oil 开夜车

-- I have to burn the midnight oil to tonight to complete work.

In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers

employed a

conscientious ghost

that did most of their work for them.

In time 最后, 终于

It became an accepted fact that„ 变成了一个大家都接受的事

实

That 引导同位语从句, 补充说明 fact。

-- It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.

= Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still

at large.

No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm

who had never

been seen.

Someone else who had never been seen.

This was indeed the case.

A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost

of Endley had

died.

Be astonished = be surprised

类似的词：amaze, astound

be astonished to do sth（可代替 do 的词：see, learn, hear, find,

know, discover）

-- I am not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.

Everyone went to the funeral, for the „ghost‟was none other than

Eric Cox, a

third brother

who was supposed to have died as a young man.

For(= as)引导原因状语从句, 对主句补充说明。

none other than = no other than 不是别的, 正是... （强调人）

-- The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband.

和她说话的不是别人正是她丈夫。

-- It was no other than my old friend.

nothing else than 只不过, 仅仅（强调事物）

-- His failure was due to nothing else than his own careless.

他的失败不因为其它原因, 仅仅因为他的粗心。

A third brother 又一位兄弟

Was supposed = was thought

-- He was supposed to have died twenty years ago.

After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had

kept for over

fifty years.

Keep secret 保密 （= keep sth to oneself）

Reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make known）

-- The press reveal the scandal.（n.丑事, 丑闻）（the press 新闻

界）

-- He kept secret for a long time. = He kept it to himself for a

long time.

Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than

his two brothers.

Very much 中的 Much 用来加强语气

He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World

War.

Be obliged to do„ = be force to do„ 被迫做某事

Feel obliged to do„ 有义务做某事

As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.

When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the

farm and his

father hid him

until the end of the war.

He had been in hiding…

Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as

well.

Fearing the authorities 现在分词做原因状语从句

Concealment n.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐蔽处

in hiding（躲藏着的）= remain in concealment（隐藏着, 躲着）

-- He remained in hiding at home.

His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.

The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.

The only other people who knew the secret 仅知道这个秘密的

人

The only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作

的人

They did not even tell their wives.

When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in

hiding.

They thought it their duty to„（it 是形式宾语）

-- I thought it very difficult to pass the examination.

-- We all think it our duty to support our parents.

动词 + 宾语（形式宾语 it）+ 宾补(名词、形容词) + to do„

All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep

during the day and

work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the

ghost of Endley.

Quite unaware of„ 形容词短语做状语

that 引导同位语

unaware adj.不知道的, 没有觉察的(of, that)

-- be unaware of the danger 没有觉察到危险

-- He was unaware that I was present. 他不知道我在场。

aware adj.知道的, 明白的

-- I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。

When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep

the secret any

longer.

his brothers found it impossible to„ （动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 +

to do„）

-- We found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

= It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>D

It never occurred to them that„ 他们从来没有想到过„

2>A

penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）

desertion n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差

3>D

outbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作

bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏

4>B 5>C

6>B army life = life in the army 军队生活

school life = life in the school 学校生活

7>A 8>A

9>C with time 随着时间的推移

at the time 当时, 在那个时候

on time adv.准时

at times adv.有时, 不时

10>B

recruit vt. vi.招募（新兵）

-- to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官

吸收（新成员）

-- to recruit some new members 吸收新成员

con 脚本 n.被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用

draft）

-- He was con 脚本 into the army.

Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖

Regiment n.〈军〉团

-- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。

（常与 of 连用）大群；大量

-- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子

Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制

-- Modern children don‘t like being regimented. 现代的儿童不

喜欢受严格的

控制。

11>D hermit n.隐士, 隐居者

12>A

realizing = become aware of

never realizing = quite unaware of

Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人

New words and expression 生词和短语

lovable adj. 可爱的 lovable=worthy of love 惹人爱的

lovely=beautiful 可爱的

What he does is lovable. 他的所作所为很惹人爱。

I like the lovely boy/girl. 我喜欢这个可爱的孩子。

A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。

eccentric n. （行为）古怪人:

eccentric n. =a person whose behavior is

peculiar ,unusual,rather strange.;

adj: peculiar,unusual,strange strange 因为陌生而奇怪

The modern building looks strange to the villagers. eccentric a.行

为举止古怪

I can't get on well with him, because he is eccentric. odd 强调

指出因为少见而多怪

Look, he is wearing an odd hat. peculiar 奇异的,不同寻常的

The house is peculiar.

I feel peculiar today.=I feel uncomfortable/ill.=I‟m not myself

today.

eccentricity n.怪癖

disregard v. 不顾，漠视 disregard v.=ignore ,pay no

attention to Disregard

noise and keep working. disregard n.

have a disregard of/for

He has complete disregard of/for my feelings.他对我的感情漠然

不顾。

in disregard of 不顾，忽视，漠视

He did the work in disregard of my instructions.他不顾我的指示

而继续做这项工作。

treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人

Anyway, don't treat your friends with disregard.无论如何不能怠

慢自己的朋友。

convention n. 习俗，风俗

convention n.: generally accepted practice 被普遍接受的行为

准则、常规、惯例,可受时间影响

Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in

China. custom

历史悠久的社会习俗,不受时间影响

It is a custom of giving presents at Christmas.

He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about

convention.

practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗

The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the

job is

done.这个公司的通常做 法是工作一做完就记帐单。

a normally accepted practice 普遍接受的做法 见 23 课

tradition 传统,比 custom 有更悠久的历史

Spending Christmas day is a tradition for western people. habit

个人习惯

I have a habit of reading aloud in the morning.

Conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的

conscious a.感觉到的=aware

be conscious of/that=be aware of/that

He is quite unaware of the danger.他丝毫没有意识到这个危险。

He is not conscious of the danger. class conscious 有阶级意识

的 family conscious

有家庭观念的 clothes conscious 注重衣着的 stairs

conscious 注重地位的

aware ;conscious 的反义词直接加

un-----unaware ;unconscious

subconscious 下意识的

consciousness n.意识、知觉、个人思想

routine n.常规,惯例

routine=the regular fixed way of sth./doing things

follow the routine 墨守成规

break the routine 打破常规

start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活

shrewd adj.精明的,狡猾的,敏锐的,机灵的

shrewd=showing good practical judgement

He is a shrewd observer.

We have got shrewd common sense.

Sb. is shrewd. = He has good judgement. shrewd brained 头脑机

灵的

shrewd headed 头脑机灵的 shrewd looking 看起来机灵的

shrewd a.精明的

cunning :clever at deceiving 善于欺骗的

sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的 强于 cunning

a sly old fox 非常狡猾的老狐狸

intensely adj.强烈地

intense adj.=very strong ;violent; extreme ;sharp ; central intense

cold

严寒

intense heat 酷暑

intense discussion 激烈的讨论

intensify vt.使„„增强

You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任

感。

intensity n.强烈、剧烈、强度

Losing jobs are growing in intensity.失业这种现象是越来越严

重了。

reprimand v.正式地、严厉地斥责 reprimand :scold officially

and severely blame

责备（语气程序很弱）

blame sb. for sth.

The teacher blamed him for his coming late. scold 斥责（语气

稍重一点）

Don't scold me for such a trifle. 不要因为这样的小事责备我。

reproach 斥责

He often reproached his children.

reprimand v./n. 严厉斥责；谴责 (语气最强) The boss

reprimanded his employees

severely.

apologetic a.道歉的

He was apologetic. 他致以歉意。

apologize v.道歉

apologize to sb.

He apologized to his boss.

The boss apologized to his employees. apology n.歉意

make apology to sb. for sth.

stage v.暗中策划

He staged a joke.

elaborate adj.精心构思的 elaborate =carefully worked out an

elaborate design

精心的设计 elaborate vt. 精心设计构思

He elaborated a system of computer.

Text 课文

True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to

themselves.

真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。

deliberately: on purpose

set out to do=set about doing=start doing/to do sth.

draw/capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive attention to 吸引

对...的注意

They disregard social conventions without being

conscious that they

are doing anything

extraordinary.

他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。

He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact.

This invariably wins them the love and respect of

others, for

they add colour to the dull

routine of everyday life.

他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日

常生活增添了色彩。

invariably:=always

win them the love and respect of others --- win sb sth

Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her

colleagues.

add colour to 为增添......色彩

Eccentric add colour to our dull life.

希望背诵第一段

Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most

notable

figures in our town.

理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。

up to the time of his death: before he died 完成时的标志，这里

之所以没有用现在或过去完成

时，主要是突出一个客观事实

notable: famous

He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but

most people in the

town hardly knew anything about this side of his life.

他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中

的这一个方面几乎一无所知。

this side of his life 生活中的这一个方面：指他的精明能干、

有钱

He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had

become legendary

long before he died.

大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成

了传奇故事了。

be known to sb. 众所周知

long before he died 在他去世前很久

Dickie disliked snobs intensely.

迪基痛恨势利小人。

intensely: violently,strongly, very much

Though he owed a large car, he hardly ever used it, prefering

always to go

on foot.

尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代

车。

prefering 现在分词做伴随状语

hardly: rarely

One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been

caught in a

particularly heavy

shower.

一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。

be caught in 突然遇到，突然碰上

be caught in a heavy shower 遇到瓢泼大雨

be caught in a heavy snow 遇到大雪

be caught in a heavy storm 遇到风暴

He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a

bedraggled

condition than

an assistant refused to serve him.

他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值 300 英镑的手

表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子， 竟不肯接待他。

in such a condition/state 处于一种状态

bedraggled condition 拖泥带水的状态

hat.. 如此...以至于...

The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid

no attention

to him and requested to see

the manager.

店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。

pay no attention to him= ignore him=take no notice of him=turn

a deaf ear

to him= refuse to listen

to him

request 求见（正式，礼貌，语气强烈）

I requested the headmaster.

Every student can request assistance of their teacher.

demand 在语气上还要强烈，并且不愿意接受否定的回答

I demand my rights. 我要求我的权利。

ask 口头或写信要求得到某物

I asked to get the book. He asked me for help.

Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was

most apologetic

and reprimanded the

assistant severely.

经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了

店员。

recognizing 现在分词做原因状语

most=very much

When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with

the cloth

bag.

店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他。

hand sb sth /hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人

present sb with sth / present sth to sb 把某物交给某人(比较正

式)

He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left --

30,000

pennies in all!

他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起

共有 30,000 枚！

insist on doing/insist that + should do 坚决要求

He insisted that the shop assistant should count the money before

he left.

This exhibition received a great deal of attention

in the press,

for though the pictures were

supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been

painted by

Dickie.

这次展览引起报界广泛注意，因为这些画名义上是名家的作

品，事实上是迪基自己画的。

receive an attention 引起注意

receive a great deal of attention in the press 引起报界的广泛注

意

suppose to do

It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove

that

critics do not always

know what they are talking about.

他花了 4 年时间策划这出精心设计的闹剧，只是想证明评论

家们有时并不解他们所谈论的事 情。

simply to prove=only to prove

don't always know what they are taking about= don't always talk

sense=

always talk nonsense

talk nonsense 胡说八道

talk sense 说正经话

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1.正确答案：B

go to such lenghths 竭尽全力

2.正确答案：B

3.正确答案：D

4.正确答案：B

be quite unaware of the that 引导同位语

从句,在非正式用法中 of the fact 可省略

5.正确答案：B

much 多用在疑问句或否定句中，而肯定句中多用 a lot;a

great deal

He knows a lot about it.

He doesn't know much about it. Does he know much about it?

6.正确答案：A 7.正确答案：A

8.正确答案：A 9.正确答案：D

10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C

12.正确答案：D

talk nonsense 胡说八道

talk sense 说正经话

Lesson 32 A Lost Ship 沉船之谜

New words and expression 生词和短语

salvage n. 营救，救助，打捞

salvage goods from fire 从火中抢救货物

salvage the patient 拯救病人

salvage your time 节省时间

salvage archaeology/boat/ money 抢救性的考古/营救船/救助

的钱

cargo n.货物

cargo : the goods carried by ship, plane or vehicle （通常用于

船运）

The ship has a cargo of 1000 tons. cargo vessel 货船

goods: the goods carried by plane or train 也可以做形容词。做

形容词时只表示铁路运输。常 指商店里的商品。

a goods train 货物列车

Trains are used to carry goods and passengers. 火车是用来运

送货物和旅客的。

scour vt.彻底搜查

scour : go through

The house has been searched/scoured for the hidden bullions.为

了找到被藏起来的金条，整个房

子都被彻底找过了。

search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西 比 look

for 更正式

I have been searching everywhere but I can‟t find the key. hunt

指漫无边际的寻找急需的东西

We spent a week hunting for the puma.

scour 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围 并暗示花费更大的力

气 They scour the woods for the child.

三个词的共同特点：search/scour/hunt 都可以+ for 表示目的

chest n.箱子

chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept

case（总称）/ suitcase (手提相) / safe（保险箱）/ trunk（汽

车尾箱）/ dustbin(垃圾箱)

find n.. : sth good or valuable

The little restaurant is quite a find. The garden is a good find

piece v. 拼成整体

piece n. : part

a piece of cake / a piece of news

v. : put parts together to form a whole piece together 拼凑

They piece the log book together. 他们把航海日记拼凑在一

起

Piece up : 修补，拼合

Please piece up the dress. 请把裙子缝补一下

Piece a quilt. 拼缝一下被子

convoy n. 护航

in a convoy 护航

under a convoy 被护航

submarine n. 潜水艇 关于 sub 前缀的用法：

1．表示下 如：subway（地铁） /substructure（下层建筑）

/subsoil（下层土）/ subnormal

（低于正常的）

2．表示次、准、亚 如：subtropics（亚热带） / sub college

（准大学）/ sub continent（ 次 大陆）

3．表示副、分支、下级、下属 如： subeditor（副编辑） /

subagent（副代理人） /subhead

（副标题）/ sub office（分办事处）

4．表示接近的 如：subadult（接近成年的）/ sub teen (13 以

下) / subequal（接近相等的， 约等于）

5．表示再 如：subdivide（再分）/ sublet（转租）/subculture

（再培养）

naval n. 海军的

naval port 军港

naval power 制海权 navy n. 海军 voyage n. 海上

航行

navigation n. 航海术

navigate v. 航海，航行

Text 课文

The salvage operation had been a complete failure.

打捞工作彻底的失败了。 请背熟上面这个句子

My examination is a complete failure.

Their experiment had been a complete failure.

The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching

the Barents Sea

for weeks, was on its way

home.

这艘小船爱尔克号在巴伦支海上搜索已经好几个星期了，现

在正在返回途中。 定语从句。Which 指代 the small ship,

Elkor

A radio message from the mainland had been received by the

ship‟s captain

instructing him

to give up the search..

=The captain had received a radio message from

the mainland

instructing him to give up the search.。

船长收到了从大陆上发来的电报，指示他放弃搜索。 背熟这

句话。在这句话中，instructing 进一步说明 a radio message 的

内容。

instruct sb. to do sth. 指示命令某人做某事（在第五课已经学

过） the editor sent a fax to the

journalist instructing him to get statistics. 这位编辑给这位记者

发了一份传真，指示他马上开始获取数据。

The captain knew what another attempt would be made later, for

the sunken

ship he was trying to

find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.

make (another) attempt 再一次尝试 船长知道，今后还会另作

一次尝试，因为他在设法寻找的那艘沉船装载了贵重的金砖。

Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once

more.

尽管有那份电报，但爱尔克号船长决定再试一次。

dispite = in spite of

try once more 代替 make another attempt 为了避免重复

The seabed was scoured with powerful nets and there was

tremendous

excitement on board when

a chest was raised from the bottom.

他们用了又大又结实的渔网在海底拖。当一只大箱子从海底

被打捞上来时，船上的人兴奋 极了。

Searching the seabed need a lot of time and energy. 所以我们

用的动词是 scour，语气要比

seach 强烈。

重点掌握 there was tremendous excitement

在正式的书面语中，我们常用 there is tremendous excitement

这个结构。但是在口语中，我 们还是直接采用形容词

excited.

People on board felt excited.

There was tremendous excitement before the game.

Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost

ship had

been found, the contents

of the sea-chest proved them wrong.

虽然，开始时船员们以为沉船已经被找到，但是从海底捞起

的箱子里的东西证明他们错了，

under the impression = thinking that 认为

I‟m under the impression that he is the manager of the store. He

is under

the impression that you‟ll help him.

What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk

many years

before.

实际上，他们所找到的是艘多年前的沉船。 由 what 引导的

主语从句。

注意课文中出现的两个形容词 sunk 和 sunken。

做定语只用 sunken. 而过去分词的普通用法, 既可以用

sunk 也可以用 sunken,一般来讲用

sunk.

