高中英语选择性必修第一册全册各单元重点单词短语句式详解-Linux大棚

admin 管理员组

文章数量: 1087139

2024年3月11日发(作者：orderby索引失效)

人教版选择性必修第一册重点知识详解

Unit 1 People Of Achievement .............................................................................................. - 1 -

Unit 2 Looking Into The Future ........................................................................................... - 18 -

Unit 3 Fascinating Parks ......................................................................................................... - 34 -

Unit 4 Body Language ...................................................................................................... - 50 -

Unit 5 Working The Land ..................................................................................................... - 70 -

Unit 1 People Of Achievement

重点单词

crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的

典型例句

He wasn't there at the crucial moment(when he was needed most)．

紧要关头他却不在那里。

Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.

父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。

思维拓展

crucial factor/ issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定

be crucial to/for sth.对……至关重要

be ……是极其重要的

vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的

典型例句

If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or

hospital at once.

如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。

This matter is of vital importance to us.

这件事对我们来说至关重要。

思维拓展

be vital to/for sth. 对……极为重要的

It is vital to do sth. 做……很重要

It is ……是十分重要的

It's vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.

我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。

误区警示

It is vital＋句型中从句要用should＋do虚拟结构，should可省略。

vt.承诺；保证某个人、机构等 vi.忠于；全心全意投入工作、活动等

典型例句

Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.

借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。

思维拓展

commit v．犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证

commit sb./ sth.将某人/事交给某处保留

commit sb./oneself to sth./doing sth./to do sth.承诺(做)某事

commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉

committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的

committee n．委员会

evaluate vt.评价；评估

典型例句

I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.

没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。

Learn to evaluate all situations you find.

学着去评估你发现的所有情况。

distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的

典型例句

His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。

思维拓展

distinction n．差别；区分；卓著

We should learn to make a distinction between right and wrong.

我们应该学会分清是非。

She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.

她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。

boil vt.& vi.使沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点

典型例句

(1)vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开

The water is beginning to boil.

水开始沸腾。

Boil the egg for three minutes.

把鸡蛋煮三分钟。

(2)n.沸腾；沸点

Bring the soup to the boil, then allow it to simmer for five minutes.

把汤煮开，然后文火煮五分钟。

思维拓展

boiling water 沸水(即处于100℃的开水)

boiled water 白开水(烧开过的水)

obtain vt.尤指经努力获得；赢得 vi.规章、习俗等存在；流行

典型例句

I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.

我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。

These conditions no longer obtain.

这些条件不再适用。

思维拓展

obtain advice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/应许

obtainable adj.可获得的；可得到的

acknowledge vt.承认属实、权威等；公开感谢

典型例句

Do you acknowledge that you've been wrong?

你承不承认你错了？

We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.

我们希望对这所大学所提供的支持表示感谢。

思维拓展

acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事

It is universally ……是大家公认的

acknowledge oneself beaten承认失败

acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼，问候

acknowledge sb.'s letter向某人表示信已收到

acknowledge sb./ be...承认某人/某物是……；认为……是

acknowledge that承认……

acknowledge ...＝accept 认为/接受某人是/成为……

acknowledge sth.以……感谢某人

acknowledgement n．承认；感谢

defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜

典型例句

John snow defeats “king cholera”

约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫

Li Na defeated her opponent and won the first in the final of the French Open in 2011.

在2011年法国网球公开赛决赛中，李娜击败对手获得了冠军。

The proposal was defeated by 16 votes to 6.

因16票反对，6票赞成，该提议未能通过。

(2)n.[C，U]失败

The Brazil national football team suffered a defeat in the World Cup.

巴西国家足球队在世界杯上被击败了。

易混辨析

defeat, beat, win

defeat

beat

win

analyse vt.分析

击败，强调过程和结果

打败；(连续)击打

赢得；获胜

宾语是对手

宾语是game或prize等

典型例句

We should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything.

我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。

思维拓展

analysis n．分析，它的复数形式是analyses。

analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的

His analysis was always convincing.

他的分析总是令人信服的。

I want a detailed report of all the analyses.

我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。

Many compounds are analysable.

许多化合物是可分解的。

apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然

典型例句

Apparently, they are getting married soon.

很显然，他们要结婚了。

I thought he had found a new job, but apparently he hasn't.

我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。

思维拓展

apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的

It was apparent from her face that she was really excited.

从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。

It soon became apparent to all that he couldn't solve the problem.

很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。

insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求

典型例句

They always insist on high quality.

他们一贯坚持高质量。

Her parents insisted on speaking to the headmaster.

她父母坚持要和校长谈话。

She insisted on him wearing a suit.

她坚持要他穿西装。

He insisted that he had seen a ghost.

他坚持说自己见到鬼了。

思维拓展

insist on sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事

insist on/upon doing sth.坚持要做某事

insist on/upon one's doing sth.坚持要求某人做某事

特别提示

insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：

词意宾语从句

坚持要求

坚持认为；坚持说

宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(should＋)do”结构。

宾语从句使用陈述语气。

Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Smith insisted that Tom (should) be put in prison.

由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。

conclusion n.结论；推论

典型例句

We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.

从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。

思维拓展

make a conclusion下结论

come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论

in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)

jump/leap to conclusions/the 匆忙下结论，贸然断定

conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出



with sth.

conclude (sth.)



以……结束(……)



by doing sth.



sth.

conclude



(从……)推断出/断定……



from ...

(to be)．..断定……(是)……

Let us conclude our meeting with a song.

请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。

What do you conclude from the facts?

从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？

flee vi.& ，fled迅速离开；逃跑

典型例句

He spent six months in prison before fleeing the country.

他在逃离那个国家之前坐了六个月的牢。

Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.

二战开始时，很多德国艺术家逃到了美国。

易混辨析

flee与escape

flee只说明动作，不强调结果；escape逃离，结果是成功的。

The enemy fled in disorder but only a few of them narrowly escaped death.

敌人纷纷逃跑，但只有少数侥幸逃生。

circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况

典型例句

In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.

在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。

I know I can trust the woman in any circumstances.

我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。

思维拓展

in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此

in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)

found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在

典型例句

The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.

这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建的。

His theory is founded on facts.

他的理论是建立在事实基础之上的。

易混辨析

found，find

动词原形

found

find

过去式

founded

found

过去分词

founded

found

释义

建立

发现

变化规律

规则动词

不规则动词

思维拓展

be founded on/upon sth.(＝be based on)建立在某基础之上；建在某物之上

founder n. [C] 创立者；奠基者

foundation n. [C，U]基础；建立

theory n.理论；学说

典型例句

One theory about the moon is that it is a piece broken off from the earth.

有一种关于月球的学说认为它是地球分离出的一部分。

This theory should be proved before it is used.

在运用这个理论前要对它进行证明。

思维拓展

in theory ([反] in practice) 理论上

Your plan is good in theory, but does it work in practice?

你的计划在理论上不错，但实施起来行吗？

gentle adj.温柔的；文静的

典型例句

I like her gentle voice.

我喜欢她温和的声音。

He eats in a gentle way.

他吃饭的样子很文雅。

易混辨析

gentle, soft

gentle

soft

侧重指人或其他方面“体贴的；温和的”，含有安慰、爱抚等意思。

侧重指人说话声音低或说话怕被人听见，意思是“轻声的”，指物时，表示“柔软的”。

Arthur was a very gentle, caring person.

亚瑟是一个非常温柔体贴的人。

The soft music sounds very pleasing to the ear.

那轻柔的音乐听起来十分悦耳。

gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地

典型例句

Gradually，the children began to understand it.

孩子们渐渐开始明白这件事了。

They gradually improved their work.

他们逐渐地改善了工作。

思维拓展

gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的

Recovery from the disease is very gradual.

这种病的康复过程很缓慢。

consequence n.结果；后果

典型例句

I'm quite willing to take the consequences of my actions.

我很愿意承担自己行动的后果。

He studied hard，and in consequence he passed the exam.

他努力学习，因此通过了考试。

思维拓展

in consequence





因此，结果(＝as a result)

as a consequence



as a/in consequence of＝as a result of由于……

take the 承担……的后果

be of no/great consequence 无关紧要/非常重要

consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的

consequently adv.结果；因此

remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的

典型例句

That is indeed a remarkable thing.

那真是了不起的事情。

思维拓展

a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事业/才能

remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起

make a remark/ remarks on/ about就……发表意见；对……评头品足

make no remark什么也不说；不加评论

remark on/upon谈论/评论……

remarkably adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地

He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.

关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。

A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.

一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。

重点短语

pay attention to注意

to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，而且 attention 可被形容词 close, much, little 等

修饰。pay attention to 中的 attention 常前置用作“被动句的主语”或者用作“定语从句的先行词”

等。如：

典型例句

Pay close attention to what you are doing.

密切注意你现在所做的。

思维拓展

give/pay attention to(doing)．..注意……

catch/attract one's attention 引起某人的注意

bring one's attention 使某人注意某事(物)

draw/call one's attention to sth.使某人注意某事(物)

fix one's attention on sth.把某人的注意力集中在某事(物)上

lead to导致；造成后果

典型例句

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。

思维拓展

lead sth.





lead .



导致/造成某人做某事



lead to sth.



with the objective of以……为目的

典型例句

We all live with the objective of being happy.

我们活着是为了幸福。

思维拓展

the main/primary/principle objective主要/首要/重要目标

meet/achieve your objective实现你的目标

set objectives设立目标

with the hope of怀有……的希望

with the purpose of怀有……的目的

with the aim of怀有……的目的

with the intention of有……的意向

get stuck卡住；陷入；被难住

典型例句

This drawer keeps getting stuck.

这个抽屉动不动就卡住。

思维拓展

get lost 迷路 get punished 受惩罚

get divorced 离婚 get washed 洗脸

get separated 被分开 get paid 得到报酬

get dressed 穿衣服 get married 结婚

get engaged 订婚 get drunk 喝醉

by chance 碰巧；凑巧

典型例句

I met an old friend at the airport by chance yesterday.

昨天我在机场偶然遇见了一位老朋友。

思维拓展

take a chance 冒险

take one's chances 碰运气

We took a chance on the weather to have the party outside.

我们冒着天气变化的危险到户外聚会。

He took his chances to find a job in a big city.

他到一座大城市去碰运气找工作。

other than除……以外通常用于否定陈述后

典型例句

He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan.

除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。

There's nobody here other than me.

