牛津版英语八年级上册Unit-4知识点讲解+练习题(含答案)

牛津版英语八年级上册Unit-4知识点讲解+练习题

Unit4 Inventions

Great inventions

Great inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. The following are three of t

he most important inventions in history. The wheel

The wheel perhaps is the greatest invention in history. After its invention, traveling became faster

and more comfortable. A few years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. In the early1

9th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. At the start of 20th century, cars became p

opular. Without the wheel, we would not have these inventions. The telephone

Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876. Since then, people

have been able to speak to each other over long distances. Today millions of people across the w

orld own mobile phones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.

The light bulb

Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light, p

eople had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do a

s many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them?

1. 把……变成……

2. Help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 Help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

3. Live a better life 过一个更好的生活 Lead a ... Life 过一个……的生活

4. Three of ...…… 中的三个

5. In history 在历史上

6. A few years ago 几年前

7. Start to do sth= start doing sth 开始做某事 at the start of .....在……的开端

At the start of 20th century 在20世纪初

8. Be popular 受……的欢迎

9. With/without +n 有……/没……

10. Since then 自从那时起，从那时以来

11. Be able to do sth 能够做某事

12. Each other = one another 相互

13. Over long distances

14. Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 Allow doing sth 允许做某事

15. Keep in =stay in 和……保持联系

16. Have to 不得不

17. As much/many +n(pl.) as .... 和……一样多……

18. In the daytime 在白天

19. In the evening = at night 在晚上

20. Imagine doing sth想象做某事

A pen giant

Do you know laszlo biro?

Maybe you do not , but you probably use his invention every day, and you may even have it in yo

ur hand right now!

Biro (1899--1985) was the inventor of the ballpoint pen. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. In th

e 1930s, when he worked as a newspaper editor, he used a fountain pen

Almost every day. However, he had to refill it all the time. The ink also did not dry easily, and it so

metimes made a mess on the paper. Biro wanted a better pen. His brother , George, helped him d

evelop a special ink. The ink dried easily. Then they developed a new type of pen.

There was a tiny ball at the tip of the pen. The ball rolled ink onto the paper as it moved. They call

it the “ ballpoint”pen.

The ballpoint pen was a great success. Everyone love it. Now millions of people use it all over the

world every day.

People will always remember biro for his invention. Today in many English-speaking countries, pe

ople still use the word “biro” to refer to any kind of ballpoint pen.

1. Right now 现在，此刻 2. Just now 刚才

3. Work as +职业 从事…… 4. All the time 一直；总是

5. Make a mess 弄得一团糟 6. On the paper 在纸上

7. At the tip of ... 在……的尖端上 8. All over the world 全世界

9. In many English-speaking countries 在许多说英语的国家里 10. Refer to ....提及，涉及，参考

11. 把……归功于，把……提交给

12. A kind/type of ....一种…… 13. Onto prep 到……上去

14. Into prep. 进入到……里面去 15. As 作为 当=when 像

More words and phrases

1. Be 应该……

2. Do you think 在句中做插入语，放在特殊疑问词的后面

3. Think of .... 认为

4. What do you think of ....你认为……怎么样？

5. What do you use it for? 你用它做什么？ 6. Mobile phone 手机 7. Light bulb 电泡

8. Keep ...使……远离，不接近 9. At the same time 同时

10. So many +n.(pl) 如此多的…… 11. So much +n.(不可数）如此多……

12. Feel+adj 觉得……

13. Make noises=make a noise=make noise 制造噪音

14. As many +n.(pl) as one can 尽可能多的……

15. Such +a/an +adj.+n 如此…… 16. So +adj/adv 如此……

17. So+adj+a/an+n.(sing.)如此…… 18. 导致，引起，通向

19. Lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事 20. Lead a ....life 过……的生活

短语归纳

bulb电灯泡 history在历史上 the start of在……初期

then从那以后 other彼此 s of数百万的

phone手机 in touch with与……保持联系 the day time在白天

noises制造噪音…off使……远离 tof在……的前面

the same time同时 a shorter time在较短时间内 away扔掉

into变成 the future在将来 now现在

the time一直 a mess弄得一团糟

to导致，引起

the help with在……的帮助下

【知识点讲解】

isement 可数名词，意为广告，它是以元音音素开头的单词，故单数名词前不定冠

词用an; 其复数形式为advertisements,可缩写为ads.

They will put an advertisement in the newspaper.

advertising 不可数名词，意为广告，广告业，是总称。 Advertising is everywhere.

advertise 动词，意为做广告，登广告， He advertised for a job.