The ship had sunk. a sunken ship

The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan

Fielding.

箱子里装着一个 Alan Fielding 海员的私人物品。

personal belongings 个人所属物品

There were books, clothing and photographs, tighter

with letters,

which the seaman had once

received from his wife.

有书、衣物和照片，同时还有他妻子写给他的信件。

together with 还有

He together with his classmate went to the zoo and they enjoyed

themselves.

The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as

possible

from the wreck.

爱尔克号船长命令船员尽可能从沉船里多打捞些东西上来。

salvage as much as possible = salvage as much as they could

Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were

brought to

the surface.

虽然没有找到什么值钱的东西，但是被打捞上来的一些物件

倒是颇为有趣的。

nothing of value = valuble

Very much interesting = of great interest 极有意思的

Of great importance = of great significance 非常重要的

of no consequence = of no importance 无足轻重的

of no interest 没有意思

numerous = countless

In another sea-chest, which contained the belongings

of a ship‟s

officer, there was an

unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th,1943.

在另一只箱子有装着一位海军军官的东西。有一封 1943 年

3 月 4 日未写完的信件。 本句的主干是In another

sea-chest,

there was an unfinished letter which had been

written on March

14th,1943.

Which（指代 chest ）contained the belongings of a ship’s

officer = there were

the belongings of ship officer in the chest

The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship

was the

Karen.

船长从这封信中知道这艘船叫卡伦号。

learn form 从„„得知

The most valuable find of all was the ship‟s log book, parts of

which

it（形式主语）was still

possible to read.

在所有打捞上来的东西中最有价值的是这艘沉船的航海日

志。某些部分仍然能看清楚。

Which 在句中指代 log book，而 it 是形式主语，句子可以变

成 parts of the log book it was still

possible to read.进而变成 it was still possible to read parts of

the log book.

From this the captain was able to piece tighter all the information

that

had come to light.

船长可以把自己掌握的资料综合起来。

that had come to light.做定语从句修饰 information

Come to light = become known = emerge 被公开，被发现（不

及物动词短语，要用主动语态）

The secret came to light after his death.

bring sth. to light = review 把„„公布于众

The two brothers review the secret.

The two brothers brought the secret to light.

The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to

Russia when she was

torpedoed by an enemy

submarine.

卡伦号是在执行去苏联的护航任务中，遇到敌人潜艇的鱼雷

袭击。

in a convoy护航

under a convey 被护航

This was later confirmed by a naval official at

the ministry of

defense after the Elkor had

returned home.

爱克号回去以后，国防部的一位海军官员证实了这一点。

confirmed = made sure

this 指代“The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia

when she was

torpedoed by an enemy submarine.”

最好背诵第一段和牢记熟练运用第二三两自然段的重点固定

句式结构。

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1． 正确答案：A

2． 正确答案：B

3． 正确答案：A

4． 正确答案：C

5． 正确答案：B

6． 正确答案：D

10．正确答案：B

together with = along with 表示还有

added to 表示被加上

7． 正确答案：C

8． 正确答案：C

9． 正确答案：D

in the letter 在信中

in the radio message 在电报中

in the fax 在传真中

including 表示包含、包括。它强调一个整体包含若干个部分，

而这里是表示还有什么。

11．正确答案：C

inscribe 刻画

mark 做标记

12．正确答案：A

come to light = emerge

arisen 是 arise 的过去分词形式，是个不及物动词，表示产生、

出现

surface 露出水面

alight 要与介词 on 连用，表示偶然发现 My eyes alighted

on the book.

Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天

New words and expression 生词和短语

prelude n. 序幕，前奏

prelude 与介词 to 搭配表示“„„的前奏”

a prelude to serious trouble 麻烦事的前奏

introduction

n. 导言，绪论 （连 to）

introduction to the book

preface

n. 序，前言 （连 to）

foreword n. 序 （连 to）

unforeseen a. 意料之外的

foresee v. 预见，预知

foresee = see before hand / in advance

I foresee a bright future for you. foreseeable a. 可预见的

foreseeing a.

预料之中的 unforeseeing a. 意料之外的

foretell v. （普通用词）预言（主语可用人和物） predict

v. 预言，预示（语气比 foretell 强 主语是人） He

predicts that it would happen in ten years.

forecast v. 预测，预报

Timely snow foretells bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。

series n. 系列

series 单复数同行

常见搭配 a series of

We’ve got a series of good harvest. 我们取得了一连串的大丰

收。

chain n. 连串 连锁

a chain of 一系列 a chain of reaction a series of reaction

chain store 连锁店

chain reaction 连锁反应

chain smoker 吸烟很严重的人

succession 侧重指时间的顺序，强调时间的连续没有间隔开

a succession of failures 一系列的失败

We’ve got a succession of successes. 我们取得了一次又一次

的成功。

string 连续不断相似的事件

a string of cars 一连串的汽车

train 一个接一个发生的事

a train of thoughts /ideas 一个个的想法

catastrophe n.. 大祸，灾难 这个词强调严重，波及范围

广的灾难 worldwide ~ 世界范围的灾难

national ~ 波及全国的灾难

disaster n. 灾难，不幸 （比 catastrophe 弱的多说明灾

难，不幸的程度是可以忽略的） calamity

n.灾害，不幸事件（指令人痛心的，个人或社会的损失，往往

指产生持久的广泛 忧伤痛苦）

nature calamity 自然灾害

panic n. 惊慌，恐慌

panic = uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terror

get into a panic 陷入惊慌之中

He suddenly got into a panic and stopped his car.

be seized/struck with panic 惊慌失措

He was seized with panic. 他突然地感到惊慌失措。

terror n. 惊骇 horror n. 恐惧 frightn. 害怕 alarm n. 惊

恐

stray a. 迷失的 = lost

vi. 迷失（通常与介词 form 连用）

The dog strayed from home.

confusion n. 混乱

confusion = condition out of order

in order 秩序井然

out order 混乱

in confusion 乱七八糟

fall into confusion 陷入混乱状态

be covered with confusion 局促不安

throw sb. into confusion 使某人惊慌失措

devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃 有三种意思：

1. eat like an animal 狼吞虎咽

The dog devours the cake.

2. destroy 吞灭，席卷

The flame devours the whole building. 火把整幢楼都吞没了

3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看、听

His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风

Text 课文

建议背出全文

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong .

我们都曾经历过诸事不利的日子。

when 引导的定语从句修饰 days

Every dog has its day. 每个人都有飞黄腾达的日子。

A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to

get out of

control.

有时一天开始时可能还算顺利，但是突然间一切似乎都不可

收拾了。

get out of control = uncontrollable = beyond control 失控

everything seems to get out of control = everything seems to be

uncontrollable / beyond control

What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose

to go wrong

at precisely the

same moment.

事情总是这样发生的：很多事情偏偏在同一时间出乱子。 由

what 引导的主语从句。

invariably = always

What happened yesterday was that he couldn‟t deal with the hot

potato.

昨天发生的事就是他没 能应付这个棘手的人。

precisely = exactly

It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.

似乎一件小事情就会导致一连串的连锁反应。

a chain of reactions = a series of reactions

it is as if 似乎看起来

it seems as if 似乎看起来

it looks as if 似乎看起来

set up = cause 引起，导致，造成

What set up the accident / trouble?

set up（= create） 创立，建立

set up a world record 创立一个世界记录

The unimportant event is the prelude to trouble. 不重要的事情

是麻烦事的前奏。

Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and

keeping an eye

on the baby at the same

time.

让我们假定你正在烧饭，同时又照看着孩子。

keep an eye on the baby 照料孩子

keep an eye on = look after = take care of

Please keep an eye on my house while I am out.

keep one’s eyes open 睁大眼睛

When I am out, please keep your eyes open.

have an eye to （如果用动词 have 就一定要跟介词 to 搭

配）

keep an eye to the baby = keep one‟s eyes on the baby

eye for eye 以牙还牙

have eyes only for 只要，只爱

I have eyes only for you.

look sb. in the eyes 两眼直视某人

Don’t look me in the eyes. 不要直直地盯着我看。

eye to eye with sb. 与某人看法完全一致

I invariably eye to eye with my sister. 我总是与我的姐姐看法

一致。

turn a blind eye to sth. 对„„视而不见

He even turns a blind eye to me.

make eyes at sb. 含情脉脉地看着某人

The boy is making eyes at his girlfriend.

While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the

table,

smashing half your

best crockery and cutting himself in the process.

当你在接电话时，小孩把台布拉了下来，把最好的陶器打碎

了一半，同时手又被割破了。

on the phone = answer the phone

注意与介词 off 搭配的动词词组的意思：

pull off 拉下来 pick off 取下来 knock off 碰落下

来

smash half 摔成两半

in the process 在这个过程中

You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.

你连忙挂上电话，去照顾孩子，收拾陶器等等。

hang up = put on the receiver 挂断电话

attend to = look after = deal with 照顾，处理

Please attend to my baby. 请照料我的孩子。

Excuse me, I have something urgent to attend to. 请原谅，我有

一件急事要处理。

As if this were not enough to reduce you to

tears, your husband

arrives, unexpectedly

bringing three guests to dinner.

似乎这一切还不足以使你气恼得流泪，你丈夫回来了，出乎

意料地带着三个客人来吃饭。 重点句型。这是个虚拟语气。

reduce you to tears 迫使你流下眼泪

You almost reduce me to tears. 你快要让我流下眼泪来了。

His comforting words almost

reduced his wife to tears. 他安慰的话语让他的妻子几乎掉下

了眼泪。

His answer almost reduced me to silence. 他的回答几乎让我

沉默了。

The bomb reduced to the city to ruins. 这枚炸弹将这个城市化

为废墟。

We can draw a conclusion :

Everything seems to get out of control suddenly and a great

number of

things choose to go wrong

at precisely at the moment.

Troubles never come single. 祸不单行。

Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people

recently

discovered in Parramatta,

a suburb of Sydney.

正如许多人最近在悉尼郊区的帕兰马塔见到的那样，搞糟的

时期功能可能规模很大。

on a big scale = to a great degree = to great extent as 引导非限

定性定语从句

as we know 众所周知

As we know, the earth is round.

As Brane pointed out, giving up smoking is the easiest thing to

do in the

world.

As the headmaster mentioned, one is never too old to learn.正如

这位校长所提及的，活到老，学

到老。

as，which 都可以引导非限定性定语从句。但 as 重点突出

整个句子的含义 ，而 which 有可

能指代主句当中某个词的含义，也有可能指代整个句子的含

义。

As 引导非限定性定语从句，可以用于主句之前，as 和主句

之间要有一个逗号分隔开来。

As we expected, John was admitted to the university. 正如我们

所预料的，John 被这所大学入取

了。

As 引导非限定性定语从句，也可以用在主句之后，这时就

相当于 which

She married him, which was unexpected. She married him as was

unexpected.

但是在 as 所引导的非限定性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动

语态结构，被动词可以省略。

She married him as unexpected. （was 省略）

The material is elastic as shown in the figure. 如图显示，这种

材料是富有弹性的。

在这种情况下，shown 之前省略了谓语动词，这时就不能把

as 换成 which . 如果要用 which 则要补上谓语动词。

The material is elastic, which is shown in the figure.

During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both

drivers began

to argue.

一天晚上，车辆最拥挤的时候，两辆车相撞了。两位开车人

争论起来。

during the rush hour 上下班的高峰期

The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a

learner.

原句 = it happened that the woman behind the two cars was a

learner.

紧跟在两辆车后的那位女士又碰巧是个初学开车的人（实习

司机）。

happen to 恰巧

I happen to hear the news . 我恰巧听说了这个消息。

It happened that I heard about it the day before yesterday.

很凑巧，我是昨天听说这个事的。

This made the driver following her brake hard.

这使得她后面的司机紧急刹车。

Following 现在分词作定语修饰 driver

As she was thrown forward, the cake went right

through the

windscreen and landed on the

road.

当她由于惯性向前一冲的时候，蛋糕被甩出了挡风玻璃，落

到马路上。

副词 right 作状语，相当于 straight

Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry-driver

who was

drawing up alongside the car,

pulled up all of a sudden.

一个货车司机正在超车上来，看到一块蛋糕从空中掠过，于

是他把车刹住。

draw up = pull up 停车

all of sudden = suddenly

The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of

them slid off

the back of the

vehicle and on to the road.

这辆货车满载着空啤酒瓶，几百只瓶子从车子后面滑到了地

上。

was loaded with = was filled with vehicle 这里指的是 truck，

lorry

This led to yet another angry argument.

这又导致了另外一次激烈的争吵。

lead to = cause 导致

Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind.

同时后面的车辆全停下了，堵塞了交通。

meanwhile = at the same time = at the same moment = in the

meantime 与此同时

Tt took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move

again.

警察花了近一个小时才使交通重新通畅。

get the traffic on the move 使得车辆开动起来

on the move = move from place to place 在移动之中（介词 on

和名词搭配表示处于某种状

态或者某种动作正在进行之中）

on the rise 正在上升

on the boil 正在沸腾

on the go 正在忙碌中

on the watch 正在监视中

on the turn 正在转变中

on the run 正在逃跑中

on the fly 正在飞行中

on the increase 正在增加

on the decrease 正在减少

Only two stray dogs benefited from all this

confusion, for they

greedily devoured what was

left of the cake.

只有两条野狗从一片混乱中得到好处，因为他们贪婪地吞噬

了剩下的蛋糕。

benefit from 从„„得益

You can benefit a lot from your reading.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1． 正确答案：C

2． 正确答案：B

省略 as 的虚拟条件句

As there had been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.

假如在这两辆车后面是一位 有经验的司机

3． 正确答案：A

4． 正确答案：B

that is„是定语从句修饰 event a single unimportant event

that is of no importance 是修饰 event，而 set up 是整个句子

的谓语部分

5． 正确答案：D

典型的现在分词做状语。为了使现在分词做状语比较明确，

可以在现在分词前面加上 while

6． 正确答案：A

7． 正确答案：A

如果介词短语提前到句子前面，那么句子必须采用倒装形式

8． 正确答案：C

spending (time) doing sth.

9． 正确答案：C

and 连接的前后两个词相呼应

10．正确答案：B

get into a panic 陷入慌乱之中

in panic 在恐慌（惧）中

in terror 在恐慌（惧）中

in fear 在恐慌（惧）中

in horror 在恐慌（惧）中

11．正确答案：A

slid over 躲过 He slid over the question without answering

it.

slip off 滑落

12．正确答案：D 剩余的蛋糕

remain 表示所剩余的部分，除此以外也表示遗体，遗址。

C 选项 leftover 通常采用复数形式 leftovers，表示吃剩的东

西。

The leftovers of the meal were fed to the dog.

Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现

New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中

体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文

章里

antique n. 古董，古玩

fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力

= the power of fascinating 常与 for/over/on 连用

have fascination for sb 固定句势结构

--Cats have unfailing fascination for most people.

--Chinese Art has great fascination for me.

fascinate: attract or interest very strongly 使着迷，常用被动

形式

--Cats never fail to fascinate human being.

--English never fail to fascinate students.

fascinated by / with sth

--He is fascinated with chess.

--The students were fascinated by his idea.

Charm 比 fascinate 语气要弱

--The beautiful picture charms me.

--I am charmed by the beautiful picture.

Captivate 迷惑，使着迷

--His idea captivated me.

Enchant 使迷惑，用魔法迷惑，使心醉，使喜悦

be enchanted by / be enchanted with

--She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.

Fascinate / charm / captivate / enchant 后接加 ing 变成形容

词

Fascinating / charming / captivating / enchanting

--She is a charming girl.

--Cats are fascinating animals.

--The flowers are enchanting.

Winning 吸引人的，主要指物品

--The beautiful dresses is winning.

Forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的

=having a unfriendly or danger look.

--He has got a forbidding appearance.

--We‟d better not visit the forbidding coast.

Forbid 不允许

Forbid sb to do sth

--The father forbad his children to touch the clavichord. Forbid

doing sth

--Smoking is forbidden here. The Forbidden City 紫禁城

Forbidden fruit 禁果

Forbidden zone 禁区

Forbid / prohibit / interdict

Forbid : 政府或私人下令以禁止

--Swimming is forbidden here.

Prohibit: 法律条文或官方明令禁止

--The law prohibits young people under 18 from going to bar.

Interdict: 法律或教会所不允许

Muster v. 鼓起

Collect / summon

Muster up / Collect up / summon up = gather / pluck up / keep up

鼓起，振奋

--He mustered up his courage and walked up to the girl.

