1 in a bid to do sth为争取某物而做出努力

1 in a bid to do sth为争取某物而做出努力

例：in a bid to find a compromise（和解）试图找到一个妥协的方案

2 above all 首先的是，尤其；最重要的是

例： Social services departments must accept, above all, the role of the

parents.

社会服务部门必须认可的，首先是父母的角色。

Above all Susie is a great survivor（幸存者）, with a bright, indomitable（不

屈不饶的） spirit.

总之，苏茜不畏艰难，开朗乐观、不屈不挠。

She liked him above all for his effortless charm（魔力；使陶醉）.

她最喜欢他身上那种与生俱来的魅力。

"We're not saying we're outside and above all this," he stresses. （前置否定：

前提：否定前置只有第一人称需要前置，二三人称否定依然在从句中；将think, believe,

suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的

谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式；注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中

的否定词不能转移。

“我们并不是说我们对此不闻不问,”他强调道.

He continued to place security above all other objectives.

他继续把安保问题置于所有目标之上。

3 act out 将……表演出来：用行动来表示

例： Let's act out the story of the three bears once more（再次）.

让我们再次表演一下三只熊的故事.

Many a mother tries to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.

有许多母亲都试图在女儿身上实现自己未竟的梦想。

4 after all毕竟； 究竟； 归根结底； （解释或说明理由）别忘了

例：No matter where you go in life or how old you get, there's always

something new to learn all, life is full of surprises

不管你生活在哪里，你有多少岁，总有新东西要学习，毕竟，生活总是充满惊喜。

After all, what more can anyone be than themselves?

毕竟，人们除了做自己又能怎样呢？

5 aim at（以…）瞄准； 针对； 以…为目标； 计划

例：They aim at quality rather than quantity.

他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量.

I didn't know I was supposed to aim at the same spot all the time.

我不知道自己应该一直瞄准同一目标。

6 all but几乎， 差不多； 除了…之外（都）

例：His papers were proof against（能抗，能防） all but the most expert of

scrutinies（细查）.

他的论文几乎可以经受住最专业的审查。

Europe will be represented in all but two of the seven races.

除了两项赛事之外，欧洲在其余5项赛事中都有代表参加。

7 as well as也，又既…又…； 除…之外（也）； 此外

例： Ethiopia'sart springs from（发源于，起源于） her early

Christian as well as her Muslim heritage.

埃塞俄比亚的艺术起源于其早期的基督教和伊斯兰教文化遗产。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.

选花不仅要观其形还要闻其香。

8 at a time依次， 逐一， 每次

例：Niccolini was thundering（n.雷声； 隆隆的响声；vi.打雷；vt.& vi.发出隆隆声； 轰

隆隆地快速移动； 使快速移动； 怒喝） up the stairs, taking them two at a time.

尼科利尼一步两个台阶地噔噔跑上楼。

Beat in the eggs, one at a time.

打入鸡蛋，一次一个。

9 at heart内心里； 本质上； 关心； 想到

例： He was a very gentle boy at heart.

他实际上是个非常温柔的男生。

When I say don't eat sweets, I have your health at heart. （关心）

当我说你别吃糖果时, 我是关心着你的健康.

10 at home 在家的；无拘无束；在本国；（比赛）在主场

例： I had to postpone（vt使……延迟;vi延迟） ideas of a career and stay at home.

我不得不暂缓就业打算，呆在家里。

I am not completely at home in any Protestant Church.

我在任何一个新教教会都不是特别自在。

Poland provide the opposition for the Scots' last warm-up

match at home.

苏格兰队在国内最后一场热身赛的对手是波兰队。

11 at the moment此刻；目前；当时

例： I think she feels desperately（绝望的） wounded（受伤的）

unloved at the moment.

我想她此刻定会觉得受到了极大的伤害，无人关爱。

12 at the same time同时

例："We're all talking at the same time." — "Yeah. Sorry."

and

“我们俩在同时讲话。”——“噢，抱歉。”

13 at work 在工作；起作用的，在运转

例： It helps them to unwind（放松） after a busy day at work.