除了我这里没别人。

I have not studied foreign languages other than English.

除了英语外，我没学过其他外语。

思维拓展

rather than意为“而不是，而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其……，倒不

如……”，前后两端所连的词性是一致的，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中rather than

前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句

等，有时可用介词短语instead of替代。

He was engaged in writing a letter rather than(＝instead of) reading the newspaper.

他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。

John ought to go rather than(＝instead of) Jean.

应该去的是约翰，而不是珍。

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.

这些鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来倒很舒服。

Evans is a historian rather than a writer.

与其说埃文斯是个作家，不如说他是个史学家。

change one's mind 改变主意

典型例句

I've changed my mind.I don't want to go out.

我改变主意了，我不想出去了。

See if you can change his mind about going with us.

看看你能否让他改变主意，不要和我们一起去。

思维拓展

make up one's mind下决心

lose one's mind发疯

keep mind记住某事

to my mind在我看来

bring/call mind回想起某事

care about 关心；忧虑；惦念；在意

典型例句

The young should care about the old.

年轻人应该关心老人。

I don't care about whether he leaves or not.

我不在乎他离不离开。

思维拓展

care for＝take care of 照顾

care to do sth.愿意做某事；想要做某事

take care 注意；当心

with care 当心；仔细地

serve as充当，担任

典型例句

The general had served as a soldier in the earlier war.

在早期的战争中，这位将军曾当过士兵。

The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.

沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。

manage to do设法做成

典型例句

Do you believe you can manage to finish the work in an hour?

你认为你能在一小时内完成这项工作吗？

Though we left home very late, we managed to catch the last bus.

尽管我们出门很晚，但我们赶上了末班车。

思维拓展

manage it 表示“完成；能对付得了；能应付”，常用在交际用语中。

—Can I help you, Madame?

——女士，需要帮忙吗？

—Oh, thanks, but I can manage it myself.

——噢，谢谢。我自己能行。

易混辨析

manage to do sth., try to do sth.

(1)manage to do sth.表示“成功地做了某事”，重在结果，相当于 succeed in doing sth.。

We managed to get there on time.

我们设法按时到达了那里。(结果是按时到达了)

(2)try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事，设法做某事”，重在动作，但并不一定成功，相当于

attempt to do sth.。

We tried to get there on time.

我们尽力按时赶到那里。(不知是否成功)

come to power 当权；上台

典型例句

When he came to power, he broke his promise of reducing tax.

他当权后就不再遵守减少税收的诺言了。

思维拓展

be in power 当权；执政

易混辨析

come to power, be in power

come to power为非延续性动词短语，不与时间段连用；be in power为延续性动词短语，

可与时间段连用。

De Gaulle came to power in 1958.

戴高乐于1958年开始执政。

The young king had been in power for seven years.

那位年轻的国王已经掌权七年了。

take up开始从事；占用；花去

典型例句

When did he take up football?

他是什么时候开始踢足球的？

The work took up all his time.

那工作花费了他所有的时间。

思维拓展

take back收回；取回

take down写下，记下；拆散

take in吸收；领会；欺骗

take off脱下；起飞

take on雇用；呈现；承担

take over接管，接任

be mistaken for被错认为……

典型例句

But tolerance can be mistaken for kindness.

但容忍会被错认为仁慈。

思维拓展

mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的

be mistaken about对……持错误的见解

mistake sb./sth.误解/误会某人/某事

mistake n．错误

make a mistake犯错误

by mistake错误地

If I'm not mistaken, that's the man we saw on the bus.

要是我没认错人的话，我们在公共汽车上看见的就是那个男子。

He is mistaken about happiness.

他对幸福持有错误的见解。

This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black.

这次我们发现，蜜蜂错把红色当成深灰色或黑色。

I hope you will forgive me for opening your letter by mistake.

我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。

sum up总结；概括；判断；估量

典型例句

To sum up, there are three main ways of dealing with the problem.

概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。

Can I just sum up what we've agreed so far?

我能否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？

She quickly summed up the situation and took control.

她很快就看出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。

思维拓展

sum n．金额；总和；全部

in sum总而言之

summary n．总结；概要

summarize vt.总结；概括；概述

apart from 除……之外还有

典型例句

Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.

他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙还有一座别墅。

I have finished all apart from the last question.

除了最后一道题，我都做完了。

易混辨析

apart from, besides/in addition to, except, except for, except that

apart from相当于besides 和 in addition to。它还可表示“除了……以外”，用于所言不包

括的人或事物前，相当于except。

◆besides/in addition to 除了……以外(还有)。除去的部分包含在整体之内

◆except 除了……以外。除去的部分不在整体之内

◆except for 除了……以外。从细节方面对整体进行修正，除去的部分与整体一般不是

同一类事物

◆except that 除了……以外(都)。that 引导从句，有时可省略

to one's surprise使某人惊讶的是

典型例句

To my surprise, he came on time.

使我惊讶的是，他按时来了。

Much to my surprise, they offered me the job.

使我非常惊奇的是，他们把那份工作给了我。

思维拓展

much to one's surprise令某人十分惊讶

to one's delight/joy 使某人高兴的是

to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是

to one's astonishment 使某人惊讶的是

put forward提出；拨快；将……提前；推荐

典型例句

Who put forward a theory about black holes?

谁提出了黑洞理论？

思维拓展

put up with 忍受，容忍

put aside 搁置；不理睬；储蓄

put away 把……收起来；储蓄

put off 推迟，延期

put through 使经受；接通(电话)

put out 熄灭；出版；生产

put back 将……放回原处；推迟

put together 放在一起

put up 举起；张贴；建造；为……

提供住宿；推荐；提出

in particular 尤其，特别

典型例句

I noticed his eyes in particular，because they were very big.

我特别注意到他的眼睛，因为那双眼睛很大。

It was a good concert.I enjoyed the last song in particular.

这是一场不错的音乐会。我尤其喜欢最后那首歌。

思维拓展

particular adj.特别的，特殊的；讲究的，挑剔的

be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究

She is very particular about her clothes.

她对衣着特别挑剔。

重点句型

sinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is_thought_to_save

100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.

青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。

句式分析

be thought to do sth.被认为……，该句型可以转化为It is/was 。本句可以转

化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that

Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.。

At school he was thought to have an attitude problem.(＝It was thought that he had an attitude

problem at school.)

上学时他被认为态度有问题。

Land animals are thought to have developed from sea animals.(＝It was thought that land

animals have developed from sea animals.)

陆地动物被认为是从海洋动物进化而来的。

1967， the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of

discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers

chosen.

1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其

中首批入选的研究人员。

句式分析

(1)这是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with 作第一个分句

的状语，表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。

(2)第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语，修饰the first researchers。

思维拓展

过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：

①可表示被动和动作已完成





②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语



时多后置





③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句

A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.

均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。

Have you read the novels written by Dickens(＝which were written by Dickens)?

你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？

_hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,

当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……

句式分析

在本句中，“介词upon＋动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可换为介

词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作

“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。

Upon graduating, he joined a small law firm.

一毕业他就加入了一个小型律师事务所。

Upon finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever

written.

我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。

struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what

was happening to their fellow countrymen.

令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。

句式分析

(1)在本句中，It 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语的常见句型：

①It is＋名词(a fact，a good idea, a pity, a shame, no wonder)＋主语从句

②It is＋形容词(necessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful) ＋主语从句

③It＋不及物动词(happens，doesn't matter，occurs to sb.)＋主语从句

④It is＋过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed)＋主语从句

It is important that he should know about this.

重要的是他应该知道此事。

It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.

据说他已经去了上海。

(2) 本句中“It struck him that”表示“他突然感到(觉得)……”。struck可用hit /occured to替

换。如：

It hit/struck/occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.

我突然想到以前在什么地方见过他。

It struck me that she had come to borrow money.

我忽然想到她是来借钱的。

(3)句中what was happening to their fellow countrymen是what引导的名词性从句，作介词

about的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在

从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

What caused the accident remains unknown.

是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)

This book will show you what should be known by good teachers.

这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)

Our city isn't what it used to be.

我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)

思维拓展

what 和that引导名词性从句的异同：

that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词

性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。

this， he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness， but the

spiritual illness of people at that time.

由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。

句式分析

意为“不是……而是……”，可用于连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介

宾短语或分句等。

Not he but his brother is to blame.

该受责备的是他弟弟而不是他。

He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.

他失败不是因为他不聪明，而是因为他工作不努力。

思维拓展

连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语与 but 后的成

分在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的结构还有 , ., but

(also)．.., there be 句型等。

Not the workers but the manager is responsible for that.对那件事负责的是经理而不是工人

们。

Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们在津津有味

地看着这部电影，他们的老师也是如此。

Why dose Dr Wang say “money isn't everything”？

为什么王博士说“金钱不是万能的”？

句式分析

not everything是一个部分否定句。表示“全体”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both,

every, everything, everyone, everywhere, always等与否定词not连用构成部分否定。

All answers are not correct.(＝Not all the answers are correct.)

不是所有的答案都正确。

Both of them don't smoke.(＝Not both of them smoke.)

不是他们俩都抽烟。

Every man is not honest.(＝Not every man is honest.)

并不是每个人都诚实。

思维拓展

表示完全否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示完全否定。该类词有none,

neither, nothing, nobody, no等。

Neither of them likes sports.

他们俩都不喜欢运动。

None of these things are mine.

这些东西都不是我的。

Nothing is ready.

一切都没准备好。

made numerous contributions to the world， the most well-known being the general

theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc

他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式E＝mc

。

句式分析

the most well-known being属于“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构相

当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。

思维拓展

独立主格结构形式归纳：

①名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)

②名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)

③名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)

④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状

态)

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

More time given, we should have done it much better.

若给更多时间，我们会做得更好。

The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.

那位猎人手拿着枪进了树林。(不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand)

working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge， he continued to study， earning

a doctorate in physics in 1905.

在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，1905年获得物理学博士学位。

典型例句

句中时间状语从句While working there用了省略形式，补充完整为While he was working

there。状语从句的省略有两种情况：

①若从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含





有be，可省略从句中的主语和be；



②若从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be，it和be





可一同省略。

He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.

他在做功课时睡着了。

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.

年轻时你要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。

Fill in a proper preposition where (it is) necessary.

在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。

He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important.

他打开抽屉，仿佛要找什么重要的东西。

巧学助记

状语从句省略口诀：

时、条、让、方、地，

主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜；

从句主语是it，省去it's也可以。

in， who was Jewish， found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.

爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。

句式分析

本句是复合句。who was Jewish是非限制性定语从句。主句中found接复合宾语，宾语

是doors，宾语补足语是closed。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系，故此处使用过去分词。

思维拓展

“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构的具体形式：



过去分词

find＋宾语



名词

名词或代



介词短语

词＋宾补



形容词



副词

现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行

表示被动和动作已经完成

We found our mother waiting for us to have dinner.

我们发现妈妈正在等我们吃晚饭。

18 April 1955， it was reported that Einstein had passed away， and the whole world

mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀

悼。

句式分析

“It is/was said/reported/believed/＋thatclause”句型意为“据说/据报道/大

家认为/众所周知/人们认为……”，此句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。

以上这种句型可以转换成下面的两种句型：

People say/report/believe/＋that-clause







said/reported/believed/





to do/have done sth.

据说她能妙手回春。

→It is said that she is as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

→People say that she is as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

→She is said to be as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

Unit 2 Looking Into The Future

重点单词

persuade vt.劝说；说服

典型例句

I finally persuaded her into going out for a drink with me.

我最终说服她跟我出去喝一杯。

The hunter persuaded us not to walk/out of walking through the thick forest alone.

猎人说服我们不要独自穿越茂密的丛林。

思维拓展



into out of doing sth.

说服某人



sb.＋







not to do sth.

不做某事

persuade





of sth.

使某人相信……





sb.＋





I've persuaded him to stop smoking by advising him many times.

通过多次劝告，我说服他戒了烟。

巧学助记

advise(劝说)不一定 persuade(说服)。“劝而不服”应为try to persuade to do，相当于advise

do。

记忆联想

fool/cheat /out of doing sth.欺骗某人做/不做某事

vt.转换；交换 vt.& vi.使改变；转变 n.开关；转换器；改变

典型例句

(1)n.[C]开关；转换

Which switch do I press to turn it off?

我按哪个开关就能把它关了？

She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.

第一个孩子出生后她就从全职改为兼职了。

(2)vt.& vi.(使)转换

I parked the car and switched off the engine.

我停好车并关掉了发动机。

How do you switch this thing on?

这东西你怎么打开？

Could you switch the TV over?

请你换个电视频道好吗？

思维拓展

a switch in在……方面的转变

make a switch做出改变

switch ... to...(把……)由……转变为

switch on/off打开/关上(电器等)

switch over to转变；换频道

易混辨析

同是“开”“关”，动词各异：

①开/关(门、窗、盒子等)

open the door/window/box

close/shut the door/window/box

②开/关(收音机、电灯，电视等)

switch on the radio/light/TV

switch off the radio/light/TV

③开/关(收音机、电灯、水、煤气等)

turn on the radio/light/ water/gas

turn off the radio/light/water/gas

distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的

典型例句

The sun is distant from the earth.

太阳距地球很遥远。

This beautiful girl comes from a distant country.

这个美丽的女孩来自一个遥远的国家。

思维拓展

be distant from 距离远；不相似

distance n. [C，U]距离

in the distance/into the distance在远处

from a distance从远处

walking distance步行可达的距离

keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定距离

remote adj.遥远的，偏僻的

典型例句

What will mankind be like in the remote future?

在遥远的未来人类会变成什么样子？

His idea is remote from reality.

他的想法偏离现实。

He came from a remote village.

他来自一个偏僻的村落。

思维拓展

in the remote past/future在遥远的过去/将来

remote control遥控；遥控器

remote-controlled adj.可遥控的

a remote possibility/chance微乎其微的可能/机会

remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地；冷淡地，极小地

remoteness n．远离，遥远

routine n.常规；正常顺序 adj.常规的；日常的

典型例句

(1)n.常规；日常事务

We clean and repair the machines as a matter of routine.

我们定期清洗和修理机器。

(2)adj.通常的；例行的

A major electrical fault was found during a routine safety inspection.

在一次例行的安全检查中(检查人员)发现了重大的电路故障。

思维拓展

routine tests常规检查

a routine job/life平淡乏味的工作/生活

break up a dull routine打破沉闷的常规

routinely adv.常规地，例行地

Visitors are routinely checked as they enter the building.

来访者在进入大楼时都要接受例行检查。

preference n.[U]喜爱，偏爱；[C]偏爱的事物

典型例句

She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.

她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。

She has a preference for blue.

她偏爱蓝色。

思维拓展

in preference to 优先于……

have a preference for sth.偏爱某物

giveapreference to给……以优惠

prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿

prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事

prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B

preferdoingA todoingB喜欢做A胜过喜欢做B

instant n.瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的

典型例句

(1)n.[C](一般用单数)瞬间；片刻；某一时刻

Just for an instant I thought he would not accept our invitation.

我脑中有一闪念，以为他要拒绝我们的邀请。

You become a winner in an instant when you believe you can win.

当你在某一刻相信你能赢的时候，你就成了赢者。

(2)adj.紧迫的；立即的；立刻的；直接的；速溶的；即食的

The telegram asked for an instant reply.

这封电报要求立即回复。

He often eats out at an instant Chinese restaurant.

他经常在一家中式快餐馆吃饭。

思维拓展

(1)in an instant(＝immediately) 立刻

the instant (that) (＝as soon as)一……就……

(2)“一……就……”的其他表达方式：

the moment/minute/second＋从句

instantly/immediately/directly＋从句

on/upon＋n./v.-ing

I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.

我一看见她就把她认出来了。

adj.空全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt.获得；拴牢；保护

典型例句

(1)adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的

At last they were able to feel secure about the future.

他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。

(2)vt.获得；拴牢；保护

The team managed to secure a place in the finals.

球队拼得了决赛的一席之地。

思维拓展

a secure job/income 稳定的工作/收入

secure a contract/deal 订立合同；达成协议

security n．保护措施；安全工作；保卫部门

national security 国家安全

airport security 机场的安全措施

the security forces/services 安全部队/机构

financial security 财务担保

integrate vi.& vt.使合并；成为一体

典型例句

These programs will integrate with your existing software.

这些程序会和你原有的软件整合起来。

思维拓展

integrate into/with和……合成一体

integrate A and B ＝integrate A into/with B把A和B整合起来；把A和B合成一体

integrate /with sth.把某人融入

integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的

integration n．结合；整合；一体化；融合

command n.指令；命令；控制 vt.命令；控制

典型例句

The army is under the king's direct command.

军队由国王直接统率。

He's studied in the US and has a good command of English.

他在美国留过学，精通英语。

The manager commanded that he (should) leave at once.

经理命令他立刻离开。

思维拓展

at one's command 听某人吩咐

have a good command of 精通

in command (of sb.) 指挥；控制

take command of 控制某事

under one's command 在某人的指挥下

command do sth.命令某人做某事

特别提示

(1)command作名词表示“掌握”且前面有修饰语时，常加不定冠词。

(2)command作“命令”讲且后接主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要

用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。

obey vi.& vt.服从，顺从

典型例句

They refused to obey (the order)．

他们拒绝服从(这项命令)。

He always obeys his parents though they may be wrong sometimes.

他对父母一向顺从，即使有时他们也许错了。

思维拓展

obedience n．顺从

obedient adj.顺从的

disobey v．不服从

disobedience n．不服从

disobedient adj.不服从的

12.

potential n.潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的

典型例句

She has acting potential，but she needs to be trained.

她有表演潜力，但需要训练。

He has the potential to become a world-class musician.

他有潜力成为世界级音乐家。

思维拓展

potentially adv.潜在地

The bridge is potentially dangerous.

这座桥有潜在的危险。

relevant adj.相关的，切题的

典型例句

These facts are relevant to the case.

这些事实和此案有关。

Do you have the relevant experience?

你有相关经验吗？

思维拓展

be relevant to与……有关

be related to与……有关

be concerned with与……有关

be involved in与……有关

be associated with与……有关

relevance n．关联，贴切，中肯

relevantly adv.有关地；切题地

irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的

be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关

available adj.可获得的；可购得的；人有空的

典型例句

(1)可得到的；可利用的

I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.

对不起，这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。

Attention, tickets are available on the day of issue only.

请注意，这种票仅在发售当天有效。

(2)可接受探访的；可接见客人的

Is the manager available?

经理在不在？

The lawyer is not available now.

律师现在没空。

combine vt. & vi. 使联合；使结合

典型例句

They combined their efforts to finish the work.

他们联合彼此的力量完成了工作。

They combined against a common enemy.

他们联手对付共同的敌人。

思维拓展

combine A with B (＝combine A and B together) 把A与B结合

易混辨析

combine, connect, join

combine

connect

join

“结合；联合”，指为了一个目的而把两个以上的事物联系在一起。

事物(东西)不紧密地连接，也可用于抽象的联系(如姻亲关系)，后接 with/to。

指直接连接两物或两地，也可指两物紧密地连接，后接 to，不接 with。

We should combine work with pleasure.

我们应该劳逸结合。

I cannot connect to the Internet.

我无法连接因特网。

Where do the two streams join?

这两条小溪会在哪里交汇？

predict vt.预言，预测；预料

典型例句

Newspapers predicted that Davis would be re－elected.

报纸预言戴维斯将会再次当选。

It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be.

很难预测事故的长期影响是什么。

思维拓展

(1)prediction n. 预言；预测；预示

predictable adj. 可预言的；可预测的；可预示的

predictor n. 测位器；预言家

(2)前缀pre-表示“在……之前，预先”。

precaution n．预防；预防措施

prepay v．预付

preview n．& vt. 预习；预演

preread vt.预读

forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报

典型例句

The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers.

预报间晴，有阵雨。

Temperatures were forecast to reach 40℃.

预报气温将达40 ℃。

occupation n.职业；占领

典型例句

(1)[C] 工作；职业

Please state your name, age and occupation below.

请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。

(2)[C]消遣；业余活动

Her main occupation seems to be shopping.

逛商店购物似乎是她的主要消遣。

(3)[U]侵占；占领；占领期

The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas.

被占领地区拥有主要的工业区。

(4)[U] (formal) (土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用，居住，占用

The offices will be ready for occupation in June.

办公室将于六月交付使用。

思维拓展

occupy vt. 占据；占有；占领

occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于

occupied adj.使用中；忙碌的

be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事

oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠

典型例句

My mother opposed the new plan.

我妈妈反对这个新计划。

I oppose/am opposed to drunk driving.

我反对酒后驾车。

思维拓展

oppose sth./doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.