Pretentious adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的

--We won‟t like to visit the pretentious shop.

Assorted adj. 各式各样的

=various types mixed together

assorted / different / various

different : 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同

--The word glare is different from that word slare.

Various : 各种各样的 all kinds of 强调种类不同

--We have got various books.

In every part / all parts / various parts of the world 在世界各地

Assorted : various types mixed together

--Assorted chocolates 什锦巧克力

--He bought a bag of assorted fruit.

Diverse 强调性质不同

--We have got diverse opinion.

junk n. 破烂货，废品

rubbish / garbage / trash / junk

dealer v. 商人

businessman / trader / merchant / tradesman

dealer 侧重于零售，相当于 tradesman

peddler 小贩

cherish v. 期望，渴望

=entertain or keep hope , love etc. in mind deeply

--she cherishes the hope that her son will return.

--Don‟t cherish such illusion.

--Don‟t cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your

debts.

Amply adv. 足够地

Ample 充足而有余的

Ample / enough

Enough 数量，程度足够

--The bread is just enough for one meal.

--He is old enough to go to the party.

Sufficient 只放在名词前

Enough 可放在名词前或后

--We have sufficient food to last one week.

--We have enough food / food enough to last one week.

Sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前

Old enough / sufficiently old

Adequate 数量和质量上的满足

--The performance is adequate.

--Don‟t be worried .They have gotten ample time.

Ample / adequate / sufficient / enough

--Whatever you do, you must put your heart into

it. And

then,someday you will be rewarded amply.

Masterpiece n. 杰作 mere adj. 仅仅的 prise

v. 撬开 carve v. 镌刻

dagger n. 短剑，匕首 miniatureadj. 小巧的，小型的

composition n. 构图

Text 课文

Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many

people.

古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。

Exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力

Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸引

人。 Shoe shops exert a

peculiar fascination on a great many ladies. 鞋店对于很多女士

来讲，具有一种很特殊的魅力。

The more expensive kind of antique shop where

rare objects are

beautifully displayed in

glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding

place.

首先抓主干：

The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding

place.

高档一点的古玩店往往是令人望而却步的地方。

Where 引导的定语从句修饰 antique shop

Rare objects 文物，稀有珍品 可以用 Rarity 来代替。

Keep sb or sth free from （29 课）

You can‟t keep yourselves free from anxieties like tramps.

你是不能够像约翰一样不受烦恼的侵扰的。

We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.

我们把书放进书柜目的不落上灰尘。

But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious

antique

shop.

The forbidding antique shop is pretentious.

二三两句包含强烈明显的对比。

The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding

place. But

no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious

clothing shop.

一种高档的服装店往往是令人望而却步的，但是当我们走进

一家普普通通的不是矫揉造作的

普通商店的时候却不必鼓足勇气。

There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark,

disordered rooms

a real rarity will

be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that little the floors.

人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂

里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、

一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。

There is always hope that …… We cherish the hope that ……

You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply

rewarded.

Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces

of

paper.

地面上到处都是纸。

No one discovers a rarity by chance.

By chance / by accident 偶然地，偶尔地

A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above

all, the

ability to recognize

the worth of something when he sees it.

Dedicated / concentrated

A truly dedicated person.

--He is a truly dedicated scholar.

--He is a truly dedicated English learner.

Above all : most important of all 最重要的是。承上启下。用

来加强语气。

The ability to do something

To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer.

To do this : in order to discover a rarity

Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the

hope that

one day he will be

amply rewarded.

Bent on / bent upon 决心于。 形容词短语做定语修饰

scientist

--He is bent on winning the game.

--He is bent on becoming a bridge player.

Be bent on doing sth / be determined on doing sth / be devoted to

/ be

engaged in

He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for

a mere $50.

For 花费

A mere : only

He found a great deal to interest him.

He found a lot of interesting things.

要会背这两个句型。

The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when

he noticed a

large packing

case lying on the floor.

Be about to do sth

Be about to when ( at the moment )„„.表示正要或刚要干什

么，突然

--I was about to leave when the telephone rang.

--He was about to lock door when his friend visited him.

The morning passed rapidly and Frank just come

in, but that he

could not be bothered to

open it.

Bother : trouble 打扰

--Don‟t bother / trouble to come here tomorrow.

--I would not like to be bothered / troubled by you every day.

Disturb 语气更为强烈，又指心烦意乱的心理状态，有时也

指严重的精神错乱。

--The news has disturbed me very much.

--It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the

quiet countryside .

Disturbing / disturbed

Trouble 在含义上介于 disturb / bother 之间

Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full

of

crockery, much of it broken.

Apart from 除„„之外，还有

=In addition to

=Except

--Apart from a slight headache , I feel all right now.

the box was full of crockery, and much of it broken. 独立主格

结构

Dish is done , he begged his wife not to sweep the floor.

--She ran into the room , her face covered with tears.

--He lay in bed , his face exposed.

Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box an

suddenly

noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing

case.

At the bottom of 在底部

At the top of 在顶部

Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he

had made a

real discovery. Conceal one’s excitement 掩饰激动心情

Make a real discovery 做出发现

The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by

Correggio and was

worth hundreds of thousands of pounds.

hundreds of thousands of 几十万

短语 （文中有解释）

For a mere &50

In my neighbourhood

He found a great deal to interest him

Was about to do when

The dealer told him that it had just come in , but that he could not

be

bothered to open it

Prised it open

Apart from

Much of it broken At the bottom of Reminded sb of sth

For he knew that he had made a real discovery

Was worth hundreds of thousands of pounds

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1„ 正确答案：B

display the kind of perseverance (展现出坚韧不拔的毅力)

过去分词做定语修饰 perseverance perseverance needed to

do

2„ 正确答案：B

happen to be : 恰巧

3„ 答案正确：C

4„ 答案正确：B

to keep them free from dust

which 引导定语从句，限定 glass cases

5„ 答案正确：D

ordinary =>less pretentious it is not necessary

6„ 答案正确：

the ability

be able to do = have the ability to do be capable of + 动名词

7„ 答案正确：A

he had never been there before……

never having been there before

the first time to do sth 要去做某事

8„ 答案正确：D

cost 的响应形式

9„ 答案正确：C

in my neighbourhood = near my home

10„ 答案正确：B

just „ when „: 刚„就„;正在„突然

11„ 答案正确：A

nail down : 用钉子钉住

rope : 用绳子拴住，捆住

12„ 答案正确：C glancing at it briefly „ give sth. A brief

glance peer : 眯着眼睛看

重点习题：2 .7. 10

Changtong 编与 2004-3-3

Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义

New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中

体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文

章里

justice n. 正义，公正；司法

--Justice is done. 正义得到伸张。

bring justice to the criminal. 把罪犯缉拿归案。

do justice to sb. 公正对待某人。

do oneself justice. 公正对待自己。

give oneself up to justice. 自首

in justice to : 为了对„公正起见

the ministry of justice 司法部

injustice 不公平，不公正

law n.法律

take law into one’s own hand : 无法无天

take the law of sb : 控告

at law : 在诉讼中

within the law : 合法

outside the law : 不合法 lawyer : 律师 lawful :

有法可依

lawfully adv

lawless: 没有法律的

lawlessly adv

innocence n 无辜

innocent a.无辜的

undertake v.承担，着手做

undertake to do

--He undertook to inform everyone concerned.

--We undertake a investigation.

承担，着手做：

start to do sth

take off doing sth be engaged in sth set out to do

set about doing

carry on doing

perform sth .

„„ on the way

arduous a.艰苦的，艰难的

--Studying English is a arduous job.

ous 结尾的形容词

industrious a 勤劳的

laborious a 劳神的，费力的，吃力的

strenuous a.费力的，精心的，须全力以付的，比 arduous 强

烈的多，同时表示奋发的

mete out 给予，处置

mete out reward 进行奖励

mete out punishment 进行惩罚

--Justice was meted out to them. 他们得到了公正的处理。

accord n/vi 一致

in accord with : 和„„一致

out of accord with : 和„„不一致

of one’s own accord : 自然而然地

--Justice is done of its own accord.

according to : 依据，根据

in accordance with : 依据（法律）

premises : n. 房屋

residence : 住处，居住地，非常正式的用词 dwelling : 供人

居住的地方，也是非常正式的用词 house : 住房

housing : 房（总称）the housing problem 住房问题

disused : a.不再用的，废弃的 disused house 废弃的房子

misused : 弄错了的 used : 用过了的 second-hand : 二手

的

chip v. 砍，削，凿

chip a hole 凿了一个洞

chop : 砍

chop head 砍头

Text 课文

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law.

be associated with = be connected with , be related to : 与„相

联系

We might say that justice has been done when a

man's innocence

or guilt has been proved

beyond doubt.

We might say that ：我们也许会说（重点框架）一种不太肯

定的口气

--We might say that justice has been done. 我们也许会说正义

得到了伸张。 beyond

prep.(介词)：超出某种范围，限度，主要是和名词进行搭配

beyond doubt 无可怀疑

--He has been proved to be innocent beyond doubt. 他已经被

证据确凿的证明无罪了。

beyond belief 难以相信 beyond words 难以形容 beyond

description 难以描述 beyond

question 难以质疑 beyond hope 没有希望

beyond recovery 康复无望 beyond dispute 无可争议

beyond controversy 无可争辩 beyond

imagination 难以想象 beyond measure 难以衡量

beyond understanding 难以理解 beyond comparison 无与伦

比 beyond one’s „超出某人的„

--Your beauty is beyond my description. 你的美是我无法用言

词形容的。

Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.

part of ：部分, 前面没有冠词

--Only part of his story is true. 他的话有一部分是真实的

parts of : 几部分，若干部分

--Parts of the log book were recognized. 航海日志的若干部分

还是能被辨认出来的.

--Large parts of the house were destroyed in the fire.房屋的大部

分在火灾中烧毁了。 无论是

part of 还是 parts of 后面都要带单数名词

Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never

be sure that

they will find it.

那些追寻正义的人，可以说是踏上了一条漫长崎岖而且艰难

的道路。

Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make

mistakes.

法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。

however = no matter how

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an

abstract

concept.

在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。

There are rare instances when：在极个别的情况下。

--There are rare instances when women are not equal to men.

在极个别的情况下，女士和男士是不平等的。

cease: （正式）彻底的停止，暗指动作的突然性

--His heart suddenly ceased to beat. 他的心脏突然停止了跳

动。 ceased to do 与动词不定式连用

stop:（广泛，不正式）不强调方式，只强调结果

--The car suddenly stopped. 车突然停了。

Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human

interference.

奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的

quite independent of human interference

--形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况。

He deserves it. / It serves him right. 罪有应得

At such times, justice acts like a living force.

在有的时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。

At such times：在有的时候

When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part,

admitting

that a certain set

of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某

种特定的环境使得正义自动地起 了作用。

把握句子主干：

we are , in part , admitting that 我们部分的承认了„

enabled sb. to do 使什么能够做某事

of its own accord 自然而然的

When a thief was caught on the premises of

large jewellery store

on morning, the shop

assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation

to say

'it serves him right.'

一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，

店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪 有应得。”

二三自然段衔接相当紧密，再次提到'it serves him right.'

„found it impossible to resist the temptation to say„（双否）背

诵

Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind

on of the

walls.

快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷

声闷气的叫声。

come from behind : 从后面

--He jumped from behind one of the trees. 他从树后跳了出

来。

As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager

who

promptly rang up the

fire brigade.

由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给

消防队挂了电话。

promptly=immediately 马上

They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and

listening for

the man's cries.

他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。

located the right chimney 确定那个烟囱

学习笔记

by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries and 连

接前后形式相一致。

listen for : pay attention ,so as to be sure of hearing 表示集中注

意力，等待听到某种声音

--We are listening for the clock to announce the New Year.

我们正等待新年钟声的敲响。

--I‟m listening for your steps.

我正倾听着你的脚步声。

The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged,

admitted at once

that he had tried to

break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the

chimney.

那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承

认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍， 但让烟囱卡住了。

emerged：出现 = came out , appeared get stuck : 被卡住

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1„ 正确答案：C take effect : 起作用 要背熟题干，相当

重要

2„ 正确答案：B expect them to be of most help (背熟这种表

达方式)

I expect you to be of most help

3„ 正确答案：B 重点动词：ascertained 确定

4„ 正确答案：

However = no matter how

5„ 正确答案：C

6„ 正确答案：

be tempted to do 被诱引去做某事

7„ 正确答案：C

独立主格结构做原因状语

8„ 正确答案：C

介词 in 与动名词搭配，表示在什么的时候，在什么的过程当

中。 在同他讲话当中，我发现他有点紧张

In speaking to him, I found him nervous.

While 确实可以引导从句，但是 while 引导从句，分词短语

和介词短语，而不能跟动名词形 式搭配。在 while

引导的从句当中要出现的是延续性动词。

9„ 正确答案：A

侧重听到了这个结果。

10„ 正确答案：D

11„ 正确答案：B

12„ 正确答案：D

emerge (侧重于强调公布于众)：come to light

本文表示出来

come up : 意外发生

Changtong 编与 2004-3-4

Lesson 36 A Chance in a Million 百万之一的机会

New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中

体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文

章里

credulous adj.轻信的 improbable adj.不大可能的

obscure adj.不起眼的 maidservant n.女仆，女佣

presume v.假定

wickedly adv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地

plot v.密谋 downfall n.倒台，垮台 naive adj.天真的

unacceptable adj.不能接受的 conspire v.(事件)巧合促成

incredible adj.难以置信的 resemblance

n.相似

scorn n.嘲弄，挖苦 acquaint v.使了解 reunitev.使团聚

assume v.假定，认为

credulous adj.轻信的 (多修饰人)

区分 credible:可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物 eg. The story he

told us is credible.

incredulous / incredible

反义词 believable 以已知事实为根据 eg. He demanded for

believable explanation.

(反)unbelievable

improbable adj.不大可能的

obscure adj.

1)不起眼的，不出名的 eg. The bus stopped at an obscure little

town.

2)令人费解的 not clearly An obscure figure can be seen

through the fog. 模糊不清的

通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.

vague:多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清

eg. what he said is vague.

maidservant n.妇女仆,女佣

presume v.假定 take sth. as true 经常用的表达方式 presume

that

根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断

assume 与事实不相符合 eg. Let us assume that your words

are fact.

suppose 最普通的用词猜想陈述自己的看法 I suppose that

it was my fault.

wickedly adv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地

plot v.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人.

eg. The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.

conspire 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当 犹指反叛 scheme

某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利 eg. The man is

scheming for power.图谋夺权.

本文中 conspire 指事件巧合促成

eg. The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.

downfall n.倒台,垮台

naive adj.天真的

unacceptable adj.不能接受的

conspire incredible

resemblance n.相似的

like ness bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth. have a close

resemblance

to sb. or sth.

eg. The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister. such a

resemblance

resemble

likeness 最普通的用语,比 resemblance 意味要强

resemblance 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似 similarity

性质物色程度的相似

similar to sth. sb.

scorn n.嘲弄,挖苦 短语 pour scorn on

pour contempt on pour ridicule on pour heap

eg. He poured scorn on his wife's suggestion.

look down upon 瞧不起，蔑视 辨析：

think scorn of contempt:蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱卑鄙,

语气强于 scorn

despite 语气较弱,表示嘲弄 His suggestion was dismissed

with scorn. His face

showed the scorn/despite he felt.

acquaint v.使了解 be acquainted with sth. eg. I have been

acquainted with the

secret. acquaint sb. with sth.

acquaint sb. of sth.

make a person acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识

Let acquainted with you. acquaintance 熟人

reunite n 使团聚

assume v.假定,认为

Text 课文

a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小

eg. It is a chance in a million to meet you here.在这儿见到你可

真是不容易呀

----He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru.

典型的夸张,目的是加强语气

We are less credulous than we used to be.

这是明显现在与过去的对比

eg. We are less credulous than we used to be. 我们不再像以前

那样轻信于人了。

are 表示现在的情况 / used to be 过去的情况

eg. We are not so honest as we used to be.我们不像过去那么诚

实了. 谓语动词是 be 动词的时候用 used

to be,而不用 used to 谓语动词是使役动词的时候用 used to

eg. He works less hard than he used to.

In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story

to a

conclusion be presenting his

readers with a series of coincidences – most of them wildly

improbable.

19 世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束„..

破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。

Them 指一系列的巧合 而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机

率是极小的

bring sth. to a conclusion 结束

eg. They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion.

bring sth. to a close (比较正式的)

eg. It was ...who brought meeting to a close.

present sb. with sth. 给某人提供„

present sth. to sb.

Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant

was really

the hero‟s mother.

Along-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was

really alive all

the time and wickedly

plotting to bring about the hero‟s downfall.

wickedly plotting to„ ------居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下

台来„„

bring about:产生,引起

eg. Modern science has brought about great changes in life.

And so on. Modern readers would find such naïve solutions

totally

unacceptable.

现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾

find such naive solutions totally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办

法很天真不能够被接受

find sth. interesting 觉得什么有意思

find sb. beautiful 觉得某人漂亮

Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes

conspire to bring

about coincidences which

anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible. *

牢记此句

do—加强语气,really

A German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman , recently found

a brother who

was thought to have

been killed twenty years before.

who was thought…….

who 所引导的定语从句修饰 brother

While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a

workman.

After they had gone

on , Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman‟s

close resemblance to

here husband and

even suggested that he might be his brother.

he was on a walking tour„„„..省略了 he

comment on sth 就...作出评论评价--remark on

Bussman 夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像，甚至

暗示说就是他的兄弟„

eg:I can't explain how it is that he is still here. be separated from

make one's way

Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that

his brother

had been killed in action

during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with

this story,

she thought that

there was a chance in a million that she might be right.

„..她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的„„..

A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if

his name

was Hans Bussman.

Needless to say , the man‟s name was Hans

Bussman and he really

was Franz‟s long-lost

brother. When the brothers were re-united, Hans explained how it

was that

he was still alive.

„„explained how it was„..汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一

回事。

After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had

been sent to

hospital and was

separated from his unit. The hospital had been

bombed and Hans

had made his way back

into Western Germany on foot.

Make one’s way„力尽艰辛„„„.

Meanwhile , his unit was lost and all records of

him had been

destroyed. Hans returned to

his family home, but the house had been bombed

and no one in

the neighbourhood knew

what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that

his family had

been killed during an

air-raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away

where he had

remained ever since.

„„„all records of him had been destroyed„.他所有的资料都

被毁掉了

become of :happen to :发生遭遇不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主

语必须是 what 或

whatever

eg. Whatever became of that girl?

Please explain what became of you yesterday.

用 assuming,而不用 presuming:主观上的臆断无事实根据的

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1、 What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a

novel today?

答案 d—Having for a hero a man once presumed dead.

根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件

2、 When Mrs. Bussman suggested that the workman might be

Franz’s brother

答案 c—Franz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take

her seriously.

3、 What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was

over?

答案 c—He inquired after his family’s where abouts but found

no trace of

them.背熟

(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)

4、 -his readers with a series of coincidences„wildly

improbable.(lines 3-6)

答案 b—which would be most

5、 A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, had not in fact

died and„to

bring about the hero‟s downfall.(lines 8-12)

答案 d—had been wickedly plotting.

6、 He stopped„(line 25)

答案 a—in order to talk to a workman

7、 She sent a boy to ask the workman„(lines 25-26)

答案 b—what he was called

8、 Meanwhile his unit was lost and „had been destroyed. (lines

31-32)

答案 b—every record of his

(他所有的记录都被毁掉了)

9、 -who was thought to have been killed twenty years„(lines

18-19)

答案 d—previously

previously: before 同义 完成时的标志

10、 Mrs Bussman told her husband that he and the workman„

(lines 20-21)

答案 c—looked very alike

look 表示人的外貌长相应该采用复数形式

look alike 看起来像

11、 -there was the „chance she might be right.(lines 24-25)

答案 a—remotest

remote 既表示"遥远偏僻的",也表示"微弱的",特别用来修饰

chance

12、 -how it had „that he was still alive. (lines 28-29) *

答案 d—come about come about: happen

多用于疑问句,尤其是 How does it come about that?结构中

补充： 一、词组

标题：a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小

less credulous not so gullible 不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)

we used to be we were 像我们往常那样

bring……to a conclusion:

bring…… to an end

to a close 把„„告一结束

presenting(sb.) with offering (sb.) with 给（人）以

a series of a train of 一系列

wildly improbable extremely absurd 荒诞不经，十分荒唐

was presumed was supposed 人们以为

all the time all the while 一直

plotting to conspiring to 图谋

bring about (one's ) downfall=bring about(one's) failure

把（人）搞垮，叫别人日子不好过

and so on and so forth,等等，诸如此类的事

conspire to bring about conspire towards

不期而然地发生，导致„„许多事凑在一起，引起了，合力

促成

was thought to have 原来人们认为已经 was believed to have

on a walking tour 徒步旅行 on a walking excursion

stopped to talk to 停下来然后向„„讲话=stopped walking and

talked to

commented on made observations on 置评，评论

close resemblance to great likeness to 酷像

poured scorn on scoffed at 嘲笑

pointing out that indication clearly that 明白指出，说道„„

killed in action fallen in battle 阵亡

was acquainted with 熟知，熟悉 was familiar with

needless to say 不用说 it goes without saying , it is a matter

of course

how it was that 怎么会„„怎么搞的„„=how(跟主语) came

或 how it came that„„

(be) wounded be injured 受伤

was separated from 隔绝，失去联系 was out of touch with,

lost touch (contact)

with made his way back into=went his way back into/to 返回

on foot by walking 步行

family home old home, home town 老家

in the neighbourhood 在街坊邻里 in the residential district

what had become of 变为什么样子，变成什么样的一种

现状（命运，结果）= what had

happened to (或 befallen)

assuming that presuming that 料想

settled down 定居 established one's residence

ever since 打那以后 the whole period from some specified

time.

二、关于 conspire to

(有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了„„)

后接 V

1) Events conspire to bring about great difficulties for

government

2) They conspire to bring about the meeting of the two people.

3) They conspire to make it a success.

4) The bad weather conspired with a dirty hotel to make my

holiday a

resounding failure.

三、表达法对比

a) Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.

how things happened that he was still alive.

the whole story of his being still alive.

b) conspire to bring about 可写成 conspire towards(合力促

成)

conspire against(凑在一起反对)

例：一切事情都和我作对

All things conspire against me.

一切因素都促成那种结果。

All things conspire towards that result.

c) a 例所示 how it was,是说“原委”，“事情之究竟”。所以

我们说“原来是这样”，就可写成

So that's how it is.

Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的

快车

New words and expression 生词和短语

1. Express n.快车；a..高速的

Express way 高速公路 / Express train 快车

Stopping/local train 慢车

Special express 特快 / Through express 直快

2. Punctual a. 准时的( = neither early nor late )

Be punctual in doing sth 在做。。。事方面相当准时

--In the modern society, we must be punctual in what we are

doing .

Be punctual to the minute 非常的准时

--He is a man who is punctual to the minute.

副词：Punctually 反义词：Unpunctual 名词： Punctuality

3. Condition vt.使习惯于(=Form a habit in)

--Society has conditioned each one of us. 这个社会已经使

我们大家都适应了。

Be condition to

--Each one of us has been conditioned to society.

--the plants have been conditioned to the cold weather here..

( plant 做主语)

--The cold weather has conditioned the plants here. (cold weather

做主语)

n. 条件

on condition that 在„„条件下如果

on no condition 在任何情况下都不 (用在句首句子必须采用

倒装)

--On no condition must you be late. 在任何情况下都不能迟

到。

in good/bad condition 情况良好(不好)

change one’s condition 结婚

in the interesting condition 怀孕=pregnant

4. unshakable a. 不可动摇的

5. faith n.信任=strong belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心

keep faith with sb 对某人守信用

put one’s faith in sth 对„„有信心

on the faith of 在„„保证下，凭„„信用

词汇比较：

faith 深信不疑，信仰(比 belief 程度更重一些)

belief 可信赖，可接受 conviction 坚定的信念 trust 相信，依

赖

credit 完全相信

--I have full credit in your ability to do this job.

6. cancel v.取消

--we have to cancel the appointment.

词汇比较：

Call off 取消，解除 (可以替换 cancel) Abolish

废除

--The law was abolished.

Rescind 撤销，废止,比 abolish 正式

Write off 注销，勾销

--Write off the name. 注销这个名字。

Cross out 划掉

--The word here is useless, please cross it out.

7. exceptionally adv. 例外地

8. dislocate v. 打乱(计划等)

9. blame v. 责怪

10. consult v.请教，查阅

11. direct adv.径直地

12. odd a.奇怪的，异常的

13 reflect vt 细想，深思熟虑=consider carefully

Reflect on sth

--He‟s reflecting on his idea.

Reflect upon oneself 反省

--Sometimes we need reflect upon ourselves.

第二种意思： 反射

--She looks at herself reflected in the water.

14. Advantage n.优势,长处

Take advantage of sb 欺骗某人并利用

Take advantage of sth 利用某事

--We must take advantage of what we can use.

Of great/no advantage to sb/sth 对。。。大有益处/毫无益处

--Smoking is of no advantage to you.

To advantage 更有效地

--You should use the money to advantage.

To one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb 对某人有利

Have advantage over sb 胜过某人，比某人有优势

词汇比较：

Interest 个人的利益，好处

--It‟s to your interest to give up smoking

Benefit 通过正当手段谋求的好处

--Doing exercises will benefit us a lot. Profit 金钱上的获利

Good 个人或集体的利益

15. mighty a. 强大的，有力的

16. dawdle v. 慢吞吞地动或做

17. chug v.咔嚓咔嚓的响

18. Lodge v.提出=make a statement officially ，比 make 更

正式

Make/lodge complaint 提出抱怨

19. complaint v.抱怨

20. triumphv.胜利

21. asterisk n.星号

22. conductv.引导，指向

Text 课文

We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.

这是文章中的第一句话，大家一定要牢记它，并掌握这个句

子的主干：

have learnt to expect that „„ 已经习惯于期待„„

--We have learnt to expect that all friends will be helpful in need

of

danger.

After years of conditioning, most of us have

developed an

unshakable faith in railway

time-tables.

(1). 介词 of 后接动名词形式，意为：经过多年的适应.

(2). Develop an unshakable faith in sth. 对于„„形成了一种不

可动摇的信念。

(3)全句译文：经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生

了一种不可动摇的信念。

--We have learnt to expect that parents are quite able, after years

of

pre-conditioning all of us have developed such unshakable faith.

我们已经习惯于期待父母总是能干的，经过多年的适 应，我

们每个人都已经养成了这样一个不可动摇的信念。

--Most of us have developed an unshakable faith in our teachers.

On time = punctual a. 准时的

Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily

dislocate railway

services.

Exceptionally = unusual / uncommonly 不同寻常的，特别的(用

于加强语气)

译文：只有那种特别大的暴风雪才有可能暂时打乱铁路计划。

Dislocate railway services = put railway services out of order

It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something

does go

wrong.

When something does go wrong. 当事情出现差错时

It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities. 我们总是去

责备铁路当局。

Too .. to 结构中，在 too 之前出现了 all, only, but, not 等词

时，to 后的从句就有肯定意义。

--He is but too eager to get home. 他太急于要回家了。

--One is never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。

--I‟m all/but too glad to have someone to speak to.

They are more likely to be ours than theirs.

译文：很可能是我们自己犯下的错误而不是铁路当局的。

Ours = our mistakes. Theirs = their mistakes.

句型：be likely to do 有可能„

--He is likely to arrive tomorrow evening.

--You are likely to get success if you work hard.

与 likely(有可能的) 有关的句型：

1. be likely to do

2. It is likely that……

--It is likely that he arrives here in time. 他及到达这里是有可能

的。

词汇比较：

1. probable 与 likely 意思相通，但是不能与不定式形式搭

配。可以用：It is probable that „

--It is probable that he arrives here in time.

probable 表示的可能性比 possible 表示的可能性要大，与

likely 基本相同。

le 表示可能发生或可能不发生，也可以用句型：It is

possible that „

--It is possible/probable that he will speak to you.

--It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.

After consulting my railway time-table

After consulting 是介词+动名词构成的时间状语，=after I had

consulted my timetable.

Go direct from „ to „ 从哪儿径直到哪儿。

--The train goes direct from shanghai to Beijing.

At this time, this did not strike me as odd.

译文：这个时候，这件事情并没有让我感到惊讶。

Strike sb as 给某人以印象，使某人感到

--The activity struck me as wasting time. 这次活动给我的

印象就是浪费时间。

As 后面可以接分词，名词，形容词。

I reflected that there must be a great many

people besides

myself who wished to take

advantage of this excellent service.

I reflected : 我想

Besides me = in addition to me 除我之外

Hold up = hold back / hinder / prevent 妨碍，阻碍

It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down

the line at

ninety miles an

hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.

Dawn on sb. = become gradually known by sb 渐渐的被某

人所明白

Barely = only

But he had not even heard of it.

Hear of = hear about

Denied the train’s existence 否认存在

There was a note of triumph in my voice when

I told him that

it was there in black and

white.

A note of = a tone : 在我的声音里面存在着一种胜利的

口吻。

In black and white 白纸黑字

A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the

bottom of the

page. It said:‟ This service

has been suspended.‟

Conduct me to = lead me to

Suspend = delay 暂停

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

Comprehension 理解

1„ 正确答案：B

by rail = by train

2„ 正确答案：C

at the speed of 以„的速度

express train 特快列车

3„ 答案正确：A

complain about; complain of 抱怨

注意句子：The train scheduled as an express train having in fact

been a slow

one.

Scheduled as an express train 修辞 the train，做它的后置定

语。

Having in fact been a slow one 与 train 构成独立主格结构。

句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键

Structure 结构

4„ 答案正确：B

expect 的用法：

expect sth/sb to do

5„ 答案正确：C

注意：might 在 railway services 之前，是明显的倒装表示。

需采用倒装形式的几种情况：

A) only 所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装。

B）if 条件句，如果 if 省略，were 要前置。

--Were it to snow = If it were to snow. 这是虚拟语气条件句的

用法。

6„ 正确答案：A

in a mere hour and seventeen minutes 在 1 小时 17 分钟内

7„ 正确答案：D

因为 still, 所以答案为 d.

如果选择 a) before we had ,则应去掉 still to. 即：before we

had covered half the

distance.

8„ 正确答案：C

十分有礼貌的表达方式，且与 asked 形式呼应。

Vocabulary 词汇

9„ 正确答案：D

held up = delay halt 停止 retard 防止

slow up 减慢

10„ 正确答案：D

as soon as I arrived = immediately on arrival

11... 正确答案：B

注意：主句中 I 做主语

a 选项，则 noting 与主句中的主语 I 不相符合。

b 选项，sounding 是现在分词做状语说明修辞 I 的情况

12„ 正确答案：A

take another look 再看一眼

review 复习

overlook 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督

Lesson 38 The first calendar 第一本日历

New words and expression 生词和短语

calendar n.历法，日历

Calender n.轮压机

historian n.历史学家

historic adj.有历史意义的

-- This is a historic speech.

historical adj.与历史研究有关系的

-- Historical research 历史研究

unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二,

=uneauqaled speech is a unique human ability

-- 本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受

quite,nearly,surely,really ，不能接受

rather,very 等词的修饰

special adj. 注重性质 特殊

especial adj.强调超过其它 全部

-- This is a matter of especial importance.

-- This is a especially important matter. particular adj.特定的

--Pineapples have particular flavour. exceptional adj.

extraordinary adj.

-- The warm weather is exceptional for January.

steadily adv.不断地 solely adv.唯一地 video n.录像

CD-ROM n.光盘驱动器

bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱

= confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time

-- She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.

puzzle 某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解，既可用主动语态，

也可用被动语态。

-- I am puzzled by the problem.

perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）,

多用于被动语态。

-- He is perplexed for the answer. bewilderment n.

in bewilderment 茫然不知所措

deduce v 推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）

= determine or decied sth by given fact

-- I deduce the conclusion from the given facts. (deduce„„from

从„„推断)

infer v.推断（不表示过程, 也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）

-- What can you infer from the text?

反义词：

-- induce v.归纳

scanty a.不足的，贫乏的

= too few,not enough

-- scanty knowledge 一知半解

-- a scanty crop 歉收

-- be scanty of sth 奇缺 / be short of 短缺

-- The village school is scanty of text books.这乡村学校奇缺教

材。

be want of 需要

in need of 需要

clue n.线索

insignificant adj.不重要的

shed v.使流出，泻

= pour out

-- shed tears 泪流满面

-- shed light 发光

-- shed light on sb 启发，启迪

-- shed one’s blood for country 为祖国而流血

-- shed one’s clothes 脱去衣服

advent :出现，到来，来临,经常与 the 搭配，只要指节气，

重要发展的到来，来临。

= coming or arrival

-- at the advent of winter 在冬天到来的时候

-- since the advent of 自从„„的到来

agriculture n.农业 assumption n.假定，设想

dot n.小圆点 symbol n.符号 engrave v.雕刻 ivory

n.象牙制品 mammothn.长毛象 tusk

n.獠牙，长牙

nomad n.游牧民 correlate v.使相互联系 phase n.