这有助于他们忙碌一天后放松自己。

14 all in all总的来说

例：All in all, it appeared that a pretty depressing summer awaited（等候）

Jones.

总之，等待琼斯的似乎是一个相当令人沮丧的夏天。

We both thought that all in all it might not be a bad idea.

我们两人都认为总的说来它或许不是个坏主意。

15 all manner of各种各样的；形形色色的

例： Mr Winchester is impressively knowledgeable about all manner of things.

温切斯特先生知识广博，通晓万事。

This plan must be realised by all manner of means.

这个计划一定要实现.

16 all over 到处，处处

例：Students all over the country are facing an uncertain future.

全国各地学生前途未卜。

Food is in short supply all over the country.

全国普遍食品供应不足。

17 all the time 一直；始终

例：And all the time next spring's elections（选举） are drawing（画画；吸引，

招至） closer.

明年春天的选举即将来临。

All the time I was blind to your suffering.

一直以来，我都没有意识到你遭受的痛苦。

18 all the way一直，完全的；一路上

例：Having started a revolution we must go all the way.

既然已经发动了革命，我们就一定要进行到底。

The walk from the village to Greystones was uphill all the way.

从村子到格雷斯通斯走的一直都是上坡路。

19 along with和…一起[一道]，随着； 除…以外（还）； 以及； 连同

例：Whatever the majority decided I was prepared to go along with.

只要是多数人的决定我都愿意服从。

Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.

除酒以外, 烟草在多数国家都要征税。

20 anything but 绝不，根本不

例：I will be anything but quiet on Saturday night!

星期六的晚上我根本静不下心来！

She is anything but a beauty.

她一点也不漂亮.

如果 anything but 和 everything but 后面需要跟不定式，那么该不定代词前必须

要作另一个及物动词的宾语，只有这样，but 才可以并举两个同类项。

如： 1）主结构中有动词 do，不定式不能带 to

* I can't do anything but sing and dance. 除了唱歌跳舞，我任何事情都做不了。

* I can do everything else but sing and dance. 除了唱歌跳舞，我可以作别的所有

事情。 2）主结构中不是动词 do，不定式必须带 to

* I won't enjoy anything but to sing and dance. 除了唱歌跳舞，我是不会以任何

事情为乐趣的。

* I will enjoy everything else but to sing and dance. 除了唱歌跳舞，我会以别的

一切事情为乐趣。

21 as a result结果， 因此

例：As a result, services have been drastically reduced.

结果是服务业急剧萎缩。

22 as far as到……程度；就……而言

例：There are pine trees as far as the eye can see.

放眼望去，除了松树还是松树。

It only lasted a couple of years, as far as I know.

据我所知，它仅仅维持了两三年。

23 as for/to 至于，关于

例：As for your father, he won't be mentioned in my will（遗嘱）.

至于你父亲，我的遗嘱里不会提到他的名字。

24 as good as几乎，差不多

例： In a day or so（左右） he will be as good as new.

他大概一天工夫就会恢复过来。

The vote as good as kills the chance of real reform.

这次投票几乎是扼杀了一次真正改革的机会。

25 as if/though 好像

1．在通常情况下， as if 和as though 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表

示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：

1)谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词be用were,也可用was）：

Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他为什么那样看我？像是认

识我似的。

He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。

He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.

He speaks as if he were an Englishman.

It’s not as though he was /were poor.

2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：

a)过去式，表示过去的状态，如：

He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那样看我，好像我是个疯子。

He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a

train was the best joke in the world.

他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。

Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.

但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时：

They talked as if they had been friends for years. (高二册，第95页)

(试比较：They had been friends for years.)

Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. (《现代英语用法词典》)

情态动词亦用过去时：

She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life.

她觉得简直无法忍受这样的生活。

b)过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：

It was as if he had lost his last friend.

“I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair

looked——as if it had been electrified.”（高二册，第91页）

必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过

去完成时：

You look as if you’d seen a ghost. 你好像是见了鬼似的。

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.

他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。

c)过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：

He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.（高一册，第211页）

He ran as if ghosts were chasing him.

