2021-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案

2021-英语语言学期末试题练习

-+答案

语言学练习题

Ⅰ. Matching

Match each of the following terms in Column A

with one of the appropriate definitions in

Column B.

Column A

1. displacemenn 18. context

t 11. arbitrari19. blending

2. langue ness 20. culture

3. suprasegme12. competen21. learning

ntal feature ce strategies

4. deep 13. broad 22. selection

structure transcriptioal

5. predication n restrictions

analysis 14. morphol23. phrase

6. idiolect ogy structure

7. pidgin 15. category rules

8. mistakes 16. errors 24. culture

9. interlangua17. componediffusion

ge ntial

10. motivatioanalysis

Column B

A. Learners’ independent system of the second

language, which is of neither the native

language nor the second language, but a

continuum or approximation from his native

language to the target language. 9

B. Learner’s attitudes and affective state or

learning drive, having a strong impact on his

efforts n learning a second language. 21

C. The rules that specify the constituents of

syntactic categories. 23

D. Through communication, some elements of

culture A enter culture B and become part of

culture B. 24

E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker

that combines elements regarding regional,

social, gender, and age variations. 6

F. A special language variety that mixes or

blends languages and it is used by people who

speak different languages for restricted

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英语语言学练习题

语言学练习题

purposes such as trading. 7

G. The kind of analysis which involves the

breaking down of predications into their

constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5

H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items

can go with what others. 22

I. The structure formed by the XP rule in

accordance with the head’s subcategorization

properties. 4

J. The phonemic features that occur above the

level of the segments. 3

K. The study of the internal structure of words,

and the rules that govern the rule of word

formation. 14

L. The abstract linguistic system shared by all

the members of a speech community. 2

M. Language can be used to refer to contexts

removed from the immediate situations of the

speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of

human language. 1

N. Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and

problem-solving based efforts to achieve

learning efficiency. 10

O. The total way of life of a people, including the

patterns of belief, customs, objects,

institutions, techniques, and language that

characterizes the life of the human community.

20

P. The common knowledge shared by both the

speaker and hearer. 18

Q. The way of word formation by which new

words may be formed by combining parts of

other words. 19

R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the

same or similar functions in a particular

language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or

a verb. 15

S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists

to analyze word meaning. This approach

believes that the meaning of a word can be

dissected into meaning components. 17

T. The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his

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语言学练习题

language. 12

U. One of the properties of human language. It

means that there is no logical connection

between meanings and sounds. 11

V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with

letter-symbols only. 13

W. They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge

of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16

X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance.

8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose

initial letter has been given.

1. “A rose by any other name would smell as

sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of

the a____ nature of language. Arbitrary

2. The description of a language at some point of

time in history is a synchronic study; the

description of a language as it changes

through time is a d____ study. Diachronic

3. Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s

knowledge of the rules of his language, and

performance the actual realization of this

knowledge in linguistic communication.

Competence

4. In the production of vowels the air stream

coming from the lungs meets with no o____.

This marks the essential difference between

vowels and consonants. Obstruction

5. The different phones that can represent a

phoneme in different phonetic environments

are called the a____ of the phoneme.

Allophone

6. Allophones of the same phoneme cannot

occur in the same phonetic environment. They

are said to be in c____ distribution.

Complementary

7. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied

to the sentence rather than the word in

isolation, they are collectively known as i____.

Intonation

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8. The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally

called morpheme. Minimum

9. I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that

are for the most part purely grammatical

markers, signifying such concepts as tense,

number, case and so on. Inflectional

10. Phrases that are formed of more than one

word usually contain three elements: head,

specifier, and c____. Complement

11. Concerning the study of meaning,

conceptualist view holds that there is no direct

link between a linguistic form and what it

refers to; rather, in the interpretation of

meaning they are linked through the

mediation of c____ in the mind. concept

12. The sense relation between “animal” and

“dog” is called h____. hyponymy

13. P____ refers to the phenomenon that the

same word may have a set of different

meanings. Polysemy

14. What essentially distinguishes semantics

and pragmatics is whether in the study of

meaning the c____ of use is taken into

consideration. Context

15. S____ refers to the linguistic variety

characteristic of a particular social class.

Sociolect

16. WHO is an a____ derived from the initials

of “World Health Organization”. Acronym

17. According to Halliday, language varies as

its function varies; it differs in different

situations. The type of language which is

selected as appropriate to the type of situation

is a r____. Register

18. In cross-cultural communication, some

elements of culture A enter culture B and

become part of culture B, thus bringing about

the phenomenon of cultural d____.