月相，天相 primitive adj.原始的 depict

v.描绘，描画

Text 课文

They will hardly know which facts to select from

the great mass

of evidence that steadily accumulates.

Select„from 从中进行选择

Choose 挑选（凭个人意愿），它不仅强调做这个决定的行

动，而且强调最后的决定。 有三种情况二者不能互换：

1> 当在两者中选一个时只能用 choose, 即 choose

between

-- We have to choose between leaving early and paying for taxi.

2> choose 可带 wh 从句

-- I`ll let you choose where we should go to eat.

3> choose to do 只能用 choose

其二 select 比 choose 更正式

What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written

word.

what is more 更有甚者，起到承接上下文的作用,是

furthermore,moreover 的意思

what is worse 更糟糕的是

rely on = count on = depend on 依靠、指望

-- you can`t rely on others.

-- He can`t be relied on / depended on / counted on. solely adv.唯

一地

=only , just , nearly

They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.

in action 行动中的，活动中的

as it were 可以说，似乎，好象，是一个插入语，在语法上是

一个独立成分，可以用于任何 时态语句中。

-- He is as it were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一本活字

典。

-- Computers can never as it were lead independent lives. 电脑

不能过独立的生活。

As it is = in fact = in reality = actually = as a matter of fact 事

实上

-- I thought things would get better,but as it is ,they are getting

worse.

-- In many ways children live as it were in a different world from

the

adults.

在许多方面，孩子可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。

But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is

always

faced with a difficult task.

be faced with 面临

= be in the position in which one must deal with a problem or

unpleasant

situation

-- Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now.

-- A great many people are faced with losing their jobs.

-- In my opinion,you are faced with a problem as it were how to

get enough

time to study English.

文中 attempting to reconstruct the distant past 现在分词修饰

the

historian，所以句子可转换为： But the historian who is

attempting to reconstruct the

distant past is always faced with a difficult task.

-- The student attempting to learn Eghlish well in a year is faced

with a

difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty

clues

available.

available adj.可利用的

-- I have a dictionary available for you .

-- is there a place available for us to have a chat?

-- I know you are in need of a help,but excuse me,I don`t have

any students

available for you. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed

interesting light on the history of early man.

remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物

insignificant = unimportant 不重要的

）

shed light on = throw light on = cast light on 解释，说明，揭示

= make a matter clear or understood

-- This information shed light on the problem.

-- Can you shed light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次

火灾吗？

-- She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels.

Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars

came into being

with the advent of

agriculture, for then man was faced with a real

need to

understand something about the

seasons.

up to now = so far 到目前为止

come into being = come into existence 产生，出现

come into 的用法：

-- come into power 上台

-- come into use 开始使用

be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要

-- We are faced with a real need to learn English well.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

Comprehension

1„ 正确答案：B 根据课文内容选择

2„ 正确答案：D 同上

3„ 正确答案：A 同上

Structure

4„ 正确答案：D

用将来时态才与原文相符合

5„ 正确答案：C

原句中缺少主语，由 what 引导一个简单句做主语从句

6„ 正确答案：B

code 指 the markings ；现在分词做状语

7„ 正确答案：C

强调二者之间有联系，故排除 A，而 C 选项表示有可能联

系，语气不肯定，符合题目要求。

Vocabulary

8„ 正确答案：B

puzzle out:to find answer by thinking hard

9„ 正确答案：A

同义词

10„ 正确答案：A

令人费解的：puzzling ;符号 signs 代替了 code,而不是

singal,singal 表示信号。

11„ 正确答案：C

A 选项，come to 必须接动词原形，如 come to record / come

to exist

C 选项 ，come into existence(existence n.)

12„ 正确答案：A

nomands:move from place to place

Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心

New words and expression 生词和短语

Rough a 崎岖不平的=no smooth Be rough on sb 对某人苛

刻、无礼 Don’t be rough on your

friends.

Cut up rough 发脾气

We‟d better not take the rough road.

Perturb v.使不安=very upset

Be perturbed about sth

His threats didn’t perturb her in the least. Disturb 并非用心去

扰乱，语气弱得多

It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the

quite

countryside. Plague 病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼

The terrible disease plagued him. Trouble 搅扰别人的安宁，

舒适等

Sorry to give you trouble./sorry to trouble you. Worry 表达不

安的心情到了忧虑的程度

He is worried about his son‟s safety.

Fret 持续的忧虑、哀伤或焦急，表示烦燥的心情

He freted himself all the time for news of her. Upset 内心忐忑

不安

I feel upset now because I am afraid I hurt you. Dismay 使沮丧

Scoop v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出

She scooped out some suger.

Make a scoop 走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻

That guy made a scoop.

Ominously adv 有预兆地

Ominous adj

Look at those ominous black clouds. Omen n./v 预示着，预兆

This is a good/bad omen

The clouds omen rain.

Rip v.用力地撕开=Tear

Rip the letter open

Rip one‟s mask away.

Let things rip:=let things be

Rip into 攻击

Rip off 偷窃

Rip up the back 背后说坏话

Stretch n.一大片

A stretch of land

A stretch of water

At a stretch 连续地，不停顿地

We worked for hours at a stretch.

We drove fast on a stretch of open field.

He is unable to work for long stretches.他不能连续地工作。

A stretch of hills

也可作动词，

stretch out 伸出；到了极限

He stretched out his hand to get the apple.

There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles. Transport was

rather

stretched in the Spring Festival.

Obstacle n.障碍

Lack of education is an obstacle to success. Constitute an

obstacle to

构成„„障碍 Remove/overcome an obstacle 克服障碍

Put obstacle in sb’s way 妨碍某人的发展

Obstacle to

Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage +

to 一起使用

Obstruction 障碍物，阻塞通道的东西

There must be an obstruction in the pipe.

Hindrance 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展

You are more of hindrance than help.

Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况

grind v.摩擦

Grind wheat into flour

Grind sth to pieces

Grind one‟s teeth in anger

Halt n.（暂时的）停=stop

They halt for a few minutes.

Stop 最普通的用语，可代替 cease(formal),halt

Cease 非常正式的用词，表示中止

The heart will cease to beat when life ceased. Pause 暂停

He paused for a breath.

Halt 又表示名词 Come to a halt/stop

get sb to do sth :persuade/advise sb to do

Please get them to finish the work as quickly as possible. Please

get hi to

give up smoking.

be littered with 布满

be pitted with holes 坑坑洼洼

even though :even if

not in the least: not at all /not a bit / not the least bit 一点也不

反：not a

little = very much

by no means /in no way /on no account /at no times /under no

circumstances

绝不

a mere:: only

It was not (to say)……..

dusty track = dusty road 尘土飞扬的路面

look back 回头看

we looking back, wondering (从句做伴随状况语) if we were

leaving a trail of oil an

d petrol behind us.

give way to 为„„所代替

The great clouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky. He

has no

intention of giving way to your demands.

In response to: in reaction to

Hardly…..when…..

He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.

Before he had

hardly had time to settle down, he sold the house.

We had hardly had time to worry about what might happen when

we were back

on the plane again.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

Comprehension

No.1 C

It seemed less likely that…… Meet with disaster

No.2 A

In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped.

No.3 A He was not the sort of person to be perturbed by

anything.

Structure

Vocabulary

Believe sb./sth./that/in

No.5 A

What 感叹句的主题词是名词 How 感叹句的主题词是形

容词 No.6 D

No.7 B Run out of

旧版笔记

bumpy /washboard +road

I’m a rough diamond. 内秀

问路

Where is the hospital? Can you direct me to ..? How do I get to ..

What is

the closest way to..? Bear left, when you came across the fork.

run across

I run across an old friend in the street. 碰巧遇到

get sb to do = persuade sb to do sth get sth done (get foot spiked)

get sth dong = begin to do sth

I need you professional advice. Any suggestions?

We are hungry fo ideas. Why not try this way? No point in trying.

No.8 C No.9 A

Hinder = obstacle

No.10 C No.11 B No12 C

even though he is wealthy +he is not satisfied.

wealthy as he is

No matter how wealthy he is how ever

regard less of how wealthy he is

Be he ever wealthy Let him be wealthy For all he

with all his wealthy

in spite of the fact that despite the fact that

He was not in the least worry.

I was +not in the least /by no means /not bit /not the

fewest(informal)

+surprised at the news.

a mere = only a mere + exact number

He often described me how he picked up the painting for a mere

5 dollars.

It is not that …..but (that)……

It is not that I am not satisfied but that I have my own business to

attend

to. No that I dislike the work, but I have no time to do it.

I have nobody to complain of except myself.

I have yet to receive your reply.我还没有收到你的回音。

He is as good a swimmer as any of us.

The new container holds 10 times as much as the old one. cry

over a novel

看小说落泪

give over his misfortune rejoice over 高兴

Talk over a cup of coffee.

It‟s no use crying over split milk.

Those days are long gone.

He‟s strolling down the memory lane. It‟s just like yesterday.

I wish I could turn back the old days.

Old solders never die., they just fade away. Stream trains give

way to

electric trains.

Ice and snow give way to warm weather. When the wind

changes.

The hand that rocks cradle,= mother

The news is welcome by students immediately.

The solution finds a immediate welcome away students.

impediment 发展过程中的障碍

barrier 不可逾越的障碍 obstacle

第 219 页 整理发布：kaiziliu

荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

Lesson 40 Who's who 真假难辨

New words and expression 生词和短语

hoax n.骗局，戏弄

play a hoax/trick on sb. 戏弄

play a joke on sb. 开玩笑

The boy student is thinking how to play a hoax on his classmate.

deception n.欺骗，指无关紧要的欺骗，有时也指利已的不诚

实行为

She referred to the pills as sweet, so the

harmless deception

made it easy for her child to take them.

deceit 强调一个人对另一个的故意欺骗

We are incapable of deceit.

fraud 复杂的对于公众的欺骗行为，着重指官方的欺骗或财

政舞弊 trickery 语气上比 deception

严厉，着重指有步骤的诡计以追求私利 He had gained control

of the company by trickery.

self-respecting a.自重的

indulge v.使沉迷

He indulged himself in smoking and drinking. indulge oneself in

be indulged in

He was indulged in smoking and drinking. indulge 的第二个语

义是“纵容”

She indulges her only son. pneumatic a.气动的

drill n.钻

silly a.无意义的，无聊的

foolish 强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的

I remonstrated him not to do anything foolish. Silly 表示无意

义的，无聊的，无知的

Being called silly is not compliment. Don't play such a silly play.

stupid 强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，及一般的智能（主

要指天生迟钝）

His son is as stupid as all.

dull 指理解迟钝，或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏

敏锐的头脑

The old man's hearing has become dull. She is a dull girl.表示人

很呆

预先的，事先获得的

advance information 预先获得的信息/ in advance 提前

archway n.拱形门楼

remonstrate v.规劝，告戒（非常正式的用词）

remonstrate sb. to do sth. ironically adv.讽刺地

permission n.许可

ask sb. for permission give/grant sb. permission

grant v.同意，准予

Text 课文

Key structures

It has never been explained why he seems to enjoy doing it.

specialize in

He specialized in biology after graduation. except the victims/

but the

victims

tear up=destroy

take sb. seriously 严肃对待

be to do 结构

1. should

2. must

3. intend

Such a private thing should be avoided. Such a private thing is to

be

avoided.

No students must leave school without the permission of the

police.没有警察的允许，谁都不准

离开。

No students are to leave school without the permission of the

police. We

intend to start a work next week.

We are to start a work next week. be grateful to sb. for sth.

that went on=that happened as he pleased 随他的意愿做

four more=another four fiercely=strongly

at this 听到

At the words, he got angry.听到这话，他生气了。

With the words, he left the room angrily.说完这话，他生气地离

开了房间。

pointed out ironically 讥讽地指出

hardly be necessary 大可不必

under 与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念

under discussion/arrest/repair

make a telephone call 打一个电话

only 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，以及条件状语从句在

句首时，句子要倒装。

Lesson 41 Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的

遐想

New words and expression 生词和短语

illusion：n. 幻想，错觉

under illusion that/under the impression that

eg: I am under the impression that you are honest.

He still lives under the illusion that country life is superior to

town

life. He lives under that illusion that country life is superior to

town

life.

with live under the illusion

eg: I am under the illusion that he will help me every day.

under no illusion that: 没有„幻想

eg: We live under no illusion that country is beautiful.

have illusion about/have no illusion about: 对„不报有幻想

delusion: 幻想，幻觉。侧重于强调精神病人无中生有的幻觉

eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him

tomorrow. He lives

under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.

vision: 对美好未来的想象，憧憬

eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future

从词根扩展词型：

illusioned: adj. 充满幻想的

eg: The world of children is illusioned.

illusionary: adj.错觉的，幻觉的

eg: Don‟t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture.

illusive: adj. 虚假的，不可靠的

eg: what he described was illusive.

What he described was illusive. Don‟t depend on him any more.

imagine / imaginary / imaging

eg: I can not imagine building the Great Wall.

imaginary: 虚构的

eg: The story is imaginary. Do not be taken in.

imaginative: 富有想象力的

eg: Children are more imaginative than adults.

unimaginative: 缺乏想象力的

imaginable: 能够被想象的出的，用在修饰的名词后面

eg: This is the idea / way imaginable.

pastoral：adj. 田园诗的

eg: pastoral piece：田园般的宁静

breed (bred, bred)：vt. 培育

breed / raise / bring up / rear

breed: 1.书面用语，表示 raise,表示饲养宠物. breed 较 raise

更为正式

eg: raise / breed pets raise / breed dogs Do you raise dogs?

No, I do not think I have enough time to keep an eye on dogs.

2. 表示 bring up,把 sb. 培养成人 educate

eg: As mother, you must breed good manners into your child.

作为一个目前，你必须培养孩子

良好的举止和习惯。

rear: vt. 培养 sb. 饲养 pets

eg: I must rear the child because I have the duty. He rears / raise

/breeds

two dogs.

在口语中，推荐使用 raise/rear, 在书面语言中，使用 breed。

3． breed = cause/lead to/result in/give rise to

eg: War breeds misery and ruin.

Your careless bred the accident.

breed in and in / breed out and out 近亲结婚，同种繁殖/非近

亲结婚，异种繁殖

rapture：n. 欣喜若狂 / great joy / delight in raptures

eg: At the news, they are in raptures.

At the news, they are greatly delighted.

in raptures over / about sth. 对„欣喜若狂

eg: I am in raptures about the new book.

go into raptures: feel delighted 感到非常高兴

eg: He went into raptures when he heard the good news.

go into raptures over/about/at sth. 对„感到非常高兴

joy / happiness

eg: We have a good time and we are full of happiness.

rapture>delight>joy 在口语中，建议使用 delight delight: n. v.

使高兴，使喜悦

delighted: adj.

eg: I feel delighted./ I am in raptures.

ecstasy: 狂喜，出神

enchant: v/enchantment: n. 出身，魅力

eg: He was enchanted in thoughts.

elation: 兴高采烈，得意洋洋

eg: He has got the feeling of elation.

bliss: 极乐,无上的幸福。

eg: Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss.

Recently, a sound

sleep is my bliss.

glee: 高兴，欢欣，常用于文学，诗歌中

必须掌握的词汇：

rapture /in raptures /go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight /

enchantment / elation / bliss

/ glee

extol：vt. 赞美，颂扬,书面= praise

eg: I can not find a good word to praise you/your ability.

I want to extol(高歌) the virtues pf human beings

compliment: 恭维

eg: Do you always compliment your friends?

applepolisher: 拍马屁的人

exalt: 赞扬，歌颂，吹捧

eg: You disgust me. Why do you extol such a stupid person?

laud: 赞美，书面语

eg: I want to do nothing but laud you. What do you want to laud

me?

I want to laud you beauty, ability, and your wealth.

extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud

1. superior：adj. 优越的，没有比较级和最高级，只能是原形

= better than the average

be superior to: 比 sb. / sth.更加优越

eg: In my opinion, town life is superior to country life.

interior: 比„低，不如„

eg: Town life is interior to country life.