2、funny可笑的；滑稽的adj

You’re an extremely funny man.你是一个非常滑稽的人。

*区分fun与funny

1）fun与funny都可以作形容词，但fun还可以作名词。

例如：玩的开心___________________________或者_____________________

2）fun有趣的；令人愉快的。近义词：interesting。

3）funny滑稽的、古怪的。

Jane is a funny girl.

简是一个很滑稽的人。

3、create创作；创造v

拓展：creation创造物，作品n. creator创造者n. creative有创造力的adj. creativity创造力n.

试翻译：这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力。

The ___________________ the__________, he is__________

.【辨析】create和make

create创造，创作创造出原来并不存在的东西make创造，制作,通过工作制造出某种东西

例如：

（1）.谁创造了世界？Who __________ the world?

（2）.他制造了这块手表。He _________the watch.

4、telephone电话n 给……打电话v其缩写形式是________,移动电话，手机是________.

给某人打电话的表达：①telephone/phone sb. ②call sb. (up)

③give sb. a call ④make a telephone call to sb.

我心里实在难受，于是打电话给欧文。

I _______ my father ______________ yesterday. 昨天我给爸爸打电话了。

I _______________________________ to Lucy last night.昨晚我给Lucy打了个电话。

table舒适的adj.，其比较级是___________________.

comfortably舒适地adv

uncomfortable使人不舒服的adj

辨析： over, across, through

Over 越过，指越过一段距离或度过一段时间

The birds fly over the town.

Across 表示横过，穿过，指在某一平面或物体上从一边到另一边

The students are walking across the street.

through 表示穿过，通过，指从某处或某物中间穿过，内部穿过

Once a man was walking through a forest, when he met two men.

y世纪n

In the early 19

th

century=at the start of the 19

th

century.在十九世纪初

In the late 19

th

century=at the end of the 19

th

century.在十九世纪末

发明v inventor发明家n： invention发明n：

辨析：invent与discover invent发明客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西；如发明新的

使用工具、方法。discover发现 发现客观已经存在，但不为人知的东西或者事物。

1.爱迪生发明了电灯。

Edison ___________ the electric light bulb.

2.我在树下发现了一块很漂亮的石头。

I _________ a beautiful stone under the tree.

cal有用的adj. practice练习n practice 练习v

Our clothes are light weight, fashionable and for holidays.

我们的服装轻便、时尚，并且很适合度假穿。

9. distance距离

【拓展】

At a distance隔一段距离，距离稍微远一些

In the distance在远处

from the distance从远处

这只小猫从远处回来了。The cat came back__________________________.

灯n candle蜡烛n bright明亮的adj

turn off 关上=switch off turn on打开=switch on

请打开灯。Please ____________the ________.

pv开发、研发（与invent发明不同，是在原有基础上进一步提高、改进）

We need to ________ solar energy.我们需要开发太阳能。

拓展：development发展n developed发达的adj. developing发展中的adj.

发达国家：a developed country

发展中国家：a developing country

sb. do sth帮助某人做某事,help后跟省略to的不定式，类似的用法还有，使某人做

某事make sb. do sth.

I _______ him_______ his wallet.

我帮助他找到了钱包。

The boss _________ the workers _________more than 10 hours every day.

这个老板让工人每天工作超过10小时。

allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.

它们容许人们在任何时候，在任何地点彼此保持联系。

（1） allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

他们允许孩子们去公园。 They _________ their children _______go to the park.

(2) keep in touch（with）sb.与……保持联系与stay in touch with同义

Do you still ________in_________________ your parents regularly after you leave them?

你离开父母以后还经常与他们保持联系吗？

sunlight, air and water, we can be alive on Earth.

有了阳光、空气和水，我们才能在地球上生存。with有

without没有

没有水，我们无法存活。

We can’t live__________________.

new cars made loud noises and frightened them.这些新汽车发出很大的噪音，让他们感

到害怕。

Make noises意思是：发出噪音，弄出声音；也可以用make a noise

例如：不要弄出声音，你爸爸正在睡觉。Don’t __________________, your father is sleeping.

辨析：noise，voice，sound

noise指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐，不悦耳的声音

voice多指人和动物特有的声音，嗓音

sound指人所能听到的自然界中的一切声音

（1）请不要在课堂上制造噪音。Please don’t_________________ in class.

（2）她经常小声说话。She often talks in a low________.

（3）在空气中光比声音传播的速度快。Light travels faster than_________ in the air.

短语辨析 sometimes 有时 Sometimes she has lunch at school.

Some times 几次，几倍 I have been to the museum some times.

Sometime 某时 I’ll visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.

Some time 一段时间 She has lived here for some time.

单元综合测试题

笔试部分（80分）

I. 选择题。（每小题1分，共20分）

A. 词语释义。（每小题1分，共5分）

( ) 1. This tool is practical. You should buy it.