Diffusion

19. While the first language is acquired s____,

the second or foreign language is more

commonly learned consciously.

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语言学练习题

Subconsciously

20. Language a______ refers to a natural

ability for learning a second language.

Acquisition

21. Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality

of speech sounds called “v ”, which is a

feature of all vowels and some consonants in

English. Voice

22. The phonemic features that occur above

the level of the segment are called s____

features. Suprasegmental

23. Morphology refers to the study of the

internal structure of words and rules for word

f____. Formation

24. The minimal unit of meaning is

traditionally called m____. Morpheme

25. The sense relation between “autumn” and

“fall” is called s____. Synonym

26. H____ refers to the phenomenon that

words having different meanings have the

same form, i.e. , different words are identical

in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy

27. In daily communication, people do not

always observe the four maxims of the

co-operative principle. Conversational i____

would arise when the maxims are flouted.

Implicature

28. SARS is an a____ derived from the initials

of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.

Acronym

29. I____ is a personal dialect of an individual

speaker that combines elements regarding

regional, social, gender, and age variations.

Idiolect

30. RP, the short form of “R____

Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of

pronouncing standard English. Received

Ⅲ.Multiple choice.

Choose the best answer to the following items.

1. ____ is considered to be the father of modern

linguistics.

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A. N. Chomsky B. F.

de Saussure

C. Leonard Bloomfield D.

M. A. K. Halliday

2. In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part

of language which links together the sound

pattern and meaning.

A. morphology and syntax B.

phonetics and semantics

C. semantics and syntax D.

morphology and semantics

3. ____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s

point of view, i.e., how the sounds are

perceived by the hearer.

A. auditory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics

C. articulatory phonetics

4. Which of the following words begins with a

velar voiced stop? ____

A. god B. boss C. cock

D. dog

5. Which of the following words ends with a

dental, voiceless fricative? ____

A. rose B. wave C. cloth

D. massage

6. Which of the following words contains a back,

open and unrounded vowel? ____

A. god B. boot C. walk

D. task

7. Which of the following is Not a velar sound?

_____

A. [h] B. [k] C. [g]

D. [ŋ]

8. Which of the following is Not a minimal

pair?____

A. bat, bite B. kill, pill C. peak, pig, D.

meat, seat

9. Which of the following is an open class

words?____

A. email B. but C. the D.

they

10. The underlined morphemes in the

following belong to the inflectional

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morphemes except ____.

A. paints B. painter C. painted D.

painting

11. Which of the following words has more

than three morphemes? ____

A. psychophysics B. boyfriends C.

forefather D. undesirability

12. The pair of words “dead and alive” is

called ____.

A. gradable antonyms B. relational

opposites C. complementary antonyms

13. Which pair of the following words can be

categorized as stylistic synonyms?____

A. torch & flashlight B. die

& decease

C. amaze & astound D.

luggage & baggage

14. X: John has given up smoking.

Y: John used to smoke.

The sense relation between the above

sentences is ____

A. X entails Y B. X

presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is

inconsistent with Y

15. X: My father has been to London.

Y: My father has been to UK.

The sense relation between the above

sentences is ____

A. X entails Y B. X

presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y D. X is

inconsistent with Y

16. When we violate any of the maxims of

Co-operative Principle, our language might

become ____.

A. impolite B. incorrect C. indirect

D. unclear

17. According to Searl’s classification of speech

acts, which of the following is an instance of

directives? ____

A. I fire you!

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B. Your money or your life!

C. I’m sorry for the mess I have made.

D. I have never seen the man before.

18. Which of the following words is entirely

arbitrary?

A. tree B. crash C.

typewriter D. bang

19. The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.

A. blend B. coined word C.

clipped word D. acronym

20. Which of the following words is Not formed

by means of clipping?_____

A. memo B. motel C. quake

D. gym

21. According to Halliday, mode of discourse

refers to the _____ of communication.

A. subject B. role C. situation D.

means

22. Which of the following theories of language

acquisition believes that language learning is

simply a matter of imitation and habit

formation? ____.

A. The behaviorist view B. The

innatist view

C. The interactionist view D. The

cognitive theory

23. Which of the following sentences is an

example of overgeneralization? ____.

A. Jane told me to give up smoking.

B. Jane asked me to give up smoking.

C. Jane advised me to give up smoking.

D. Jane suggested me to give up smoking.

24. Which of the following hypotheses is put

forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.

A. Critical Period Hypothesis

B. Input Hypothesis

C. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis

D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

25. Who among the following linguists put

forward Co-operative Principles?

A. Paul Grice B. John Searle

C. Krashen D. Leech

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