反对某人做某事强调动作

oppose /against sth.使……与……对立/对抗

opposite adj.对面的，另一边的；相反的，对立的

opposed adj.反对的，对立的

be opposed to sth.反对某事

误区警示

(1)oppose后若接动词，则用其动名词形式，而不用动词不定式；

(2)be opposed to表示“反对”时相当于be against；表示“与……相对”时相当于be opposite

to；

(3)表示支持的词(组)：favour，in favour of，be for，agree with，support；表示反对的词(组)：

disagree with，be against，oppose。

cease vi.& vt.使停止；终止

典型例句

Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.

一旦就业，即停发福利救济。

思维拓展

cease to do sth.停下来去做

cease (doing) sth.停止(做)某事

wonders will never cease(表示惊喜)真是无奇不有，怪事何其多

cessation n．停止；终止；中断；暂停

cessation of business暂停营业

absence n.不存在；缺乏；缺席

典型例句

What was the real reason for your absence?

你缺席的真正原因是什么？

Please look after my house during my absence.

我不在时，请帮我照看房子。

思维拓展

absence from classes缺课

in one's absence在某人不在的时候

absence of mind心不在焉

in the 不在时

absent adj.缺席的；不在的

be absent from缺席；缺少；不存在

absently adv.心不在焉地

22.

advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n.提倡者，支持者；拥护者

典型例句

(1)vt.拥护，支持，提倡，主张

I don't advocate building a factory around our school.

我不支持在我们学校周边建立工厂。

(2)n.[C]拥护者，提倡者

He is an advocate for/of hospital workers.

他是医院工作人员的支持者。

思维拓展

advocate(doing)sth.提倡(做)某事

advocate＋that-clause提倡/主张……(从句谓语用should do，should可省略)

an advocate for/of ……的支持者/拥护者

resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡

典型例句

I couldn't resist having a look at her diary.

我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。

思维拓展

(1)be hard/impossible to resist 难以拒绝

resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物

can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事

resist doing sth.抑制干某事

(2)resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的

be resistant to 对……有抵抗力

(3)resistance n．抗拒；反对

I was in their power, and knew it was pointless to resist.

我在他们股掌之中，知道抵抗毫无意义。

There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.

这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。

易混辨析

can't resist doing sth., can't help doing sth., can't help do sth.

can't 无法抗拒……的诱惑，忍不住干……；can't help doing 情不自禁地

做……；can't help do sth.不能帮忙做……

All the students surrounding me crying, I can't help crying.

我周围的学生都在哭，我情不自禁地哭了。

重点短语

as to 关于；至于

典型例句

I enjoy as to my sister, she enjoys playing tennis.

我喜欢游泳。但至于我妹妹，她喜欢打网球。

思维拓展

as to 相当于 as for，一般用于句首或分句句首，引出短语作状语，暗含转折意味。

You think this is rather cheap, but as for me, it is expensive.

你认为这相当便宜，但是对我来说这很昂贵。

catch fire 着火

典型例句

There is a thick covering of leaves in the forest, which are very easy to catch fire.

森林中有厚厚的一层树叶，它们是非常容易着火的。

思维拓展

catch fire 强调的是动作，不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

on fire 强调的是状态，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

in this sense 从这种意义上来讲

典型例句

In this sense, children and adults have equal rights.

从这个意义上说，儿童和大人享有同样的权利。

思维拓展

a strong sense of purpose/identity/duty 明确的目标/很强的个性意识/很强的责任感

in a sense (＝ in one way) 从某种意义上说

in no sense 绝不 (放在句首，句子用部分倒装)

make sense有道理；有意义；讲得通

make sense of sth.理解；弄懂(不易理解的事物)

make no sense 无意义；讲不通；无道理

There's no sense in doing sth.做某事无意义

in particular 尤其，特别

典型例句

Drew made some remarks to nobody in particular and said goodbye.

德鲁说了一些不针对任何人的话就告辞了。

Why should he notice her car in particular?

他为什么会特别注意到她的车？

思维拓展

in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外

be particular about/over sth.对……讲究/挑剔

the on the other hand 一方面……，另一方面……

典型例句

This will certainly bring some new development opportunities for China economy on the one

hand, but on the other hand they are also full of challenges especially for the port industries.

这为中国经济的发展带来了新的机遇，但对港口企业来说也必然受到冲击。

思维拓展

(1)on the on the other hand 一方面……，另一方面……(表示相矛盾的两个方

面)

for 首先……，其次……；一则……，二则……

(2)on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the

other hand可以单独使用。

provide sth.为某人提供某物

典型例句

The peasants provide us with grain and vegetables.＝The peasants provide grain and

vegetables for us.

农民供给我们粮食和蔬菜。

思维拓展

offer .





主动给某人提供某物

offer sb.



supply sb.





给某人供应某物

supply sth.



rather than 与其；不愿；而不是

典型例句

Rather than going straight on to university, why not get some work experience first?

与其直接上大学，为什么不先取得一点工作经验呢？

Bryson decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.

布赖森决定辞职，而不是接受新的规定。

I think you'd call it a lecture rather than a talk.

我说啊，这是训斥，而不是谈话。

思维拓展

other than 除了

or rather 更确切地说

ather





would



宁愿做……



而不愿做……

prefer ather



方法规律

rather than 作连词用，连接两个并列成分；连接主语时，谓语动词的数与其前面的成分

保持一致。

He, rather than you, is on duty today.

是他而不是你今天值日。

in touch ( )(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)

典型例句

We're a tight group, so we do keep in touch.

我们关系很铁，所以的确保持着联系。

Remember to keep in touch with him when you go abroad.

你出国时要和他保持联系。

思维拓展

get in touch with与……取得联系

lose touch with与……失去联系

cut down 削减；删节；砍倒

典型例句

The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.

医生劝他少喝酒。

Cut down on fatty food if you want to lose weight.

如果想减肥的话就得少吃高脂食物。

You should cut down what you wrote in your paper.

你应该把你的论文内容删减一下。

He used to cut down trees but he plants trees now.

他过去砍树，而现在植树。

思维拓展

cut away 切下；砍掉

cut off 中止；切断

cut across 走捷径

cut out 删除；遮挡

cut back 削减；缩减

cut short 缩短；打断

cut in 超车；插嘴

cut up 切碎；抨击

重点句型

lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV

programmes， and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.

你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目会自动播放，而且你会

发现晚餐已为你准备好了。

句式分析

句中的 the instant (that)起连词作用，表示时间，意思是“一……就……”，that常省略。

I recognised her the instant(＝as soon as) I saw her.

我一眼就认出她了。

思维拓展

“一……就……”的表达方式：



once



immediately/directly/instantly



the moment/the second/the instant/the minute

主句常用过去完成时，从句常



用一般过去时



主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般



过去时



on/upon doing

The moment I got your message, I left for your home.

我一收到你的信息就去你家了。

We had hardly sat down at the table when he came in.

我们刚在桌旁落座，他就进来了。

as soon as

heless， it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new

technology.

然而，大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。

句式分析

本句中before 引导时间状语从句。before 引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过

了……(时间)才……”“还没来得及……就……”和“在……之前”。

They walked about 30 miles before they saw a village.

他们走了大约30英里才看到一个村庄。

思维拓展

before 常用句型：

(1)“It was＋时间段＋”意为“过了多久才……”，从句常用一般过去时。

(2)“It was not ”意为“不久就……”，从句常用一般过去时。

(3)“It will not be ”意为“不久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。

(4)“It will be＋时间段＋”意为“要过多久才……”，从句常用一般现在时。

It was three days before he came back.

过了三天他才回来。

It was not long before he got a rise.

没多久他就升了职。

It won't be long before he returns from abroad.

不久他就会从国外回来。

It will be two years before my sister graduates from university.

我姐姐要过两年才大学毕业。

3 (For example， the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that you

would no longer have to turn switches on and off， making your home more energy-efficient.

例如，智能家居可以控制空调和灯光，这样你就不必再打开和关闭开关，使你的家更加

节能。

句式分析

(1)本句中so that引导结果状语从句，意为“结果，所以”。so that还可以引导目的状语

从句，意为“为了，以便于”。

He sat at the corner so that he survived the accident.

他坐在角落里，所以在事故中逃过一劫。(结果)

They take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.

他们参加奥运会为的就是给祖国赢得荣誉。(目的)

(2)本句中making your home more energy-efficient是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺理

成章的结果。

思维拓展

so that引导结果状语从句：从句时态表明动作已经发生。so that引导目的状语从句：从

句中常有will，would；can，could；may, might等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。

易混辨析

现在分词/不定式作结果状语

非谓语

现在

分词

不定式

区别

现在分词作结果状语，常表自然而然

的、意料之中的结果。

不定式作结果状语，常表相反或出乎

例句

Trees were blown down，blocking

roads.

树被刮倒，堵塞了道路。

I rushed to the school，only to find it

意料的结果，含有“没想到，结果却，was Sunday.我急忙朝学校跑去，结果

不料”之意。其前常加only表强调。发现是星期天。

ly the most well known are the Amish， a group of Christians living in rural America.

最著名的可能是阿米什人，一群生活在美国农村的基督教徒。

句式分析

a group of Christians作前面the Amish的同位语；living in rural America是现在分词短语作

后置定语，修饰前面的名词Christians并与之构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

思维拓展

现在分词和过去分词都可用作定语，它们的区别有两点：

①现在分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示分词与所

修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系。

I like books written by Zhang Ailing.

我喜欢张爱玲写的书。(write与books之间为动宾关系)

Do you know the woman wearing a pair of glasses?

你认识那个戴眼镜的妇女吗？(the woman与wear之间为主谓关系)

②现在分词意为“令人……的”，表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感受；过去分词意为“……

的”，强调被修饰的人自身的感受。

We're surprised at the astonishing news.

这条令人震惊的消息使我们大吃一惊。(表示消息令人震惊)

Did you notice the puzzled expression on his face?

你注意到他脸上困惑的表情了吗？(表示他很困惑)

er， the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily

even if they are on opposite sides of the world.

此外，互联网使朋友和家人即使在世界的另一边也能很容易地保持联系成为可能。

句式分析

(1)本句是复合句，主句中使用了句型make＋it ＋ adj./n.＋ for do，其中it是形

式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。

(2)even if引导了让步状语从句。even if相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”。even

if/though引导的让步状语从句可用现在时代替将来时。

Even if you take a taxi, you will still miss the train.