2. senior: 高级的，年长的

eg: senior high school: 高中

junior: 年幼的,下级的，下属的

3． posterior: 后于„ prior: 先于„ inferior: 不如„

eg: This job is prior to that one.

of no confidence / importance / significance: 无足轻重

eg: This work is of no significance. It should be inferior to that

one.

cockcrow：n. 鸡叫

twitter：v. （鸟）吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳叫

glint：v. 闪烁

flash: 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，如：手电筒的光，镜子的光线

eg: Lighthouse is flashing in the distance.

glim: 透过某种媒介而闪现的微弱的光线，如，透过大雾

eg: Though the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.

glint: 闪烁，由于迅速闪烁的微弱的光 = shine for a

moment

eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.阳光透过叶缝闪着微弱

的光芒

glisten: 潮湿的物体上反射的光泽和光辉

eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.

flicker: 表示蜡烛。油灯在即将熄灭的时候的摇曳不定的光

eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only candle which was

flickering.

pasture：n. 牧场

idyllic：adj. 田园诗的

eg: He is leading an idyllic life

virtually：adv. 几乎，差不多

dubious：adj. 可疑的，怀疑的 = doubtful / uncertain /

questionable / suspicious /

sceptical

be dubious about / of 对„不肯定,表示怀疑的 doubtful /

uncertain suspect:

表示一种肯定的怀疑，猜疑的

eg: I doubt whether he stole the car.

Cats are suspicious of human beings.

I am doubtful of your ability.

I am dubious about your ability.

questionable: 提出质疑的，不肯定的，值得争议的 eg: This is

a questionable conclusion /

decision. sceptical: 怀疑论的

eg: Your idea is sceptical. privilege：n. 特权 misery：n. 苦难

acquaintance：n.

熟人

treat：n. 难得的乐事，享受

be one’s treat: 请客吃饭

eg: Let‟s go to have dinner. It‟s my treat.

treat sb. to dinner

eg: It is pleasure to treat you to dinner.

stand treat

eg: I stand treat. 做东

treat sb. as…

eg: I treat him as my best friend.

treat with sb. = talk with sb.

eg: I can not bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.

treat of sth. sb. = speak of, talk of

eg: we speak /treat of tramps contemptuously. Having a dinner

with you is

my treat.

dweller：n. 居住者

stagger：v. 摇晃，蹒跚 exotic：adj. 导乎寻常的，外来的

glow：n. 白炽光

descend：v. 下落，降临（书面用语）

eg: Darkness descends very soon because winter is coming.

从„上传下来 descend from„

eg: The watch descend from his grandfather. 突然的到访，突然

的袭击 descend on/upon eg:

He looked me up suddenly.

He called on me suddenly. He visited me suddenly.

Yesterday, my best friend descended on me.

传给谁„ descend to„ descend from sb. to sb.

eg: The watch is descend from grandfather to grandson.

ascend: 上升

eg: The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.

tuck: v. 缩进，隐藏

obstinately：adv. 固执地，顽固地,不容易被改变

obstinate: adj. = stubborn 倔强

eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.

He is a stubborn person, he insists on finishing what he wants to

do. Don‟t

try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person.

persistent: 固执己见

eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you

are a

persistent person.

strong-minded: 顽强的，意志力顽强的

eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything

well.

as stubborn as a mule: 倔强如牛

Text 课文:

Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想

The quiet life of the country（the quiet country life） has never

appealed

to me. （背诵）在论述

好处坏处的时候，应该在第一句话时救应该表达个人的意见。

组织一篇议论文时，主要有三

段：开头段、支持段和结尾段。在开头段中的第一句话或是

最后一句话讲明观点。 City born

and city bred. （独立主格结构，as I was born and bred in a

city）

I have always regarded the country as (think of … as… /

refer to … as)

something you look at

through a train window, or something you occasional visit during

the

weekend. (扩展句进行说明你的观点)。Most of my friends live

in the city, yet（however）they always go into

raptures at the

mere mention (at the mere mention of / at the sight of/ at the

news of /

at the touch of / at the mention of ) of the country.

（具体的事例进行说明观点，例子在文章中是必不可少的）

Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life (从本课开始，

注意文章的安排，结构的布局

和关键词的重复，引导让步状语从句，应注意其主句), only one

of hem has ever gone to live in

the country and he was back in town within six months.

（discussion: why

writer talk about this sentence: hypocritical 虚伪 ie: The

country life

never appeals to me, and never appeals to others.

从反面进行论述）

Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow

superior to town life.（背诵，the

writer emphasizes that his friend is hypocritical）(the life of

country /

the country / country life 重 复使用关键词能够引导读者跟着

你的思路走)

He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean

atmosphere, the

closeness to nature and

the gentle pace of living. （Discussion: why writer talks about

the virtue

of country life? 作者的 意图是讨论城市生活优于乡村生活，

为什么要提及乡村生活的美德呢？Every picture has two

sides, 应论述其好处，再进行逐一否决）

Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow,

the

twittering of birds at dawn,

the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. （the

writer

illustrates the country life advantageous further）

This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.（背诵，从

下文开始使用对比法进行论述）

My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter

evenings in

front of the TV -- virtually

the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor

selection of

goods in the shops, or

（表并列）about those unfortunate people who have to travel

from the country to

the city every day to get to work.

Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour

journey each day

for the dubious privilege of

living in the country is beyond me.（本文重点句：背诵 why

所引导的从句

1. stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate

2. dubious: doubtful / uncertain）

They could be saved so much misery and expense

if they chose to

live in the city where they rightly belong. (Conclusion:

the writer

illustrates the topic: the country life is never appeals to him. The

writer

talks about both advantages and disadvantages of country life in

order to

comparison,

but he did not draw the conclusion about the comparison.)

If you can do without (manage/do without 没有„也

能忍受 eg: I can do

without car. ) the few

pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can

provide you

with the best that life can

offer. （背诵）There are advantages of living in the country, but

there are few

living in the country than living in the big city.

You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They

invariably(always)

live nearby and are

always available (able to be used anytime, 主要是用做表语，

也可以用于定语，用做定语放在 被修饰词的后面

eg: I am available to have a chat with you. The

books in our

classroom are available for you. I have a dictionary

available for

you.) for an informal chat or an evening's

entertainment.

Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once

or twice a

year to visit the theatre

as a special treat. For them this is a major (demanding：要求高

的，需要时间的)

operation which involves considerable planning.

As the play draws to its close （near its end）, they wonder

whether they

will ever catch that last

train home. The cit dweller never experiences

anxieties of this

sort. （背诵 eg: We can keep ourselves free from the

anxieties of this

sort which afflict the country dweller. Eating food with

different taste is also a pleasure. ）

The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride

away.

Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films,

or

plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a

pleasure.

There is so much variety that you never have to make do

with second

best. Country people run

wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded

with (方式状语)

as many of the

exotic items as they can carry. （背诵）

Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.（双重否定表肯定）

There is something comforting about the warm glow shed （流

泻）by

advertisements on cold wet

winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the

peace that

descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the

thousands that

travel to work every day are tucked away in

their homes in the

country.

It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who

appreciate all

these things, obstinately

pretend that they would prefer to live in the country. 结论句与

第一段第一句进行呼应。

Vocabulary:

extol the virtues

荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

extol = praise highly

praise 比 extol 的语义要弱的多

virtue:美德 = advantage

illusion 幻觉，错觉 = false idea superior to 比„强 better

than maintain = hold

glinting: 闪烁 glistening

tolerate: 忍受 = endure, bear, stand, put up with suffer

without

complaining

beyond me: cannot be understood by me beyond my

understanding

多项选择

1． D （该选项背熟）

think sb. hypocritical: 认为某人很虚伪

maintain a preference for sth: 坚持一种想法

2． B（题目背熟）

in terms of/regarding

have advantage over sb/sth: 比„更具有优势

within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易达到

3． A

allude to: mean

前 3 道题的题干和答案需要掌握

4． C

5． A

tire of：厌倦

eg: I am tired of doing so.

never: 表一般状态，用一般现在时

6． C

on only short bus right away 只有几站路的路程

7． 重点 B

many of the„ 许多物品中的许多

You can take as many as you like.

You can take as many books as you can.

8． B

第 230 页 整理发布：kaiziliu

荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

It has been a mystery to me. be mystified by: 被„所困扰 be

freighted by:

被„所吓着

9． A

altogether: 总共，完全 virtually:几乎 certainly:肯定的，当然

的

in particular: particularly 特别，尤其是

pretty well:相当不错，相当好（AE），= almost (BE)

10．B

do without, go without, manage without

11．B

near its end 接近尾声 = draw to its close reach its climax: 达

到高潮

12．A

imposition : n.强人所难

impose: v.

Do not impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法强加给我

imprint: 印记，印痕

give sb a (deep) impression: 给某人印象

have impact

eg: what he said give me a deep impression

what he said has a deeply impact.

注意动词搭配

Lesson 43 Fully Insured 全保险

New words and expression 生词和短语

Insure v.投保

=make a contract that promises to pay a sum of money in case of

accident,damage,loss,etc.

Insure sb/sth against 给某人或某物保险，以防万一

—Employer must insuer their employees against accident.

Insurance n.保险

Insurance company 保险公司 同意词：

assure v.向„„保证，使确信，它的宾语一定是人

--I assure you that I’ll bring your happiness. ensure:保证，确保，

宾语可以是物

--Hard work can ensure our success. guarantee:担保

--I can guarantee the watch for ten months.

recover ① vi.使得到补偿，弥补=make up for ,compensate

for

② vt,康复 recover from

--Nothing can recover our health. 同义词： regain:经过努力而

获得什么

--regain one's courage 重新获得勇气

recover our courage 恢复勇气

--He regained/recovered his enthusiasm. restore 恢复(健康,原

状)vt

--He has been restored.

--He has recoverd.不及物

heal vt.治愈（创伤，伤口）

--His wound has healed.

admittedly adv.公认地=we are admitting that inevitably 不可

避免地

--Admittedly he is a great person.

purchase vt.买（比 buy 要正式，主要用于书面语，还可以是

名词）

--Can you purchase freedom with money?

--Yesterday I bought a tie,that look terrible. purchase money 买

进价格

purchasing power 购买力

not worth a day’s purchase.危在旦夕

--His life is not worth a day’s purchase. annual a.一年一度的

teenager n.(13 至 19 岁）的青少年

capsize vi.(船)翻

--The ship capsized because of the rough wave.

shiver v.打颤，发抖=tremble

整体的颤抖用 shiver,部分的用 tremble

--His hands are trembling.

--His trembling voive betrayed his secret.

--He is shivering with cold.

shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换 shiver

Haul v.拖曳=pull with effort our force 强调用力拉

--They pauled the boat up the beach.

同义词：

pull 应用范围最广,连续不断的拉

drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力

--The stone was so heavy that I had to drag it into the room.

--After a day’s hard work,I dragged myself home. drag oneself to

拖着疲惫的身躯去

tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快

--Look,a thief tug the bicycle.

tow 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体

--They towed the huge stone with a truck/lorry.

agonizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的

agonize v.使精神紧张，使极度痛苦

---This frustration agonized him. agonized 感到提心吊胆的

agony n.=great pain 极度痛苦，常用介词 in

在英文中需注意意境，如

---At the news he is an agony of joy.听到这个消息，他感到极度

的高兴。

perch vi.位于（高处）be on the hige position perch on 栖息

---A brid perched on the branch of the tree of the moment.

---The little village perches among the hills. knock sb off his

perch

打败，击败

---I knocked him off his perch yesterday.

knock sb off his perch 打败，击败

---I knocked him off his perch yesterday. come off one’s perch

不再骄傲自大

---Put your pride in your pocket.不要妄自尊大

---After his failure,he came off his perch.

同义词：

stand v.高高地矗立

Look,a great tree stands on the mountain.

locate ,situate 是正式用语，vt. be located/situated＋介词＝lie

☆precariously adv.危险地，不稳固地

precarious adj. =unsafe,not firm,not steady :强调不安全，不稳

定，不稳固

---An actor's life would be too precarious for me.演员的生活很

不稳定。 同义词：

dangerous:强调很危险

---Playing with matches is dangerous.

hazardous 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义

---Climbing the high mountain is hazardous. adventruous:爱冒险

的，胆子很大的

---Are you adventurous?

perilous :语义程度比 dangerous 要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤

害或被杀害的危险

---It is perilous to do so.这样做会丢命的！

overbalance v.失去平衡

clamp n.夹钳，夹板

vertically adv.垂直地－－ vertical adj.

反义词：horizontally 平行地－－horizontal adj.平等的

－－－I draw a line horizontally,and I draw another line

vertically.

torrent n.激流，洪流

rebound v 弹回

－－－The ball is rebounded.

Notes on the Text 课文

Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most

countries in the world.

---This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.

insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。

If, however,you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it

would be

equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.

eqully=alike,in the same way

in the event of=in case of

---In the event of being sick,you'd better not go to the

party.为防生病，你最好不要去参加那个 party 了。

in the event that

---You must work harder and harder in the event that you get the

frustration.

---In the event that you will get the frustration you must work

harder and

harder.

Needless to say,the bigger the risk an insurance company

takes,the higher

the premium you will have to pay.

needless to say,插入语

the more……the more……

---The older you get,the more belongings you will accumulate.年

龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。

take the risk 冒险，承担

It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a

claim for the

cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

it is not uncommon to hear=it is quite common,双重否定用于强

调语气

1、not＋否定 adj is not unreasonable

2、not＋without I can't live without you.

3、no＋not/no ＋no 两个 no 都是用来修饰限定名词

---There is no cat that doesn't like fish.

---There is nothing he can't do.

---He does't have any meals without meat.

---There is no rule that has no exception/that doesn't have

exception. make

a claim 提出索赔要求

But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of

salvaging a

sunker jpie dish must surely be unique.

unique＝very much particular 独一无二

recover＝make up for 弥补

Slef-discipline required a sedulous work.需要作出艰苦努力的

自我约束。 句中 to 做 claim

的定语，不能 in order to 用替换。

But the .claim was made by a local authority in order to

recover the cost of ……

---From finding a right place to put the lastest edition.

---From finding the right place for us to put the latest edition.

这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。

---This is a good plan for you in order to learn English well.(×）

---This is a good plan for you to learn English well.

The pie committee dicided that the best way to transport the dish

would be

by canal

the best way to do sth.做某事的最好办法

Dancing proved to be more than the dish coule bear,for during

the party it

capsized and sank in seven feet of water.

动名词＋prove（to be) more than„„

The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived

in a recovery

to salvage the pie dish.

此处 to 可用 in order to 替换

They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it out of the

water

proved to be a serious problem.

difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情

have little difficulty in h 毫不费力

have much difficulty 很费力

haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉

The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost

impossible to

attcach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.

it was almost impossible……

attach to

attach＝tie 栓，系

rim=the sides of the dish

Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a

powerful winch

was put into operation.

eventually=at last 语气比 at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过

努力而终于如何

终于：强调失败的结果用 in the end

表示成功用 at last ，eventually finally 只表示顺序的最后

put into operation=use

For one agonizing monent,the dish was perched precariously on

the bank of

the canal,but it suddenly overvalanced and slid back into the

water.

precariously=unsteady,unfirmly

slide back into 回复老样子

The men were now obliged to try once more.

be obliged to do=be forced to do

The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was

resting

against the side of the canal.

lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作

rest against 依靠，紧靠

There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other

side of the

bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.

that the wave „„为同位语从句修饰 danger

rebound off 弹回

send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语）

---What send you doing so?什么使得你怎么做呢？

---If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the

bank,the pie

dishi would have been sent to

water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的话，这个盘子就会重新落

入水中。

---If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the

bank,it would

have sent dish plunging into the water again.

By workong at tremendous speed ,the men managed to get the

dish on to dry

land before the wave returned.

manage to do =be able to to,succeed in doing

--The ship capsized because of the rough wave. Shiver v.打颤，发

抖=tremble

整体的颤抖用 shiver,部分的用 tremble

--His hands are trembling.

--his trembling voive betrayed his secret.

--He is shivering with cold.

shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换 shiver

Haul v.拖曳=pull with effort our force 强调用力拉

--The pauled the boat pu the beach. pull 应用范围最广,连续不

断的拉 Drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力

The stone was so heavy that I had to drag it into the room. After a

day‟s

hard work,I dragged myself home.

drag oneself to 拖着疲惫的身躯去

tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快

--Look,a thief tug the bicycle.

tow 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体

They towed the huge stone with a truck/lorry.

agonizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的 agonize v.使精神紧张，

使极度痛苦 This frustration agonized

him.

agonized 感到提心吊胆的

agony n.=great pain 极度痛苦，常用介词 in

在英文中需注意意境，如

At the news he is an agony of joy.听到这个消息，他感到极度的

高兴。

perch vi.位于（高处）be on the hige position perch on 栖息

A brid perched on the branch of the tree of the moment. The little

village

perches among the hills.

stand v.高高地矗立

Look,a great tree stands on the mountain.

