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2024年4月30日发(作者：上海交大python教程答案)
linux系统编程的函数
英文回答：
1. System call: System calls are a mechanism that
allows user-mode programs to request services from the
kernel. The kernel provides a set of system calls that
programs can use to perform a variety of operations, such
as file I/O, process creation, and network communication.
2. Library function: Library functions are pre-written
functions that provide common functionality that can be
used by programs. They are typically provided by the C
standard library, or by third-party libraries. Library
functions can be used to perform a variety of tasks, such
as string manipulation, mathematical operations, and data
structure manipulation.
3. System programming: System programming is the
process of writing code that interacts directly with the
operating system. System programs typically perform tasks
such as device management, memory management, and process
scheduling.
4. Concurrency: Concurrency is the ability of a program
to execute multiple tasks at the same time. This can be
achieved using threads, which are lightweight processes
that share the same memory space.
5. Synchronization: Synchronization is the process of
ensuring that multiple threads can access shared resources
without causing conflicts. This can be achieved using locks,
which are objects that prevent multiple threads from
accessing the same resource at the same time.
6. Networking: Networking is the process of connecting
two or more computers together so that they can communicate
with each other. This can be achieved using a variety of
protocols, such as TCP/IP.
7. Security: Security is the process of protecting data
and resources from unauthorized access. This can be
achieved using a variety of techniques, such as encryption,
authentication, and authorization.
8. Debugging: Debugging is the process of finding and
fixing errors in code. This can be done using a variety of
tools, such as debuggers and testing frameworks.
中文回答：
1. 系统调用: 系统调用是一种允许用户模式程序从内核请求服
务的机制。内核提供了一组系统调用，程序可以使用这些系统调用
来执行各种操作，例如文件 I/O、进程创建和网络通信。
2. 库函数: 库函数是预先编写的函数，提供程序可以使用的通
用功能。它们通常由 C 标准库或第三方库提供。库函数可用于执行
各种任务，例如字符串操作、数学运算和数据结构操作。
3. 系统编程: 系统编程是编写直接与操作系统交互的代码的过
程。系统程序通常执行诸如设备管理、内存管理和进程调度之类的
任务。
4. 并发: 并发是程序同时执行多个任务的能力。这可以使用线
程来实现，线程是共享相同内存空间的轻量级进程。
5. 同步: 同步是确保多个线程可以访问共享资源而不引起冲突
的过程。这可以使用锁来实现，锁是防止多个线程同时访问同一资
源的对象。
6. 网络: 网络是连接两台或多台计算机以使它们可以相互通信
的过程。这可以使用各种协议来实现，例如 TCP/IP。
7. 安全: 安全是保护数据和资源免遭未经授权的访问的过程。
这可以使用各种技术来实现，例如加密、身份验证和授权。
8. 调试: 调试是查找和修复代码中的错误的过程。这可以使用
各种工具来完成，例如调试器和测试框架。
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