即使你乘出租车也赶不上这班火车了。

Even if we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad for our vacation.

即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不出国度假。

思维拓展

“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”(即“6123结构”)小结：

①6指常用的动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel

②1指形式宾语it

③2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词

④3指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、从句

I must make it clear that I'll always support you.

我必须说清楚，我会一直支持你的。

He found it impossible to continue working in Germany.

他发现不可能继续在德国工作了。

Do you consider it any good trying again?

你认为再试一次有用吗？

6 (Of course， when new technology changes the way we live， it can be a scary prospect.

当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。

句式分析

本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句；该时间状语从句中the way(方式)后接定

语从句we live，引导词that/in which在从句中作方式状语，已经省去。

思维拓展

way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式：

①of doing sth.







②从句，从句引导词





③to do sth.

在从句中作主语时：which/that







在从句中作宾语时：which/that，可省略





在从句中作状语时：that/in which，可省略

There are many ways of learning a language.

学习一种语言的方法有很多种。

The way he thought of to get the task done is not practical.

他想出的完成该任务的这一方法不实用。

The way (which/that) you told me last Sunday worked well.

上周日你告诉我的那个方法很管用。

The way (that/in which) you treat your children is not wise.

你对待孩子的方法不明智。

I couldn't agree more.

我完全同意。

句式分析

此句是用比较级表示最高级含义，其结构是“表示完全否定意义的词＋比较级”。

I have never seen a better film.

我没看过比这部更好的电影。

思维拓展

比较级表示最高级意义的常用结构：





the other＋名词复数

(1)比较级＋than＋



any other＋名词单数

any of the other＋名词复数





anything/anyone else

汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。

all the other＋名词复数

(2)表示否定意义的词＋形容词/副词的比较级(＋than)

Tom is more intelligent than any other student/all the other students in his class.

Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class.

李洋在班里学习最努力。

Nothing is easier than this.

这是最容易的事。

There is nothing better.

再好不过了。

As you can imagine，the skies over the city get pretty busy！

正如你可以想象的，城市的天空变得非常繁忙！

句式分析

句中As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个句子。as在非限制性定语从句中作主

语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通

常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。但通常用于像as we all know,

as is known to all, as is said above, as is always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as

is reported in the newspaper等句式中。

As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)

As you know, he wrote a lot of fairy tales.

你是知道的，他写了许多神话故事。(as在从句中作宾语)

He is absorbed in work, as is often the case.

他正在全神贯注地工作，这是常见的情况。(as在从句中作表语)

易混辨析

as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

关系词

which

意义

正如

这/那

先行词

整个主句

主句、个别

词或短语

从句位置

比较灵活

位于先

行词后

从句功能

补充说明

补充说明；先行词为整个

主句时，从句多表示结果

Unit 3 Fascinating Parks

重点单词

buffet

典型例句

(1)n. 自助餐；(火车)饮食柜台；(车站)快餐部

Dinner will be a cold buffet, not a sit-down meal.

主餐是自助冷食，不是坐着等服务员送来的那种。

(2)v.连续猛击；打来打去

Their plane had been severely buffeted by storms.

他们的飞机遭受到风暴的重创。

The nation had been buffeted by a wave of strikes.

罢工浪潮使这个国家受到了重创。

思维拓展

a buffet lunch/supper 自助午餐/晚餐

to be buffeted by the wind 被风吹得左右摇摆

edge

典型例句

(1)n.边；边缘；边线；刀刃

He stood on the edge of the cliff.

他站在悬崖边上。

They had brought the country to the edge of disaster.

他们使国家濒临灾难。

Be careful─it has a sharp edge.

小心点——这刀刃很锋利。

(2)vt.& vi.(使)徐徐移动；给……加边

She edged a little closer to me.

她慢慢地向我靠近了一些。

The handkerchief is edged with lace.

这条手绢镶着网眼花边。

思维拓展

be on edge紧张不安；激动；烦躁

on/at the 在……边上

take the edge off sth.减弱；使变钝；挫伤……的锐气

rough edges 瑕疵；美中不足之处

have/gain an edge on/over 比……占优势；胜过

edge sb./sth. out (of sth.)逐渐将……排挤出

vast adj.巨大的；辽阔的

典型例句

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

10亿美元是一笔巨款。

It is a vast desert.

那是一片辽阔的沙漠。

易混辨析

vast，huge

vast

huge

“广大的”，侧重于面积的极为开阔，如海洋、沙漠等，也指金额、数额等“巨大的”。

“巨大的”，强调体型、尺寸而非重量。

The huge palace was constructed at vast public expense.

这座庞大的宫殿是用巨额公费建造的。

ban

典型例句

①vt.禁止，取缔

He was banned from driving because of drinking.

由于喝酒他被禁止开车了。

②n.[C]禁令(多与介词on连用)

There is a ban on parking here.

这里禁止停车。

Smoking was put under a ban here.

这里禁止抽烟。

思维拓展

ban (doing)sth.禁止某人做某事

impose/introduce a/the ban on禁止……

lift/remove the 解除对……的禁令

a ban on sth.对某事的禁令

under a ban禁止……

accompany

典型例句

(1)vt. 陪同；伴随，与……同时发生。常用搭配：





accompany ...陪某人到……





be 与……同时发生



Mom asked me to accompany her to the supermarket.

妈妈要我陪她去超市。

The strong winds are accompanied by heavy little boy is helpless in the rain.

狂风夹着暴雨，小男孩儿在雨中很无助。

(2)vt. 为……伴奏。常用搭配：

accompany /on sth.用……为……伴奏

His mother accompanied him on the piano.

他母亲用钢琴为他伴奏。

思维拓展

accompanist n. 伴奏者

companion n. 伙伴，同伴

company n. 陪伴；公司，商号

keep y 陪伴某人，和某人做伴

adopt

典型例句

(1)vt.采用；采纳

The school has adopted a new teaching method.

学校采用了新的教学方法。

(2)vt.& vi.收养

The couple have adopted three children.

那对夫妇收养了三个孩子。

巧学助记

巧记形近词adopt和adapt：





①采用

opt选择→adopt(选取)→





②领养







①使适应

apt适合→adapt(使适合)→





②改编，改写



The young couple had no children of their own，so they adopted an a few

months，the child came to adapt to his new life.

这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，于是他们领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后，这个孩子渐渐适

应了他的新生活。

典型例句

Despite the short stay in this foreign country，he has soon adapted (adapt) himself to the new

environment.

bless vt.祝福

典型例句

They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them.

他们把孩子带到耶稣跟前，耶稣祝福了他们。

Fortune blessed her with success.

命运之神赐予她成功。

思维拓展

be blessed with sth./sb.赋有(能力等)；享有(幸福等)

bless you保佑你

God bless you(离别时的祝愿语)愿上帝保佑，祝一路平安

blessing n．幸事；准许

a blessing in disguise因祸得福；祸中有福

count your blessings知足

prohibit vt.尤指以法令禁止；阻止

典型例句

Fishing is prohibited.

禁止钓鱼。

Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.

苏联时代的公民被禁止出国旅游。

思维拓展

prohibit sth.禁止/阻止某事

prohibit doing sth.禁止/阻止某人做某事

prohibition n．【U】(尤指通过法律的)禁止，阻止；【C】禁令

prohibition against/on sth.某事的禁令

stretch vi.延伸；延续 vi.&vt.伸展；舒展

典型例句

Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see.

放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。

He stretched and yawned lazily.

他伸了伸懒腰，打了个哈欠。

思维拓展

stretch a rope tight把绳子拉紧

stretch oneself伸懒腰

stretch your legs (informal) (久坐之后)散散步，活动活动腿脚

stretch out＝stretch yourself out躺下(通常为休息或睡觉)

易混辨析

expand，extend，spread，stretch

expand

extend

spread

stretch

使(尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大，扩大(活动范围)。

延伸，延长(建筑或道路、时间等)，伸展(手臂、腿等), 扩大(控制、影响力等)。

把(物)铺开、张开，(疾病、感情、问题或火等)蔓延，(消息、思想等)流传，传播，

张开(手臂、双腿等)。

伸展，伸长，指事物长度、宽度中的一端向外伸长或两端一起伸长，一般指由曲

变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。

ahead adv.向前；在前面；提前

典型例句

(1)(时间、空间)向前面，在前面

I'll run ahead and warn them.

我要跑在前头，警告他们。

(2)提前；预先；提早

The party was planned weeks ahead.

聚会提前几个星期就已筹划好了。

(3)占优势；领先

Our team was ahead by six points.

我们队领先六分。

思维拓展

ahead of time/schedule 提前

go ahead 前进；进行；去做吧；着手；开始做

appeal

典型例句

①vi.有感染力/吸引力；呼吁

The film appeals to young people.

这部电影对年轻人很有吸引力。

②vi.上诉

I intend to appeal against this sentence.

我要对这个判决提起上诉。

③n.[C，U]呼吁，恳求；吸引力

The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.

警方呼吁公众保持镇静。

思维拓展

appeal to sb.吸引某人

appeal to sth.为某事呼吁某人

appeal to do sth.呼吁某人做某事

appeal(to sb./sth.)against sth.(向……)上诉……

make/launch an appeal to /to do sth.

呼吁某人做某事

wander vi.& vt.漫游；漫步；漂泊

典型例句

He keeps wandering up and down the street.

他在街上不停地闲逛。

A man was found wandering over the countryside.

人们发现有个人在乡间漫步。

amusement

典型例句

(1)n.[C]消遣；娱乐(活动)

There are not many amusements in this city.

这个城市的娱乐活动不多。(可数名词)

(2)n.[U]欢乐；快乐；发笑

I find amusement in collecting stamps.

我以集邮为乐。(不可数名词)

To her great amusement，the actor's wig fell off.

使她感到极其好笑的是，那个演员的假发掉了下来。

思维拓展

amuse vt.使高兴；使开心。和please“取悦于，让……高兴”是近义词。

be amused at/by以……为乐，对……感到好笑

amuse oneself with以……自娱

be amused to do 做……取乐

amusing adj.引起乐趣的；逗人发笑的

amused adj.感到逗乐的；觉得好笑的

to one's amusement使某人高兴/发笑的是

14.

swing n.[C]秋千；摇摆vt.&，swung摇摆；摆动

典型例句

He was swinging his bag back and forth.

他把包前后晃来晃去。

His arms swung as he walked.

他走路的时候摆着双臂。

The swing of his hair looks very funny when he is running.