Locate ,situate 是正式用语，vt be located/situated＋介词＝lie

Knock sb off his perch 打败，击败

--I knocked him off his perch yesterday. Come off one’s perch

不再骄傲自大

Put your pride in your pocket.不要妄自尊大

After his failure,he came off his perch.

☆precariously adv.危险地，不稳固地

precarious =unsafe,not firm,not steady :强调不安全，不稳定，

不稳固

An actor’s life would be too precarious for me.演员的生活很不

稳定。

dangerous:强调很危险

Playing with matches is dangerous.

hazardous 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义

Climbing the high mountain is hazardous.

adventruous:爱冒险的，胆子很大的

Are you adventurous?

perilous :语义程度比 dangerous 要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤

害或被杀害的危险

It is perilous to do so.这样做会丢命的！

overbalance v.失去平衡 clamp n.夹钳，夹板 Vertically adv.垂

直地

adj vertical

反义词：horizontally 平行地－－horizontal

I draw a line horizontally,and I draw another line vertically.

Vertical

Horizontally adv.平行地

Horizontal a.平等的

torrent n.激流，洪流

rebound v 弹回

The ball is rebounded.

Text 课文

Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most

countries in the world.

This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.

insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。

If, however,you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it

would be

equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.

eqully=alike,in the same way

in the event of=in case of

In the event of being sick,you'd better not go to the party.为防生

病，你最好不要去参加那个

party 了。

in the event that

You must work harder and harder in the event that you get the

frustration.

In the event that you will get the frustration you must work

harder and

harder.

Needless to say,the bigger the risk an insurance company

takes,the higher

the premium you will have to pay. needless to say,插入语

the more……the more……

The older you get,the more belongings you will

accumulate.年龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。

take the risk 冒险，承担

It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a

claim for the

cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

it is not uncommon to hear=it is quite common,双重否定用于强

调语气

1、not＋否定 adj is not unreasonable

2、not＋without I can't live without you.

3、no＋not/no ＋no 两个 no 都是用来修饰限定名词

There is no cat that doesn't like fish.

There is nothing he can't do.

He does't have any meals without meat.

There is no rule that has no exception/that doesn't have exception.

make a

claim 提出索赔要求

But the claim made bu a local authority to recover the cost of

salvaging a

sunker jpie dish must surely be unique.

unique＝very much particular 独一无二

recover＝make up for 弥补

Slef-discipline required a sedulous work.需要作出艰苦努力的

自我约束。 句中 to 做 claim

的定语，不能 in order to 用替换。

From finding a right place to put the lastest edition.

From finding the right place for us to put the latest edition.

这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。

This is a good plan for you in order to learn English well.(×）

This is a good plan for you to learn English well.

The pie committee dicided that the best way to transport the dish

would be

by canal

the best way to do sth.做某事的最好办法

Dancing proved to be more than the dish coule bear,for during

the party it

capsized and sank in seven feet of water.

动名词＋prove（to be) more than„„

The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived

in a recovery

to salvage the pie dish.

此处 to 可用 in order to 替换

They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it out of the

water

proved to be a serious problem.

difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情

have much difficulty 很费力

haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉

The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost

impossible to

attcach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.

it was almost impossible……

attach to

attach＝tie 栓，系

rim=the sides of the dish

Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a

powerful winch

was

put into operation.

eventually=at last 语气比 at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过

努力而终于如何 终于：强调失败的结果用 in the end

表示成功用 at last ，eventually finally 只表示顺序的最后

put into operation=use

For one agonizing monent,the dish was perched precariously on

the bank of

the canal,but it suddenly overvalanced and slid back into the

water.

precariously=unsteady,unfirmly

slide back into 回复老样子

The men were now obliged to try once more. be obliged to do=be

forced to do

The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was

resting

against the side of the canal.

lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作

rest against 依靠，紧靠

There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other

side of the

bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.

that the wave „„为同位语从句修饰 danger

rebound off 弹回

send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语）

What send you doing so?什么使得你怎么做呢？

If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank,the

pie dishi

would have been sent to water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的

话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。

If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank,it

would have

sent dish plunging into the water again.

By workong at tremendous speed ,the men managed to get the

dish on to dry

land before the wave returned.

manage to do =be able to to,succeed in doing

Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适

New words and expression 生词和短语 s 生词短语

positively adv. 绝对地，完全地

in positive way.

the food is positively uneatable

can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course,

certainly, no

problem.

compartment n. 分隔间或单间

cramped adj.窄小的

stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的

同义词:

airless

monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的

I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.

I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.

同义词：

tendious 乏味的，重点突出 long and uninteresting. dull =

interesting

I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl. Look at that

dull

person.

tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦

He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten

years.

Long lasting meeting are tiring.

You are a little bit tiresome.

I am tired of doing so. --> be tired of

I am bored with doing so. --> be bored with

rhythm n. 有节奏的运动

click v. 发出咔哒声

lull v. 催人欲睡

The mother lulled her baby to sleep.

--> lull sb to sleep.

What a good day, the wind lulled! 风和日利

lullaby 催眠曲

snatch n. 短时，片段

in snatches 断断续续地

It rains in snatches.

On the train, we sleep in snatches.

sleeper n. 卧铺

fumble v.乱摸，摸索

He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。

He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。

inspection n.检查

inevitably adv. 必然地

Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no

matter how wise

and eminent you

are.

destination n.目的地

exhaust v.使精疲力尽

I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了

What exhaustes you? 什么使你筋疲力尽呀？

I am tired out.

同义词

wear out 使疲劳，使磨损

Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了

After a day's work hard, I am worn out.

knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲劳

That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.

The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲

力尽。

fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）

The piece of work fatigues me.

motorway n.快车道

ferry n. 渡船 cruise n.巡游船 civilize v.使文明

spacioius adj. 宽敞的

Is your classroom spacious?

Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.

I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting

here.

同义词：rommy a roomy house

capacious 容量大的 capacity 容量

commodious 宽敞的，便利的 roomy and conventient

The cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and

convenient.

expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的

I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的

海洋

vast 幅员辽阔的

The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem

extensive 广泛的，广阔的 extensive reading 泛读

intensive reading 精读

You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.

widespread 流传广的，分布广的

The kind of news is widespread.

far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的

I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.

seasick adj.晕船的 airsick 晕飞机的/ carsick 晕车的

bussick 晕公交车的

bicyclesick 晕自行车的

homesick 想家的。

intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓

Nothing can intimidate me.

disadvantage n.短处，缺点

exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的

I'm exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。

同义词：

stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb to do sth.

Your courage stimulated me to do so.

inspire 激励（通过言辞） inspire sb to do

stir 鼓舞，鼓动 Who stired you to do it like this? You

should look before you

leap. spur 刺激 His rude remarks spured me.

encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am

unwilling to do

so. escapist n.逍遥者

sip v.呷， drink a little at a time. ---> take a sip of 喝一点

I'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?

I'm so

hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.

You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to

me.

champagne n.香槟酒

refinement n.精心的安排 refine 使人精力充沛 Coffee

always refined us.

Coffee always made us fresh.

breathtaking adj. 激动人心的

The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。

The girl takes my breath.

The beautiful dress takes my breath. decide to go for a trip 决

定旅行

We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.

soar v.高飞

We can't soar in the blue sky.

effortlessly adv. 不费力地

landscape n.景色 = extraordinary sight

同义词：

scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 view 透过窗户看到的

景色

Our classroom doesn't have a good view.

The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.

fresh adj. 精神饱满的

a fresh man

Look at that guy, he is really fresh.

uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来

He went home fresh and uncrumpled.

Notes on the Text 课文注释 现在分词短语修饰 people

People who travel long distance frequently. frequently 定期地，

经常地 quite

often

have to decide = have to make up their mind.

would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配

had better do 最好做... would perfer to do. would rather do.

hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于 nobody;

或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.

---------------------------------------------------- exhausted 在这里

是形容词做状语

wear out; tire out' fatigue; knock out

The writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.

Travelling by

car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train. fairly 的语气

最弱的

more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very

often ,usually, frequently

by comparison 通过对比

off = provide

comforts 在这儿指代 service be likely to do 有可能...

it is probable that

could not be + 形容词比较级

can not be + 形容词比较级

no ... could be

Nobody can be more beautiful than you.

No place can/could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。

relatively 相对来讲

A large number of people are prepared to sacifice

their higher

pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.

Relatively, few people are prepared to sacifice their holiday fime

for the

dubious pleasure of travelling by sea.

dubious = uncertian = doubtful

Aeroplanes are famous/well-known for its being dangerous.

have the disadvantage of have the reputation of

match sb for

but nothing can be equal to them.

在第二部分当中是采用对比法

It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.

You don't have to/needn't devise ways of taking your mind off the

journey.

hardly

You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your

destination.

on some services 在这里指代 on airplane.

keep one's mind off 转移注意力

keep sb occupied 集中注意力

however = no matter how

If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you

will

find aeroplanes provide

us with the best.

Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying

abroad.

at first, you must illustrate your topic, the disadvantage of

studying at

home. the disvantage of studying abroad 最后通过实例详细论

述出国留学的好处。

支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。 每段的

开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。 最主要的

方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法

结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。

段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。

想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。

主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。 主题句应该具

有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。 主题句确立之后，还要

进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。

重复使用关键词。

内容要连贯。 衔接词的使用

1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first of all

at present, nowaday, currently, to start with, to begin with, for one

thing

for another, in one hand, in the other hand.

2、承。 to start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides; apart

from; in

addition;

in addition to; furthermore; in fact; actually; as a matter of fact;

in

reality;

moreover; no doubt; without any doubt; similarly; in the same

way;

meanwhile;

in the meantime; obviously; particularly; such as; for example;

for

instance;

consequently; as a consequence; as a result; what is more; what is

better;

3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; somehow; but; however;

nevertheness;

nonetheless;

conversely; by this time; on the contray; despite; in despite of;

in contempt of; in disregard of; by contrast; by comparison;

fortunately;

in other words; on the other hand; unlike; whereas;

4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。

accordingly; as has been noted(above); as has been mentioned; as

has been

talked of;

at last; finally; lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in short; in a

word;

in conculsion; in sum; in summary; to sum up; to summarize; to

conclude;

no doubt; undoubtedly; truly; certainly; positively; surely;

obviously;

on the whole;

可以使用谚语作为 topic

as the saying goes; as proverb goes;

定义法 可以使用提问法

比如说： illustrate your opinion about friendship

Do you have a good/large circle of friends?

概括法： I quite agree with this idea.

间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看

法。

在读文章时

1、注意结构安排

2、找出文章关键词

3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾

Special difficulties 难点

Cramped and stuffy : not roomy, not spacious lacking space,

airless,

Lacking space and air Monotonous : unchanging

Lulls : cause to sleep

In snatches: not continuously

Destination : terminal

Destination is a place where someone are going. Stretch your legs:

have a

rest, go for a walk

Sacrifice: give up for a purpose.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1、 d

the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is

alike :

as well

2、c

荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

D. was adored by the rich and poor alike.

distraction : 转移注意力

such„ as 比如„

He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese.

3、c

No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than

aeroplanes.

4、d

5、b

6、a

如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构

形式不是 if，不是 suppose，而

是 providing or provided.

I‟ll take all the shirts if/provided you reduce the price to $1 each.

7、c

in addition 表示承上启下，除此外还有

如果用 apart from , besides, in addition to , 必须和宾语进行

搭配。

It 是形式主语

It is no use crying. 哭没有用。

It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是

没有用的。

8、d

if it is not = if it is not calm

be prone to sth. To 在这是介词，相当于 be likely to do 表

示极有可能。

During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold. During cold

winter, we are

prone to cold.

9、b

10、a

sit up 不睡觉 = stay up install 安装，固定

let‟s install a television set on the wall..

11、c

spectacle = landscape scenery 自然风光 scene 场景

12、b

get over 从„恢复过来

He hasn‟t got over his wife‟s death

He doesn’t get over his illness. Get away from 从„逃脱掉

Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力

New words and expression 生词和短语

democratic adj.民主的 democratic country 民主的国家

restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.

--The prisoners‟ activity is restricted within narrow limits.

辨析

limit 表示时间,空间,程序等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,

如果超出这个点很可能受到惩 罚。

restrict 只说明限制范围

--Land development must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。

--He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自

己抽两只烟。

restrict sb to

confine v.控制在„„范围内

confine

--I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.

--The boy is confined to the dark room.

--The boy is restricted to the dark room.

cramp vt.限制（某人的活动或限制动植物的生长）

--Nobody can cramp children.

--You can not cramp my activity. hamper v.限制，妨碍,困累

--What hampered you to do so?

--The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is

hampered by

povert 被贫困所困扰。

--My limited vocabulary hampers my reading. impede v.限

制，阻碍（相当于 hamper）

impede doing sth

--Nothing will impede my studying English. bound v.限定，

以„„为界限

abuse v.滥用

--Don’t abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。

--We shouldn’t abuse oue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。

--For VIP,they shouldn‟t abuse their privilege.

untold a.=too many to be counted 数不尽的

--There are untold stars in the sky.

--I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties. numerous a.无数的

countless a.无数的

--As hunma being ,we can‟t keep ourselves free from countless

anxieties.

countable:can be counted

uncountable

numberless 无数的，没有房号的

--This is a numberless room.

numberable 数得清的

innumberable 不能数得清的

perpetual a.永久的，永远的(不休止的，一直持续下去的,用于

不易受阻的)

--They are as poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle

against

perpetual poverty. permanent a.

eternal everlasting

--Lasting for a long time

constant a.连续的，不断的(perpetual 最好的释义)

constantly adv.连续不断地

continuous a.连续不断的

--They have continuous discussion.

--They made great success in their continuous attempt. continual

a.频繁的

continually adj.

--It rains continually .

--It is raining continuously/constantly.

lasting a.(书面上用 everlasting)持久的，耐久的

--The pair of trousers is lasting.

--Generally speaking ,jeans are lasting. endless a.

--You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds.

--Studing English is our perpetual(endless) task.

eternal a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（=immortal）

--His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge

was named for

him. temporary a.临时的

permanent a.非临时的，永久的

--In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.

obscurity n.默默无闻

In obscurity

obscure adj.不起眼的

--The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.

radically adv.彻底地，完全地

=Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusive

exclusive a.独占的，独家的；排外的，排他的(not shared with

others)

--The swimming pool is for my exclusive use. exclusive right

独权

--The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it.

--The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.

commodity

n.商品

--commodity econnomy 商品经济 commodity market 商品市

场

goods,wares

Text 课文（全文背诵）

In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the

freedom of

the press are rightly condemned.

effort 企图（语气强烈）

try;attempt 尝试

make every effort;spare no effort;make every endeavor go to

great iengths

blame 责备 scold reproach reprimand

condemn 正式的谴责

deed 行为，行径

--Your deeds should be rightly condemned.

However, this freedom can easily be abused.

forest authorites 森林当局 education authorites 教育当局 the

authorites 有关当局

the authorites of the press 新闻界当局

Stories about people often attract far more public attention than

political

events.

According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested

in private

stories.

Sometimes some people even want to smell out people‟s secrets

or particular

scandals. far 相当于 much 加强语气

Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is

extremely

doubtful whether we

would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.

lives of others 替代 story about people

extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious

--If a family skeleton is reviewed,one‟s reputation

will be

damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately.

equally=in the same way=alike

--We wouldn‟t like our secret to be reviewed.

Acting on the contention that facts are sacred,

reporters can

cause untold suffering to

individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(要点句

型)

When stories published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you

will

become famous very soon.

If the story is terrible,your reputation will be ruined immediately.

act on

以。。。来行事，遵循。。。来行事

that 引导的部分是 contention 的同位语从句

Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they

can not only

bring about major

changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a

government.

exert…on sth

--bring about 带来，导致

--lead to

--cause

--result in

major:great,considerable

--In the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the

press is in

the general way.

The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune

overnight,

dramatically illustrates

the power of the press.

acquire=gain=obtain

--acquire gortune 发财

--make fortune

The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants

in South

Dakota.

inhabitant=dweller

--the city dweller 城市居住者

--the country dweller 乡村居住者

They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more

pressing

economic problems.

expect a baby

in the interesting condition in the family way

pregnant

be faced with 面临

--The window faces the south.窗户朝南。

--In the process of studing English,We are faced

with a great

many problems,which should be surmounted.

surmount 克服

solve problem 解决问题

--In the process of studing English,We are faced

with a great

many problems,which should be surmounted/got rid

of/removed as quickly

as possible.

economic problem=poverty pressing 紧迫的

If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed

unnoticed.