A. useless B. useful C. sudden D. correct

( ) 2. --- Can I visit you tomorrow? --- OK. You can come at any time.

A. anyway B. anywhere C. anyhow D. anytime

( ) 3. This kind of flower is very special, and most people have never seen it.

A. ordinary B. not ordinary C. beautiful D. not

beautiful

( ) 4. They all came to school at the same time.

A. at the time B. sometimes C. at one time D. all the

time

( ) 5. I am in touch with my friends by writing emails.

A. keep in touch with B. lose touch with C. play with D. talk with

B. 选择填空。(每小题1分，共15分)

( ) 6. --- Where ______ you born? --- I was born ______ America.

A. was; at B. were; at C. was; in D. were; in

( ) 7. --- What's your dream, Jim?

--- My dream is to be an inventor. I want to ______ many new things.

A. check B. calculate C. include D. invent

( ) 8. --- Could you ______ me ______ the floor. Torn? --- Of course, Mom.

A. make; clean B. make; cleaning C. help; cleaning D. help;

clean

( ) 9. --- What do you ______ Ann?

--- She is a smart girl. She is able ______ 10 telephone numbers in one minute.

A. think of; to remember B. find out; to remember

C. think of; remembering D. find out; remembering

( ) 10. --- What's the weather ______ today, Lily? --- It is ______ yesterday.

A. /; as cold as B. like; so cold as C. /; so cold as D. like; as cold as

( ) 11. --- Why ______ your mother so angry?

--- Because my little sister ______ in the room. My mom spent a lot of time cleaning it.

A. were; copied down B. were; made a mess

C. was; made a mess D. was; copied down

( ) 12. --- Tim, today is my birthday. Come to my birthday party tonight.

--- I'm very sorry. My parents don't ______ me to go out at night.

A. care B. allow C. ask D. provide

( ) 13. --- Wow, this air conditioner is so ______.

--- It is the most expensive one in our shop. It is also ______ one.

A. expensive; better B. expensive; the best C. cheap; better D.

cheap; the best

( ) 14. This town is so beautiful and clean. I believe that it will ______ a big city in the future.

A. made of B. made from C. develop from D.

develop into

( ) 15. --- This invention is so beautiful.

--- In addition, it can ______ rain ______ our bag and our bags car keep dry in the rain.

A. turn; off B. turn; in C. keep; in D. keep; off

( ) 16. The black TV is a little bit cheap, but it is ______ than others. I don't want to buy it.

A. the more worst B. more worse C. the worst D. much

worse

( ) 17. --- Could you go to a movie with my friend ______ me?

--- Of course. I have time.

A. instead of B. instead C. out of place D. in the

place

( ) 18. This table is quite dirty with a lot of ______. We need to clean it before we use it.

A. carriages B. lamps C. wings D. dust

( ) 19. --- Dad, I want ______ clothes. --- But you already have many in your wardrobe.

A. most B. the more C. more D. the most

( ) 20. --- ______ do you use the computer? --- Twice a day.

A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How

far

Ⅱ. 完形填空。(每小题1分，共10分)

John is ten years old. He likes watching TV, but he hasn't watched TV for a whole year. What was

the __21__?

John's parents thought John watched too __22__ TV. One day John's mother saw an article in

the newspaper about a boy who hadn't watched TV for a year. She __23__ the story for John. "It

is a joke," said his mother. "I don’t believe it." But John liked the idea. He turned off the TV

__24__ and said he could do it. But he wanted a __25__. So John's parents said they would

__26__ him $700 if he could do it.

At first John's parents were very __27__ because John did a lot of reading. But later, he felt

__28__. Every evening, he asked his parents to play with him. Sometimes his parents wished he

could watch TV, even just for one evening. John always said, "No, it will __29__ me money!"

Finally the year was over. John got the money from his parents, but he didn't want to spend

lots of his time __30__ TV any more. "I want to help poor children with the money," he said.

( ) 21. A. order B. matter

( ) 22. A. big B. small

C. idea D. hobby

D. much C. little

( ) 23. A. read B. heard C. listened D. spoke

( ) 24. A. in hand B. once again C. right away D. since then

( ) 25. A. food B. prize

( ) 26. A. borrow B. take

( ) 27. A. sad B. angry

C. time

C. give

C. busy

D. music

D. ask

D. happy

( ) 28. A. bored B. comfortable C. interested D. hungry

( ) 29. A. spend B. win C. get D. cost

( ) 30. A. inventing B. watching C. buying D. cleaning

Ⅲ.阅读理解。（每小题1分，共 20分）

A

Everyone wants to live a happy life. Everyone talks about happiness. But what makes us feel really

happy? What can we get from happiness?