他跑起来时，摆动的头发看起来很滑稽。

思维拓展

swing the lead装病偷懒

swing by短暂拜访

rare adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的

典型例句

These flowers are very rare in this country.

这些花在该国很稀有。

This is a rare stamp.

这是一枚珍贵的邮票。

思维拓展

rarely adv. 很少；难得

放在句首，句子采用部分倒装。

We rarely agree on what to do.

我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。

entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐，娱乐；款待

典型例句

The man entertained the children with tricks.

那个人用把戏逗乐孩子。

He entertained friends to dinner.

他设宴款待了朋友。

思维拓展

entertain sth.用……使某人欢乐

entertain sth.用……招待某人

entertainment n．款待；娱乐

entertaining adj.使人愉快的；娱乐的

Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night，during which time Bob told us many jokes for

entertainment，making it an entertaining night.

Bob和Liz昨晚设宴款待我们，期间Bob讲了很多笑话娱乐我们，让我们度过了一个愉

快的夜晚。

重点短语

s按照……条件；根据……的主张

典型例句

A national park is not a 's a sanctuary for nature and for humans who will

accept nature on nature's own terms.

国家公园不是游乐场。它是自然的庇护所，也是人类根据自然的条件接受自然的庇护所。

思维拓展

in terms of就……来说；从……角度

come to terms with达成协议；和好；接受；适应

be on good/ bad terms关系良好/不好

in the long/ short term就长远/短期而言

on equal terms在平等的条件下

used to do sth.过去常常做某事[暗指现在不做了]

典型例句

I used to go to the cinema a lot.

我以前常去看电影。

There used to be low and dirty houses.

那里曾有又矮又脏的房舍。

易混辨析

used to do sth., be used to(doing)sth., be used to do sth.

used to do sth.

be used to

(doing) sth.

be used to do sth.

表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状

态

表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to为介词，后接(动)名词。

表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态。

Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.

怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。

Bamboo can be used to build houses.

竹子可用来建造房屋。

close by在附近；在近旁

典型例句

I was close by as Mary was stretchered into the ambulance.

玛丽被用担架抬进救护车时我就在旁边。

思维拓展

close to靠近

get close to靠近；接近

be close at hand近在咫尺

close friends亲密的朋友

keep in close touch 保持密切联系

feed on以……为食

典型例句

Birds feed on worms and grains.

鸟以虫和谷物为食。

思维拓展

feed sb./ sth.用……喂养……

feed sb./sth.给……喂……

feed up厌烦

be fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦

feed back反应；反馈

live on sth.(人)以……为主食；靠……生活

on the move在行进中；在移动中

典型例句

Jack never wanted to stay in one place for very long, so he was always on the move.

杰克从不想在一个地方待太久，所以他总在奔波辗转。

思维拓展

get a move on赶快

make the first move抢先行动；抢占先机；主动示好

make a move动身；开始行动

make a move on sb.对某人采取行动；(速度竞赛时)设法超越某人

make a/your/...move采取行动；开始行动

pick up拿起；提起；拾起；捡起；学会；开车接某人；好转

典型例句

The phone stopped ringing the moment I picked up the receiver.

我一拿起听筒电话就不响了。

Mary picked up a lot of Chinese by playing with the local children.

玛丽与当地的孩子玩的时候，学到了很多中文。

思维拓展

pick out辨认出；拣出；挑选出

The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.

这个设备收到了卫星发出的信号。

I have been picked out to represent the whole team.

我被选出来代表全队。

set out

典型例句

(1)开始做某事

They succeeded in what they set out to do.

他们实现了既定的目标。

(2)出发；动身

They set out on the last stage of their journey.

他们动身踏上最后一段行程。

(3)安排；摆放；陈列

We need to set out some chairs for the meeting.

我们需要为会议摆放些椅子。

(4)陈述；阐明

He set out his objections to the plan.

他陈述了他对这个计划的反对意见。

思维拓展

set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑

set about (doing sth.)着手做某事

set down写下；放下

set off 动身；出发；引起；引爆

set up建立

anything like与……相像

思维拓展

I don't ever want to go through anything like that again.

我不想再经历那样的事了。

思维拓展

nothing like与……一点也不像

anything else还要别的吗；奇招尽出；别的东西

anything but根本不；远非

(提供比以前更准确的数量)差不多，更接近

What is sb. like？(表示某人做了令人讨厌、愚蠢之类的事)某人怎么回事，某人怎么会是

这个样子？

most/very like很可能；大概

take steps采取措施

典型例句

She is not content with her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it.

她对自己目前的生活并不满意，希望能采取措施改善它。

思维拓展

take measures 采取措施

take action采取措施

mind/watch your steps走路小心；言行小心谨慎

a/one step at a time一步一步；逐步；按部就班

live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生

典型例句

They live off fruit and nuts.

他们以水果和坚果为食。

She is still living off her parents.

她还在靠父母养活。

思维拓展

live off welfare靠救济过活

live a．..life过着……的生活

live by sth.按照(某信念或原则)生活

live by doing sth.以做某事为生

live for为……而活着

live on(人)以……为主食；靠……生活；继续活着，继续存在

live up to达到；不辜负(他人的期望)

live with忍受，容忍(令人不快的事)

result in 导致，造成

典型例句

Acting before thinking always results in failure.

做事不先考虑常会导致失败。

The accident resulted in the death of two people.

这场意外事故造成两人死亡。

思维拓展

cause/ bring about/lead to导致，造成

as a result因此，结果

without result徒劳，毫无结果

result from因……产生；起因于

as a result of由于……，作为……的结果

as well as也，还

典型例句

They sell books as well as newspapers.

他们既卖报也卖书。

思维拓展

(1) as well as，“不但……而且……”，连接相同的句子成分。

(2) as well as连接并列主语时，应根据前者确定谓语动词的形式。

(3)当 as well as连接两个动词时，后面的动词要用动词-ing形式。

(4)同为“不仅……而且……”， A as well as B作主语时，强调A，谓语动词与A保持一

致； not only A but also B作主语时，强调B，谓语动词就近一致。

They own a house in France as well as a villa in Spain.

他们在法国有一栋房子，在西班牙也有一座别墅。

The organization gives help and support to people in need as well as raising money for local

charities.

该机构为有需要的人们提供帮助和支持，还为当地的慈善机构募捐。

He as well as his brothers is coming to see you.

不仅是他的兄弟们，他也要来看你。

Not only he but also his brothers are coming to see you.

不仅是他，他的兄弟们也要来看你。

fit into融入；与……相处融洽；归属

典型例句

The car was too big to fit into our garage.

这部车太大了，我们的车库放不下。

It's hard to see how he would fit into the team.

很难看出他将如何融入这支队伍。

思维拓展

fit in with sb./sth.与……合得来；与……相适应

be fit for胜任；适合；合格

be fit to do适合做

易混辨析

match, suit, fit

match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

suit表示衣服的款式或颜色适合某人；还表示需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等适合某

人。

fit作动词用时，一般表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人。

take turns 轮流

典型例句

The doctors take turns at participating in the mobile medical team.

医生们轮流参加巡回医疗队。

思维拓展

in one's turn轮到某人；接着

in turn(＝take it in turns)依次；轮流；反之；反过来

by turns轮流；依次

take turns to do sth.轮流做某事

take turns (in)doing sth.轮流做某事

It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.

当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。

be famous for＝be known for以……而闻名

典型例句

He was famous for his novels.

他以他的小说而闻名。

France is famous for its wine.

法国以葡萄酒闻名。

思维拓展

be famous as(＝be known as)作为……而闻名

be famous to sb.(＝be known to sb.)为某人所熟知

Virginia is famous as the birthplace of several USA presidents.

弗吉尼亚作为几位美国总统的出生地而出名。

The pop star is famous to young people.

这个流行歌手为年轻人所熟知。

be familiar with通晓某事物；熟悉某事物

典型例句

Are you familiar with this type of machine?

你熟悉这种机器吗？

易混辨析

be familiar with，be familiar to

短语

be familiar with

be familiar to

你熟悉棒球规则吗？

意义

熟悉；通晓

为……熟悉

主语

人

事物

宾语

事物

人

Are you familiar with the rules of baseball?

English and maths are the subjects that are familiar to you.

数学、英语是你熟悉的科目。

方法点拨

be similar to意为“跟……相像的/类似的”，注意与be familiar to的区别。

This car is familiar to me，which is not similar to yours.

这辆车我很熟悉，这车与你的不一样。

have fun玩得高兴；过得快活

典型例句

The children were having so much fun，and I hated to call them inside.

小孩子玩得很开心，我不忍心把他们叫进来。

思维拓展

have fun (in) doing sth.做某事很开心

make fun of取笑……；开……玩笑；为了好玩

for/in fun开玩笑地

be full of fun充满乐趣

more than不仅仅；超过；非常

典型例句

Akira Nagata is more than a scientist. He is also a poet.

永田明不仅仅是位科学家，还是位诗人。

误区警示

more than的用法

修饰名词时，表示“不仅仅，不止(＝not only)”。

Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不

仅仅用于建筑。

More than 70 percent of our planet is covered

后接数字，表示“超过；多于”。

修饰形容词、副词、动词、分词或句子时，

起加强语气的作用，表示“十分”。

by water.我们的星球表面70%以上被水所覆

盖。

They were more than glad to help.他们非常乐

意帮忙。

与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……

She is more lazy(不用lazier) than unintelligent.

与其说她不聪明倒不如说她懒惰。

up to多达，高达

典型例句

He can earn up to $50,000 a year.

他每年能挣多达五万美元。

思维拓展

be up to sth.正在干/从事着某事(尤指坏事)；在捣鬼

be up to＝be fit for 胜任(常用于否定句和疑问句中)

up to＝up till/until 直到……

It's up to do sth.由某人负责/决定做某事

upside down上下翻转，颠倒

典型例句

You're holding the book upside down.

你把书拿颠倒了。

The house was turned upside down by the burglars.

那屋子被窃贼翻得乱七八糟。

You've hung that picture upside down!

你把那幅画挂颠倒了！

In the Spring Festival, Chinese people would like to hang the character fu upside down.

春节期间，中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。

思维拓展

turn down把……翻得乱七八糟

inside out里面朝外

The wind turned my umbrella inside out.

大风把我的伞吹得翻了过去。

重点句型

1 Even though the sun is brightly shinning， telling whether it is morning or night is

impossible.