They would have

continued to struggle against economic odds and would have

lived in

obscurity.

虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的状况

unnoticed 形容词做状语

odds n.各种让人烦的小事

bear 容忍，生育 born 是 bear 的过去分词

attract the attention of the press

The rise to the fame is swift.=Their being famous was rapid.

Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge

sums for the

exclusive rights to publish

stories and photographs.

huge sums=huge sums of money care of 关心

Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers

had to be

employed to act as spokesmen

for the family at press conferences.

press for=demand 形象地表达出不停的催问

--The students kept pressing for examinations. Vocabulary

restrict:限制(restrict to)

--confine(confine to),limit

equally:同样地

--alike,in the same way/degree

contention:论点

--argument

untold:数也数不清的

--countless,uncountable,numerous,innumerable,numberless

acquired:以获得的

--got,gained,obtained

perpetual struggle:永无休止的斗争

--fight

in obscurity:默默无闻的，不出名的

--not being well-known

Comprension

1„b„. The argue that affect:负面的影响

Acting on the contention that facts are sacred,

reporters can

cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details

about their

private lives.(背熟)

contention=argue

2…d…

3…d…take interest in

Structure 结构

4„b„结构比较要一致 be interested in„

5„a„标志是 but Ænot only„but

b: not only 用在句首，句子必须倒装 can they

c: such that they cannot only：not only 用在动词之前并倒装:not

only can they d:so

修饰形容词或副词，如果强调的是一个主干的名词部分，用

such

6„a„被动语态

7„b„remain(系动词)不能用进行时态，系动词不能接动词不

定式

8…a…

9„d...bring about=wield press:榨汁；熨烫；按住，压住(n.)出

版，发行 invoke:求助，祈求

impose:强加于人

wield:造成

10„c„make repeated requests for=pressing for:不断的催问，要

求

11„c„on behalf of:代表

instead of:代替 on account of=because offor the sake of:出

于。。。的缘故

12„a„商品化的牺牲者(victim)

lingyu5758 祝大家学习进步！！！

Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高

New words and expression 生词和短语

pollution n..污染

相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter

More and more water is been polluted.

Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.

Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.

Contaminate

taint defile pollute poison

overpopulated adj.人口多的

overpeopled

sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区

sparsely-peopled population 人口数量

What‟s the population in your country? The city has a population

of two

million.

Our dear motherland is faced with a major problem that is

population

explosion. 人口暴长

populous adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤

The bus here is crowded, so I decide to switch for the next one.

The narrow

street is populous with people.

The most populous province in China is SiChuan.

over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的

sheer adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的

1. pure unmixed

2. steep

It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so

sheer

that you can‟t climb it.

3. complete

What are you talking about sheer nonsense?

4. transparent

During hot summer, ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk

stockings.

worldwide adv.在全世界

overwhelm v.制服，使不知所措

He was overwhelmed by grief. 悲伤至极

Grief seized him.

Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your

kindness.）

The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.

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辨析： conquer 征服，占领，克服 He conquered the city. 口

头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid

of (difficulties) 书面语 insurmountable 艰难的

vanquish 征服，暗含击败含义

pollute v.污染 pesticide n.杀虫剂 fertilizer n.

肥料

salmonella n.沙门氏菌 listeria n.利斯特杆菌 vegetarian n.

吃素的人

organically-grown adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品

培植）

insidious adj.暗中为害的

urban adj.城市的

burglar n.窃贼 burgle v.入室偷窃 burgle into a

house scream v.尖叫 scream at

profound adj.极度的

替换词：

deep, complete

Yesterday he had a profound sleep. intense, extreme

He is afflicted with profound anxieties. knowledgable

He is a profound scholar.

irritation n.烦躁

irritate 使烦躁

noises always irritate us. irritated 感到烦躁的 irritating 令人

烦躁的

incessantly adv.连续不断的

perpetual struggle, permanent job, eternal love, continuance rain,

continual, continually, constant struggle

incessant =continuous 侧重连续不断的

It has been raining incessantly for 3 hours. There is a week of

incessant

rains.

ceaseless =endless, none stop, unbroken uninterrupted

Last night I had an uninterrupted party.

He gave us a talk uninterrupted. Undisturbed

whine v.发呜呜声 helicopter n.直升飞机 maximum

adj.最大的 technology n.技术

contribution n.贡献 mobile adj.可移动的 snore v.打鼾

offender n.冒犯者

staggering adj.令人惊愕的

surprise, amaze, astonish, astound, astounding

The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded/found

it

staggering.

trumpet v.吹号

partner n.伙伴

Text 课文

Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over

industrialized

planet. (背诵)

I was blamed for being late.

Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work.

When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you

can deal with

rubbish: dump

it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to

produce

less of it.

利用支持句论述观点

Come to=get to

并列平行结构，突出 deal with，处理，后面用动词而非名词。

There are some good ways to study English well:

listen, speak,

read, and write. 用语气强调

study。

There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking,

reading and

writing. 强调 ways。

reuse it recycle it

We keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume

of rubbish we

produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. (背诵)

The writer wants to illustrate if the volume of rubbish is growing

everyday, we wouldn‟t have a good way to solve the problem.

volume=amount threaten to do

The coming earthquake threatens the village. promise 预测好

的未来

threaten 预测恶运，坏兆头

Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm. The sun promises a good

day.

It is possible for a rubbish to destroy our world.

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荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

overwhelming: something is beyond your control

两自然段衔接自然，由 rubbish 引入其他污染。

The need to produce every increasing quantities of cheap food

leads to a

different kind of pollution. (背诵)

不定式 to 做定语表示要发生的

lead to=result in/cause/bring about

The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high. (背诵)

If you think you‟ll abandon meat and become a

vegetarian, you

have the choice of very expensive organically-grown

vegetables or a

steady diet of pesticides every time you think you‟re eating

fresh salads

and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!

abandon: 强调被迫放弃 be forced to give up

organically-grown vegetables: 绿色蔬菜

every time: whenever

innocent: Water is innocent, but human being pollute them.

However, there is an even more insidious kind of

pollution that

particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and

that is

noise. (背诵)

however: We are quite clear, rubbish, cheap food

and vegetable

are terrible, but there is more dangerous pollution in

front of you.

Insidious: 暗中为害，阴险的，这里强调更严重的

Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve

only to

annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.

going off 作定语修饰说明 burglar alarms

换成定语从句

Burglar alarms that go off at any time of the

day or night

serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist

burglars to burgle.

assist, annoy 平行，to 不必重复

Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source

of

profound irritation. (背 诵)

constantly, incessantly, continuously

不用 lead to，用了比较规范的书面用语 are a source of

Her husband earns a lot of money every mouth and he is a source

of income.

摇钱树

The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we

really

dislike. （背诵） 综述 语句

列举一系列事实时，注意句式结构保持一致，与之相呼应的

词：sources of noise，所以用名 词结构

lawn mower: 割草机 container trucks: 集装箱卡车

New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. (背

诵)

According to this sentence, the writer illustrates another cause.

make contribution to: In fact, the writer wants to

say, new

technology had also led to/result in noise. 从讽刺反

面的角度去表述的

contribute to: 引起，导致，是„.的起因

Air pollution contributes to disease. Object to/take objection

to/against

Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our

thoughts or

interrupt the pleasure of

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meeting friends for a quiet chat. (背诵)

According to these examples, the writer wants to show why

mobile phone is

one source of noise.

The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and

possibly

amusing old fashioned source of noise.

The air pollution survey revealed that in the world

there are 10

big cities have been polluted

terribly, and one of them is China.

It turned out to be snoring!

turn out :prove

Men were found to be the worst offenders. offend: 惹怒

offender: 罪魁祸首

采用被动语态：客观描述，而非突出人发现

It is said„ 据说

It is revealed„ 据纰漏

It is announced„ 据宣布

20% of men in their mid-thirties/in their early thirties/in their

thirties/in their late thirties. against these figures

Comparing these figures, we found…

are woken: 被惊醒 keep awake: 不能入睡

Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain:

silence, it

seems, has become a golden memory. (背诵)

综述，对第三段的概括与总结

与 Lesson 44, page 204, line 28 对比：

However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain…

要求背诵的语句，都不是具体的实例，而是综述

Vocabulary 词汇

dump: drop completely sheer: volume: pure amount rubbish:

garbage

lead to: result in, cause, bring about

dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made

abandon: give

up

organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without

artificial

chemicals or fertilizer

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1. c

2. b

The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to

produce

more food and at lower cost. (背诵)

root n. 修饰 cause

twin 表示密切相关联的两种压力

3. a

the most distressing 最让人不能集中注意力的

4. c

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荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）

Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.（背

诵）

5. a

a way to do/of doing

6. c

7. a

people traveling around the world (lesson 44) quite often 不表

示正在进行，而表示主动的动作

people who travel around the world quite often

8. a

强调句式

9. c (背诵)

原文中用 make contribution to play an important role/part in sth.

do its bit:

尽本分做应该做的

do a share: 做好分内的工作

10. c

原文中用 object to

take exception against/to

offend: 冒犯、触怒、使不舒服

take offence at sb./sth.

11. a （背诵）

显露出来：bring sth. to light 及物动词短语 come to light

不及物动词短语

The information came to light.

It was the captain who brought the information to light.

12. b

原文中用 against by comparison

by comparison wit sth.

Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄

New words and expression 生词和短语

Inaccessible adj 难以接受的，达不到的

=entrance,approach

inaccessible adj 难以接受的，达不到的

词根 access (n) 通道，通路程，通向„„的道路程，进入

某地的道路，

entrance 入口

accessible (adj) :easy to get to/ easy to understand Heavy snow

made the

village inaccessible to traffic. 大雪使车辆无法进入这个小

山村。

使某事成为可能 make it impossible to do approach

接近 approachable 能接近

unapproachable 不能接近，无可匹敌的，不能与之相比的

The city is accessible.

只有老师才有机会和那们校长接触

Only teacher have access to the headmaster.

hospitable adj 好客的

同= amiable , cordially , faithful , friendly ,

neighborly ,receptive

Hospitable adj 好客的，强调热情好客/amiable adj

亲切的 Cordially, adj 热诚的/faithful adj

忠诚的/Friendly adj 友好的

Neighborly adj 和睦的/Receptive adj 关于接受的，接纳

的，强调一个人比较容易接 纳一些想法和见解

反= hostile

Be hostile to 对„„有敌意

Hostile----hospitable 不友好的，有敌意的

同= hostile , unfriendly , untagonistic , effensive,

aggressive

Hostile adj 不友好的，有敌意的 / Unfriendly---不友好的

Untagonistic 对抗性的，敌对的

effensive 进攻性的

I took no notice of his offensive remarks.

我没有理会他的进攻性的语言。

Aggressive 挑衅的

hostile adj 不友好的，有敌意的

vicinity n 周围，近邻

同= about

In the vicinity 在附近 / Vicinity = about 大约

In the vicinity of 大概/附近的居民 inhabitant of

the vicinity architectural adj

建筑的/fresco n 壁画/abruptly adv 实然地，意外地

tramp v 徒步前进/moor v

用（绳，链，锚）系船上/ferry v 用渡船运 straggle v 蔓

延，散乱分布

dilapidated adj 破旧的，倒塌的

同= battered , broken-down , run down

dilapiadated a 陈旧的，倒塌的

This is a dilapiadated old house.

Dilapidate v 使倒塌，使破损/Dilapidation (n)倒塌

/Batter v 撞坏，撞击

Battered adj 撞击的/ Broken-down

This is broke-down lawn mower

Run down 渐渐变糟，恶化/Run-down 渐渐变恶化的

sardine n 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头/rag adj 破旧衣服

/motionless adj 不动的

procession n 行列，成队的人群 / shawl n 围巾，披巾

peer v 凝视，盯着/quicken v 加快

Text 课文

In this much-travelled world, these are still thousands of places

which

are inaccessible

to tourists.

Be accessible /inaccessible to do 容易（难以）接近的

.But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists ,but

even from

their own

countrymen can be hostile to travellers.

Not only form „„but form 强调介词，重复解释

cut off from :separate from /isolate from 从„„分离,

与相隔绝，老死不相往来

people who are cut off not only from foreign

tourists ,but even

from their own countrymen 定语从句修饰 peple 不与本国

同胞相往来的人，也不与外国同胞相接解的人

cut off from 断绝往来 他出国之后和所有朋友断绝往来

He is cut off from all his friends after he went

abroad.

被社会抛弃与世隔绝

Such people who are hostile to travelers are

ones who are cut off from the

society.

Visits to really remote villages are seldom

enjoyable–as my

wife and I

discovered during a tour through the

Balkans.

到真正遥远的山村参观很少给你带来乐趣的，As 引导非限定

性定语从句用破折号隔开。

33 课提及。

第一自然很重要，最好全文背下来。比如 In this

much-travelled world；We always assume that

„„；who are cut off not only from„„but even from。通过这

一段我们了解到为什么

偏僻山村的人对人怀有敌意。是因为他们本身已经脱离了这

个社会。

These attracted many visitors ,for they were not

only of great

architectural interest , but contained a large

number of beautifully

preserved

frescoes as well, On the day before our

departure several bus loads

of tourists

descended on the town .

Of great interest 有意识的

Beautifully –preserved 被保存得很漂亮 On the day

before our departure 在我们离开的前一天

several bus loads of tourists

好几辆坐满乘客的大巴

Taking a path which led out of the town ,we

crossed a few

fields until we came to a

dense wood

came to a dense wood 出城影 / trace its way 继续

向前延伸，trace 跟踪他的路线， 穿过树林，继续向前延伸

make one’s way out of 挤出出 / fight one’s way 拼出一

条路来，杀出一条路

feel one’s way 摸出一条路来 / wind one’s way

蜿蜓曲折

the river wind its way to the sea

这条小何蜿蜓曲折的流向大海。

We tramped through the wood for over two hours

until we arrived a

deep stream. We

could see that the path continued on the other side. but

we had no

idea how we could get

across the stream.

表示这条路程继续向前延伸用 continued，相当于 trace its

way; on the 无伦次 other side

指小溪的另一岸

but we had no idea how we could get

across the stream 。we

had no idea 可以改成 we didn’t know how we could

get across the stream,

how we could get across the stream 是作同位语说明 no

idea 的内涵，如果改成 we didn’t

know 是 how 引导的 宾语从句.，无论改成那种语气，后面

的语句必须是陈述句，how we could..

Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it

there was a

boatman fast

asleep

a boat moored to the bank 停在岸边的一艘小

船,moored 过去分词作定语。

a boatman fast asleep 一个睡得很香的船夫，asleep 只能

作表语，如果作定语放在修 饰词的后面。Fast 副词修饰

asleep，一个睡得很香的船夫。

Though he was reluctant to do so at first ,we eventually

persuaded him to

take us

Eventually 替换为 at last，因为毕竟是终于成功的，不要替换

成 in the end.

The path led to a tiny village perched on the

steep sides of a

mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade

road which was lined

on either side by small houses.

Perched,是栖息，及物动词过去分词作定语，视为定语从句必

须用被动。高高座落在山

坡上的一个小山村

一本题名为如何在一分钟内读 1000 字的书

A book entitled how to read thousands word in the minter

The place consisted of a straggling unmade road

which was lined on either side by small houses.

straggling unmade 用来修饰 road, The place consisted

of 由什么组成是它的谓语动词，

straggling unmade 用来修饰 road，这个地方是由乱七八糟的

未人工修饰的路所组成，on either side 用 either

作定词所修饰的名词必须是单数形式，作起的作用是一个复

数概念。on either side = on both sides。 On both

side of road

which 指代的是 road,，which was 是前面用过 unmade，

为避免重复用定语从句被动语态。

Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked

forbidding as

all the houses were

built of grey mud bricks .the village seemed deserted

Forbidding 与 inaccessible 相呼应，让人望而却步。 As 改

成 for 没有问题。

The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life

being an

ugly-looking black goat tied

to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby.

被废弃的，空空荡荡的。The village seemed deserted 这个村里

没人居住，才显得空荡荡 的。the only sign of

life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short

length of

rope in

a field nearby.这句话没有谓语动词，不是完整的语句，没有连

接词，简单句之间用逗号分开，

没有连接词，逗号后面的内容是一个独立主格结构，进一步

对前句作一个补充解释。

the only sign of life 唯一的生命迹象，ugly-looking 喻境的描

述十分重要，不喜欢这个村 庄就用 an