I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。

d)过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：

It looked as if it was going to snow. （高一册，第127页）

He opened his lips as if he would say something to you.

2. 如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的，则动词可以用陈

述语气，在feel, look, seem

smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。试比较：F. T. Wood所著English Colloquial

Idioms中的两个例子：

He walks as if he is drunk.

He walks as if he were drunk.

第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第2句则表示“他没有醉”。又如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

It looks as if were going to rain.

第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨。再看其她例子：

There’s Hob, talking to the ticket-collector. It looks as if he

hasn’t got a platform ticket. 那不，霍布正在同检票员说话，看样子还没弄到站台

票。

You look as if you’ve been running. 你好像刚跑了一阵似的。

You look as if you know each other.

He looks as if he’s tired.

It looks/seems as if you’re right.

You have acted as if you like me.

It smells as if it is fresh. 闻起来很新鲜

5. as if和as though从句中的省略

当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于

是便出现下面几种结构：

1) as if +不定式

He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.

The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly

over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own

reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，

似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。

2) 不定式+形容词或形容词短语

Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。

He lay still for a long while, as if dead.

3) as if +介词短语

He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.

4) as if +现在分词

From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching

for someone.

John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来，似乎是等玛丽开口。

Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,

as though assessing the damage.

然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。

5) as if +名词

He acts as if (he was) a fool.

6) as if +副词

He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。

6. 对as if-从句认识上的一个误区

对于as if 的用法，一些人的认识上存在着一个误区，即把as

if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系。如1993年第10期《英语自学》中《浅谈

由as if (as

though)和wish引出的虚拟语气就明确指出：“在由as if (as

though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中，如果主句的谓语是一般时，那么其

从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式

(be用were)；反之，如果主句的谓语用一般过去时，那么从句谓语一般用“had

+过去分词”。这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合语言实际的。

实际上，as if和 as

though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关。本文前面列举的一些例句足以证明这一

点，《现代英语惯用法词典》上也有如下例句：

He looks as if he were ill.

He looked as if he were ill.

He looks as if he had been ill.

He looked as if he had been ill.

我们在前面也有过类似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时

的例句：

A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了

B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了。

（比较：I have been back for three months.）

26 as it is/was 实际上，照现状

例：Leave it as it is.

让它照现在的样子放在那儿。

I thought he would get better. As it is, he is getting worse.

我以为他会变好。但事实上，他愈变愈糟。

27 as it were 可以说，在某种程度上

例：He became, as it were, a man without a country.

他在某种程度上成了一个无国籍的人

I'd understood the words, but I didn't, as it were, understand the question.

字面的意思我懂了，但是可以说我并不能理解这个问题。

28 as soon as 一……就……；尽快

例：Come here as soon as you finish the work.

工作一结束你就到这里来。

29 be about to do sth 即将，正要做某事

例：be about to do:表即将做某事.

e.g The plane is about to take off.

但不能与时间状语连用,不能说

I am about to do my homework tomorrow.

只能和when从句连用 I was about to do my homework when my father came

in.

be about to 正准备去做，强调就在节骨眼上，“正准备上床睡觉，有人敲门” I was

about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door.

be going to 有打算去做，强调个人计划，“我打算去学驾驶” I am going to learn

driving. 1）如果主语是人，那它的意思是：打算好了做某事 2）如果是物作主语，那它的

意思是：将要... It is going to rain soon. 要/快下雨了。

be to do （根据计划、安排）应该、必须去做 “放学后去操场集合” You are to

gather on the playground after school.

will 只是临时的意愿，不一定必然发生。甲：“你头发长了，去理一下” 乙：“好的，

我会的。” "Your hair is too long. Go to have it cut." "OK, I will."

30 be addicted to 沉溺于

例：We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer.

我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏.

31 be based on 根据，以……为基础

例：We find her evidence to be based on a degree（程度） of oversensitivity

（过分敏感）.

我们认识到她提供的证据在一定程度上是出于过分敏感。

Action should be based on solid（结实的，可靠地） facts.

行动应有确凿的事实为依据.