即使阳光明媚，也不可能分辨出是早是晚。

句式分析

这是一个主从复合句。even though引导让步状语从句；主句中telling whether it is morning

or night是动名词作主语；引导名词性从句，作telling的宾语。

还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……；不管……还是……”。

It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether you are

travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon

character.

它将把你带进一个梦幻世界，使你梦想成真，不论你是在太空遨游，游览海盜船，还是

见到你最喜爱的童话人物或迪士尼卡通人物。

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

不管你是否相信，那都是真的。

I'll buy some souvenirs, whether they are cheap or expensive.

无论贵贱，我都要买一些纪念品。

I don't know whether he will come or not.

我不知道他是否会来。

2 Following the reindeer were the Sami people， who made this territory their home.

跟随着驯鹿步伐的是萨米人，萨米人把这片土地当作他们的家园。

句式分析

Following the reindeer were the Sami people是主谓语倒装，主语 the Sami people后置，

以便与后面的定语从句更好地衔接，语义上也更连贯。同样的信息用常规的语句表达就成了

“ People were following the were the Sami people and they made this territory their

home.”，但这会显得句式单调平淡。

思维拓展

使用完全倒装的几种情况：

(1)表示地点的介词短语位于句首，谓语为be，lie，stand，come等不及物动词，且主语

是名词时。

(2)地点副词(here, there)、方位副词(up，out，in，down)及时间副词(now，then)等位于句

首，谓语为be，go，come等不及物动词，且主语为名词时。

(3)形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，为强调表语或保持句子结构平衡，句子的主谓要完

全倒装。

(4)一些表示祝愿的句子里主谓也要完全倒装。

易错提示

主语是代词而不是名词时，句子不倒装。

Among the guests is the person you are looking for.

你找的人在客人中。

Under the tree sits a beautiful girl.

树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。

There she comes.

她来了。

3 It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is， natural and beautiful.

人们希望沙瑞克国家公园永远保持原样，自然美丽。

句式分析

as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……的方式；像；如同”。

They did as I had asked.

他们是按照我的要求做的。

Leave the papers as they are.

别去动那些文件。

思维拓展

连词as引导状语从句：

(1)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。

(2)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……的方式；像，如同”。

(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，从句须倒装。

(4)as引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……一边……；随着”，强调主从句动作同时发生。

(5)as引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...和 not as...结构中。

As I had a cold, I was absent from school.

因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。

4 This vast new park is nearly four times larger than the old wildlife park protecting Siberian

tigers in Northeast China.

这个巨大的新公园几乎是中国东北地区保护西伯利亚虎的老野生动物园的四倍大。

句式分析

four times larger than是倍数表达的一种具体形式。常见的倍数表达形式有：

(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as。

This tree is three times as tall as that one.

这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。

(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than。

This river is almost twice longer than that one.

这条河差不多比那条河长一倍。

(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width/depth ＋ of。

The newly broadened square is four times the size of the pervious one.

新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。

(4) 倍数＋that ＋ of。

The newly broadened square is four times that of the pervious one.

新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。

(5)倍数＋what从句。

The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.

现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters， others for showing

famous sights and sounds.

一些公园以拥有最大或最长的过山车而闻名，另一些公园则以展示著名的风景和声音而

闻名。

句式分析

表示“一些……另一些……”。

At weekends, some people usually stay at home, while others would go out.

在周末，有些人会待在家里，也有些人宁愿出去。

To some people life is enjoyable，while to others it is painful.

对一些人来说生活是美好的，而对另一些人来说生活是痛苦的。

易混辨析

he he others

other

others

内涵

一个……

另一个

一些……

另一些

一些……

另一些

对象

有两部分，the others指剩余的全部对象

外延

只有两个

至少有三部分，others不指剩余的全部

ver and whatever you like， there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you！

不管你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有一个妙不可言的主题公园吸引你！

句式分析

这是一个复合句，whichever and whatever you like是让步状语从句；主句中 that will

appeal to you是定语从句，先行词是park，that是关系代词。

It takes three hours, whichever route you take.

无论你走哪一条路都需要三个小时。

Unit 4 Body Language

重点单词

interaction n.交流；相互影响

典型例句

There is a need for more interaction between staff and children.

教工与学生之间需要更多的交流。

There is an interaction between physical and emotional illness.

身体疾病与心理疾病之间存在着相互影响。

They are experts on human-computer interaction.

他们是人机交互专家。

思维拓展

interaction between sb./sth.＝interaction with sb./sth. 与……的交流；与……相互影响

interact vi.交流；相互影响

interact with sb.与某人交流；与某人沟通

interact with sth.与……相互影响

Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.

教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。

Perfume interacts with the skin's natural chemicals.

香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。

appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的

典型例句

It is an appropriate time to make a speech.

这是发表演讲的合适时间。

This is an appropriate request for them.

这对他们来说是个正当的要求。

思维拓展

be appropriate for/to对……合适

It is appropriate for do sth.适合某人做某事

It is appropriate(that)……是合适的

His clothes were not appropriate for such a season.

他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。

approve vt.赞成；认可；批准vi.赞同

典型例句

Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.

最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准可以发表了。

The government approved a plan to build more houses for the poor to live in.

政府批准了一项计划来建造更多的房子让穷人居住。

思维拓展

approve of sth.赞成；同意

approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.赞成某人做某事

approval n．[U]赞成；批准

Catherine's mother will never approve of her marriage to you.

凯瑟琳的母亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。

demonstrate vt.

典型例句

(1)表达；表露；表现；显露

You need to demonstrate more self-control.

你应该表现出更强的自制力。

(2)证明；证实；论证；说明

These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working.

这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。

Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.

我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。

(3)示范；演示

Her job involves demonstrating new educational software.

她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。

(4)集会示威；游行示威

They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.

他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。

思维拓展

demonstrate sth.表现……；表达……

demonstrate sb.向某人证明……；向某人表达……

demonstrate be...证明某事……

证明……

It has been demonstrated that ...已经证明……

示威反对……

demonstration n. 集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明

witness

典型例句

(1)vt.当场看到，目击；见证

Several residents claimed to have witnessed the attack.

几个居民声称他们亲眼看见了那起袭击事件。

(2)n.目击者，证人常用搭配：

be a witness to sth.目击某事







appear as a witness for sb.出庭为某人作证



为……作证



bear/give witness to sth.

那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。

He decided to appear as (a) witness for the prosecution.

他决定出庭为原告作证。

employ vt. 雇用；利用时间、精力等

典型例句

Our company employed about one hundred people.

我们公司雇用了大约一百人。

You could employ your spare time better.

你可以更好地利用闲暇时间。

思维拓展

employ do... 雇用某人做……

employ ... 雇用某人为……；聘请某人担任……

be employed in doing sth.从事于；忙于做某事

employer n．雇主

employee n．雇工

interpret

典型例句

(1)vt.把……理解(解释)为

The data can be interpreted in many different ways.

这份资料可以从多方面解读。

(2)vt.& vi.口译

She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.

她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。

(3)vt.诠释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)

He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.

他把这个角色演得十分幽默。

思维拓展

interpret ...as...把……理解(解释)为

interpret sb.为某人口头翻译

interpret ...把……解释成……

interpretation n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式

interpreter n．口译工作者；口译译员

differ vi.不同；相异

典型例句

One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.

in...在……方面不同于……

differ with /about sth.关于某事不同于某人的观点。

Customs differ in different countries.

各国风俗不同。

The twins differ from each other in character.

这对孪生姐妹性格迥异。

I have to differ with you on that.

在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。

思维拓展

different adj.不同的；有差别的

be in...在……方面与……不同

difference n．区别；差异

tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B的区别

make a/no/some/...difference (to)有/没有/有一些……关系/作用/影响

make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同

Whether he comes or not makes no difference.

他是否来没有影响。

favour＝favor

典型例句

(1)n. 喜爱，偏爱；恩惠，帮助；赞同，支持。

Was he in favour of the death penalty？他赞成死刑吗？

Can I ask a favour of you？＝Can I ask you for a favour?

请您帮个忙，好吗？

Do me a favour to turn off the radio.

帮我把收音机关上。

(2)vt. 较喜欢，选择；有助于，有利于；偏爱。

The president is believed to favour further tax cuts.

人们认为总统会赞同进一步减税。

She always favours her youngest child.

她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。

思维拓展

in 支持/赞成……，为有利于……





in sb.'s favour 对某人有利，有助于某人



do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙





ask a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙

favourable adj. 赞同的，有利的

favoured adj. 受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的

favourite adj.特别喜欢的 n. 特别喜欢的人/事物

bow

典型例句

(1)vi 鞠躬，点头。

They bowed to the audience in the end.

最后他们向观众鞠躬。

All the people bowed down before the Emperor.

所有人都向皇帝鞠躬。

(2)vt. 低(头)，俯(首)。常与 down 连用。

She bowed her head (down) in shame.

她羞愧地低下了头。

(3)vi. & vt. (使)弯曲。相当于 bend。

The willows bow in the breeze.

柳树被微风吹弯了。

His back was bowed under the weight of the packs.

背包压弯了他的背。

(4)n. [C]鞠躬；弓；蝴蝶结。

He moved aside for her with a polite bow.

他礼貌地鞠躬，退避一旁让她过去。

Liu Xiang made his start like an arrow from a bow.

刘翔起跑时像一支离弦的箭。

思维拓展

bow to/before sb.向某人鞠躬

bow low (to/before sb.) (向某人)深深地鞠一躬

bow down (to/before sb.) (向某人)鞠躬

reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的

典型例句

We're looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.

我们正在寻找可靠而又勤奋的人。

思维拓展

rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 依靠；信任；信赖

rely on 相信……

He is a person that you can rely on.

他是一个你可以信赖的人。

trial n.审判；审讯；试验

典型例句

He's standing trial for thieving.

他正因涉嫌偷窃而接受审判。

We shall put the machine to further trial.

我们将进一步试验这部机器。

思维拓展

be on trial在受审；在试验中

stand 因……而受审

make a trial进行试验

slightly adv. 略微；轻微地

典型例句

The patient is slightly better today.

病人今天稍好些了。

He was slightly wounded in the car accident.

他在车祸中受了轻伤。

思维拓展

slight adj. 轻微的；微小的

Don't 's just a slight problem.

别担心，那只是个小问题。

assess vt.评估；评定

典型例句

That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then

try to discover it.

