什么是非法移民

什么是非法移民

？非法移民是什么意思？

通过非正常途径进行居住点的迁移，谋求改变地域身份的移民行为或活动，由于其不被接受国承

认、许可，被称为非法。

具体来说，非法移民是指两种情况下居留于所在国境内的外国人与无国籍者。一种为非法入境者。

另一种指虽然获得合法入境手续，但于所在国的居留超过合法的期限，成为非法逾期居留者。所谓的

非法入境即通过个人自发偷越国境，或者通过中间人（即通常所说的蛇头）组织，越过边防、海关进入

其他国家，就是所谓的“偷渡”。非法移民问题由来已久，自从出现现代民族国家，国家主权和民族

意识不断得到强化，出现了越来越严密的公民和出入境管理机制，非法移民问题也作为对立统一体随

之出现。20世纪80年代开始，全球化的进程不断加快，一大批发展中国家大力开辟国际市场，极大

地促进了世界范围内的经济和社会一体化。伴随这个进程，国际移民开始大量增加。由于现存的不合

理的国际经济秩序，不断加大了发展中国家与发达国家的差距，世界范围内的两极分化现象日趋严重，

国际反恐斗争的政治需要使发达国家进一步紧缩移民政策，一系列原因促使当前世界呈现非法移民日

益增加的趋势，对国家安全、社会稳定和国际关系的长远发展都产生着直接或间接的影响。非法移民

已经成为国际公认的非传统安全中的一种重要因素，引起部分国家和地区的重点关注。近几十年来，

国际政治、经济形势变化迅猛，对世界范围内的人口流动产生了很大的影响。据国际劳工组织统计，

1970年全球移民人数为8200万人，目前约有

1.9亿人，呈现大幅度上升的趋势。许多国家面临着巨大的移民压力。由于普遍担心对入境人口

管理失去控制和影响社会安全稳定，各国政府都采取更为严厉的对策。但这些单方面采取的措施非但

没有减少移民压力，反而使地下非法移民活动有所扩大和增加，偷渡和非法移民在全球范围内呈现出

扩大趋势。

非法移民现象加剧的主要动因促使当前全球范围内非法移民问题扩大的原因是多方面和复杂的，

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既有国际大背景的影响，也有经济发展规律的驱使，还有国家政策、社会因素的导向催化作用，综合

因素交织导致非法移民问题的扩大。（一）全球化发展形成了外部环境（二）经济发展不平衡提供了内

在动力（三）国家政策因素产生反弹作用

非法移民群体扩大产生的主要影响非法移民在世界范围内漫延扩大，对国际政治、经济秩序、国

际合作、对外交往和国家管理职能都带来很大的负面影响，连带引发的一系列问题涉及社会的稳定和

安全，令世人十分担忧，这是许多国家越来越关注非法移民的主要原因。（一）引发公众排外情绪，潜

在威胁公共安全和社会稳定（二）挑战国家法律，削弱政府权威（三）矛盾交织，增加了反恐行动的复

杂性（四）对难民庇护体制的冲击非法移民是一个全球性问题，在世界日益一体化发展的大趋势下，预

防和打击非法移民，需要发达国家和发展中国家真诚的国际合作。本着“共担责任、相互支持、尊重

主权、标本兼治”的原则，建立稳定、有效的法律规范和运作机制，拓宽正规移民渠道，严厉打击偷

渡和人口贩运活动，扩大对发展中国家的经济援助，加强多边框架内的协调配合，共同致力于建立公

正合理的国际新秩序，从根本上消除非法移民产生的根源。

What is the illegal immigration? Illegal immigration is what meaning? The normal

waythrough the residential point migration, seeking to change the regional identity of

immigrants behavior or activities, due to its not being accepted in recognition, license,

knownas illegal.

Specifically illegal immigration is a two case residence in the territory of foreignersand

stateless persons. A kind of illegal immigrants. Another refers to although

obtained legal immigration, but in the country of residence over the legal limit,

becomeillegal overstayers. The so-called illegal immigration by individual spontaneous cross

the borderillegally, or through an intermediary ( often called snakehead ) organization, crossed

the border, customs in other countries, is the so-called " stowaway ".

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Illegal immigration problem long-standing, since the emergence of the

modern nation-state, sovereignty and national consciousness has been strengthened,

appearedmore and more tight citizenship and immigration management mechanism, the

issue of illegalimmigration also appeared as body of unity of opposites. Nineteen eighties

began the process ofglobalization is accelerated ceaselessly, a large number of developing

Chinese home energeticallyopen up international market, greatly contributed to the global

economic and social

integration. With this process, the international immigrants began to increase. Because of

theexisting of unreasonable international economic order, increasing the gap between

developing anddeveloped countries, the worldwide polarization phenomenon is serious with

each passing day, theinternational fight against terrorism and political needs of the developed

countries furthertightening of immigration policy, a series of reason makes current

world presents increasing trend of illegal immigrants, on national security, social

stabilityand international relations of the long-term development has a direct or indirect

impact. Illegalimmigration has become an internationally recognized non traditional security

one of theimportant factors, caused by some countries and regions the focus of attention.

In recent decades, international politics, economic situation changes rapidly, the

worldwide population floating influence. According to the International Labour

Organizationstatistics, in 1970 the global migration for the number 82000000, currently has

about 190000000people, has a substantial rise in the trend of. Many countries face enormous

migrationpressure. Due to concerns over immigration population management is out of

control and influencethe social stability and security, governments of all countries to take more

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stringent measures. But these unilateral measures instead of reducing immigration

pressures, butthe underground illegal immigration activities have expanded and increased,

smuggling and illegalimmigration in the global context presents a trend of expansion.

Illegal immigration phenomenon intensifies the main motive

To the scope of the current global illegal immigration expansion is the result of multiple

andcomplex, with both international background effect, also have economic development

trend, andnational policy, social factors oriented catalysis, comprehensive factors lead to the

issue of illegalimmigration expansion.

( a ) globalization development form the exterior environment( two) the imbalance of

economicdevelopment provided inherent power( three) national policy element produces a

rebound effect

Illegal immigrant groups to expand the main influence

Illegal immigration in the worldwide spread of international

politics, economy expands, order, international cooperation, foreign relations and

nationalmanagement functions have brought great negative effect, and triggered a series of

problems related to the safety and stability of the society, makes people worried, it is in

manycountries, more and more attention to the main reason for illegal immigrants.( a ) cause

thepublic to xenophobia, potential threats to public safety and social stability( two) challenge

thelaws of the state, weaken the authority of the government( three) contradiction

interweave, increased counterterrorism operations complexity( four) the asylum system

impact

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Illegal immigration is a global problem, in a world of

increasing integration development, preventing and combating illegal immigration,

developedcountries and developingcountries need sincere international cooperation. The

spirit of " sharedresponsibility, mutual support, respect for sovereignty, administer thoroughly

" principle, toestablish a stable, effective law system and operation mechanism, widen the

regular migrationchannels, smuggling and trafficking in persons, enlarge the economic aid to

the developingcountries, to strengthen coordination within multilateral frameworks, joint

endeavor to build ajust and reasonable new international order, fundamentally eliminate the

root cause of illegalimmigration.

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