英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编23

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编23

(总分：48.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 判断题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)

my involves using the familiar to stand for the unfamiliar. (对外经贸2005研)

（分数：2.00）

A.真 √

B.假

解析：解析：转喻是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。

utterance meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.

（分数：2.00）

A.真 √

B.假

解析：解析：话语意义随着话语情境的变化而不同。

ge acquisition refers to the process involved in creating and expressing meaning through

language.

（分数：2.00）

A.真

B.假 √

解析：解析：语言产出是一个通过语言来表达意义的过程。

ural metaphor means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for

ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc. , as entities and substances.

（分数：2.00）

A.真

B.假 √

解析：解析：实体隐喻是指人类以自身经验和生理实体为基础，把事件、行为、情感、思想等抽象概念转

换为实体。

rdinate categories are the most general ones. The members of a superordinate category

do not have enough features in common to conjure up a common gestalt at this level.

（分数：2.00）

A.真 √

B.假

解析：解析：上位范畴是最具概括性的范畴，各成员没有足够的共性构成一个共同的完形。

二、 单项选择题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)

does the top-down approach differ from the bottom-up approach in language processing? (对

外经贸2005研)

（分数：2.00）

-up processing is more effective than top-down processing in speech synthesis.

-up processing utilizes all information one has in speech perception. √

-down processing uses one's existing knowledge and the incoming speech signal.

-down processing is more efficient than bottom-up processing in speech comprehension.

解析：解析：在语言处理加工过程中，有两种方法，即从一般到具体的自上而下的方法和从具体到一般的

自下而上的方法。其中自下而上的方法会用到言语感知中的所有信息。

7.______is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually

obtained in school settings.

（分数：2.00）

ence

mance

ng √

ition

解析：解析：在学校里我们会学到第二语言，对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累，叫做“学习"。

language acquisition, children go through several stages, during which stage they begin

to have sensitivity to the phonetic distinctions used in their parents' language.

（分数：2.00）

rastic stage √

word stage

word stage

grammatical conversation stage

解析：解析：孩子们的语言习得要经历三个阶段，单词句阶段，双词句阶段，以及三词句阶段。在单词句

阶段，孩子们会对其父母话语中的语音特征特别敏感。

9.______is the study of psychological aspect of language.

（分数：2.00）

ge acquisition √

d linguistics

linguistics

tics

解析：解析：语言习得是从心理学的角度来研究语言，主要研究儿童不自觉地自然地掌握母语的过程。

10.______does not belong to Construal Operations.

（分数：2.00）

ion/ Salience

nt/ Comparison

or and metonymy √

ctive/ Situatednesss

解析：解析：识解操作是人类语言处理过程中概念化的过程，或者说，识解操作是理解语言表达方式所使

用的基本心理过程和来源。包括(1)注意力／突显；(2)判断／对比；(3)视点／观察者位置。

三、 简答题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)

is the purpose of studying language and mind? (南开大学2004研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：The study of language and mind aims to model the workings of the mind in

relation to language; for example, it helps explain how the language production and perception

is achieved. Since structures and connections in the mind are inevitably unobservable, researchers

put forward hypotheses based on fragmentary clues. The label most usually given to the study of

"language and mind" is psycholinguistics, a term which is often perceived as being trendy.

Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of

linguistic structures.)

解析：

is the cognitive interpretation of image schema? (北航2010研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions

and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience. Image schema exists at

a level of abstraction, operates at a level of mental organization between propositional

structures and concrete image, and it can be subdivided into the following items: a

center-periphery schema, a continent schema, a cycle schema, a force schema, a link schema, a

part-whole schema, a path schema, a scale schema and a vertical schema.)

解析：

to understand a sentence?

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Besides decoding sounds and lexical meanings, comprehension also includes

untangling the meaning of sentences. There are a few elements influencing the comprehension of

sentences. The first is that the ambiguity of word meaning leads to difficulties in sentence

understanding. The more complex information the word has, the more difficult the sentence is to

be understood. The second factor is that the linguistic structure of the sentence affects the

processing time. Psycholinguists have addressed th phenomena of sentence comprehension in

different ways. Firstly, serial models propose that the sentence comprehension system continually

and sequentially follows the constraints of a language's grammar with remarkable speed. Secondly,

parallel models emphasize the comprehension system is sensitive to a vast range)

解析：

is blending theory?

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Fauconnier & Turner proposes and discusses blending or integration theory,

a cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more "mental spaces" are integrated via projection

into a new, blended space which contains its unique structure. They present examples of blending

and analyze the blending process, provide taxonomy of blends, and argue for the ubiquity and

importance of blending as a cognitive resource. Blending operates on two input mental spaces to

produce a third space, the blend. The blend inherits partial structure from the input spaces and

has emergent structure of its own. There are some conditions needed when two input spaces one

and two are blended; cross-space mapping, generic space, blend and emergent structure. The

blending theory suggests a new way of thinking about what constitutes a novel inference. Because

the mapping operation involves integrated frames rather than isolated predicates, the choice of

one particular framing over another necessarily results in a different set of attendant

inferences.)

解析：

四、 名词解释(总题数：7，分数：14.00)

ge acquisition (浙江大学2004研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Language acquisition; It refers to the gradual development of ability in

a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.)

解析：

ment (南开大学2011年研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Government: In the traditional approach, it refers to a type of control over

the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.)

解析：

liguistics

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Psycholinguistics is the study of psychological aspects of language; it mainly

studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. An

important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious use of grammatical rules that