那就是说，当人们还没有说出全部的真相时，你必须能够做出判断，然后去发现它。

思维拓展

(1)assess ＋钱估算/评估某物为多少钱

assess sth./sb.(as sth./sb.)评定/评价(为……)

assess＋从句评定/评估……

(2)assessor n．评审员/估价员

assessment n．评价/评定

make an assessment of评估/评价

After the flood, they assessed the loss at 10 million yuan.

洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。

pose

典型例句

(1)vt.造成(威胁、问题等)

The task poses no special problems.

这项任务不会造成特别的问题。

(2)vi.摆好姿势

The delegates posed for a group photograph.

代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。

(3)vi.佯装；冒充；假扮

The gang entered the building posing as workmen.

这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。

(4)(通常用于进行时)招摇；炫耀；拿姿作态

I saw him out posing in his new sports car.

我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。

(5)n.故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势

He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.

他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。

思维拓展

pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险

pose as sb.冒充某人

pose (for sb./sth.) (为画像、摄影)摆好姿势

strike a pose/an attitude摆出某种姿态

reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出

典型例句

The report reveals (that) the company made a loss of ￡20 million last year.

报告显示，公司去年亏损2 000万英镑。

He laughed, revealing a line of white teeth.

他笑了起来，露出一排洁白的牙齿。

思维拓展

reveal sb.把某事透漏给某人

显示……

clarify vt.澄清；阐明；净化vi.澄清；清楚；明白；易懂

典型例句

You can clarify this question if you study British history.

如果你学习英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。

思维拓展

clarify one's position/stand 阐明某人的立场

clarify matters 澄清真相

clarification n. 澄清；阐明

The piece of evidence will help to clarify matters.

这条证据将有助于澄清真相。

tick vt.给试卷、问题等打钩号 vi.钟表等发出嘀嗒声

典型例句

The clock ticked away the minutes.

钟表显示时间一分一秒地过去。

思维拓展

tick sb./ 给……画上钩；给……打对号

Tick all the questions off，please.

把所有的问题标出来。

tendency n.倾向；趋势；性情；偏好

典型例句

Measures must be taken to stop this tendency.

必须采取措施来阻止这种倾向。

She showed her musical tendency at an early age.

她从小就显露出音乐偏好。

思维拓展

have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向

You will have a tendency to grow fat.

你有发胖的倾向。

occupy vt.

典型例句

(1)占据(时间、空间等)

Family affairs occupy most of her free time.

家庭事务占用了她大部分闲暇时间。

The bed occupied too much room.这床占地方太大了。

(2)(军事)占领

The army occupied the enemy's capital.

军队占领了敌人的首都。

(3)占有(房屋、土地)

They occupy the house next door.他们住在隔壁。

(4)任职

My sister occupies an important position in her firm.

我姐姐在她的公司担任要职。

思维拓展

occupation n．占用；职业；消遣

occupied adj.使用中；忙碌的

be fully occupied忙得不可开交

occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于……

be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事

stare

典型例句

(1)vi.盯着看；凝视

It's rude to stare at others.

盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

He stared at the girl, trying to remember who she was.

他盯着这个女孩，努力想记起她是谁。

(2)n.凝视

She gave him a blank stare.

她面无表情地直视着他。

易混辨析

stare at, glare at, glance at, look at

stare at

glare at

glance at

look at

“盯着看；凝视”，表示因好奇、惊讶而睁大眼睛看，强调长时间盯着看，有时含

有无礼或粗鲁的意味。

“怒视”，表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性地瞪眼睛”的意思。

“瞥见”，强调“匆匆”和“瞥”，表示动作的短暂。

“看着”，无感情色彩，强调动作。

The girl stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.

那个女孩对着那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。

The teacher glared at the boys when they laughed loudly at class.

当男孩子们在课堂上大笑时，老师怒视着他们。

The man glanced nervously at his watch.

那人紧张地看了一眼手表。

The men all turned to look at her as she entered the room.

她走进房间时，所有男士都转过来朝她看。

distract vt.分散注意力；使分心

典型例句

You're distracting me from my work.

你使我不能专心工作。

Don't talk to her—she's very easily distracted.

不要同她讲话——她的注意力很容易分散。

思维拓展

distract sb./sth. (from sth.)使某人/某物从某事中分心；使某人/某物不能专心于某事

distraction n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事；娱乐；消遣

distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的

perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解

典型例句

I perceived a change in his behaviour.

我注意到他举止有些改变。

This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.

这一发现被视为一项重大突破。

27.

distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

典型例句

Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.

有时候现实和梦幻很难区分。

思维拓展

(1)distinguish oneself 使自己扬名

区分/辨别……和……

from使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征

by...以……为特征

(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的

be 因……而出名

be 作为……而出名

distinguishable adj.可区别的

(3)tell the 把……与……区分开

把……与……区分开

She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.

作为运动员她已享有盛名。

You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.

你应学会明辨是非。

The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.

这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。

He is distinguished for his knowledge of linguistics.

他因语言学的知识而著名。

It was hard to tell the difference between the two versions.

很难分辨出这两个版本有什么区别。

I believe he is able to tell the true from the false.

我相信他能辨别真假。

特别提示

“Chen Yunlin distinguished(distinguishable) himself during the visit to Taiwan，” Wang Yi

remarked.

anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的

典型例句

She was anxious for them all to leave her room.

她渴望他们全都离开她的房间。

We were anxious that everyone (should) know the truth.

我们渴望人人都了解实情。

思维拓展

be anxious for/about(＝be worried/concerned about)为……担心/担忧

be anxious for(＝be eager for/be keen on)渴望……

be anxious(for sb.)to do sth.渴望(某人)做……

be 渴望……(从句谓语用should do，should可以省略)

anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地

anxiety n．担心；忧虑；渴望

with anxiety焦虑地

anxiety for对……的渴望

anxiety about/over对……的忧虑

anxiety to do sth.对做某事的渴望

embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的

典型例句

She is embarrassed about her weight.

她因自己的体重而尴尬。

He felt embarrassed as being the centre of attention.

成为关注的焦点使他觉得尴尬。

易混辨析

embarrassed，embarrassing

embarrassed“尴尬的，陷入困境的”，修饰人。

embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，修饰事物。

I've never felt so embarrassed in my life.

在我的一生中我从未感到如此尴尬。

It can be embarrassing to have a child say what he does not want to.

要一个孩子说他不愿意说的东西令人尴尬。

ashamed adj.感到羞愧的，感到羞耻的

典型例句

She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour.

她对自己的行为深感羞愧。

Tom was ashamed that he had lost his temper.

汤姆因自己发脾气感到内疚。

思维拓展

be 因……而感到羞愧

be 对……感到惭愧

be ashamed to do sth.耻于干某事；不情愿干某事

shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事

shameful adj.可耻的，不体面的

shameless adj.不知羞耻的

merely adv.仅仅；只是；只不过

典型例句

They are not merely content with filling the stomach.

他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。

You can't blame me for that because I merely want to find out the truth.

你不能为那件事情责怪我，因为我只不过想搞清楚事情真相。

思维拓展

mere adj.仅仅的

It took her a mere 20 minutes to win.

她只花了20分钟就赢了。

bother

典型例句

(1)vt.打扰；烦扰

I don't want to bother you with my problems.

我不想因为我的问题而打扰你。

(2)vi.费心；操心；麻烦

—Shall I help you?

——我可以帮你吗？

—Don't bother.I'll do it later.

——不用费心了，我一会儿自己做。

(3)n.(不可数名词)麻烦；(可数名词)令人麻烦的事；引起麻烦的人

Tom is a bother to his teacher.

汤姆使他老师大伤脑筋。

思维拓展

bother to do sth.费心去做某事

bother about sth.为某事烦恼

bother sth.为某事麻烦某人

be sorry to bother you, 很抱歉打扰你一下，但是……

put any bother 给某人添乱

without any bother 毫不费力地

It bothers /to do sth.

使某人苦恼的是……

I didn't want to put you to any bother.

我不想给你添乱。

易混辨析

bother，disturb，trouble，annoy

这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。

(1)bother 指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌

的意味。

(2)disturb 指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比 bother 弱。

(3)trouble 常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌

的要求。

(4)annoy 通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。

What's troubling you—money problems?

什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗？

These flies are annoying me.

这些苍蝇一直在烦我。

weep vi. &vt. 哭泣；流泪 n. 哭；哭泣

典型例句

Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and you weep alone.

(谚)欢笑，整个世界伴你欢笑；哭泣，只有你独自向隅而泣。

思维拓展

weep for/with sth.因为某事而哭泣

weep to do sth.因为做某事而怆然泪下

conflict n.[U，C]矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触

典型例句

Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King

of England and Wales as well.

令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。

The conflict in the Middle East has lasted decades.

中东地区的冲突已经持续几十年了。

The two stories conflicted, so I did not know which to believe.

两种描述互相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个。

思维拓展

conflict over sth.在某事上的矛盾/冲突

conflict between A and B A与B之间的矛盾/冲突

in conflict ()(与……)处于矛盾之中

come into conflict ()(与……)发生争执

Union leaders are again in conflict with management.

工会领导人又一次与管理层发生冲突。

adjust vt.使适应；调整；校准

典型例句

It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.

花了几秒钟时间她的眼睛才适应了黑暗(的环境)。

The gentleman adjusted his tie in front of a mirror.

这位绅士在镜子前调整了一下领带。

思维拓展

adjust 调整……以适应……

adjust to (doing) sth.适应于……(其中to为介词)

adjust oneself to使自己适应于……

adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的

adjustable seat belts可调节的座椅安全带

adjustment n．调整，调节，适应

make an adjustment做出调整

react vi.作出反应；回应

典型例句

How did Wilson react to your idea?

威尔逊对你的想法有什么反应？

Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

铁与水、空气起化学反应而生成锈。

Will young people react strongly against tax increases?

年轻人会强烈反对增税吗？

思维拓展

reaction n．[C，U]反应；[U]反动

react to对……作出反应

react with与……起化学反应

react against反对；反抗

react by以……方式作出反应

Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.

当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。

He reacted strongly against the artistic conventions of his time.

他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。

重点短语

由……到……不等，从……到……变化

典型例句

Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.

各个学校的教学方法大不相同。

思维拓展

vary in sth.在某方面不同/有差异

vary with随……变化/改变

从……到……不等

various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的

varied adj.各种各样的；变化的

variety n．不同种类；多样化

a variety of＝varieties of种种

figure out

典型例句

(1)弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白

I can't figure out how to do this.

我弄不懂怎么做这件事。

(2)计算(数量或成本)

Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?

旅行要花多少费用你计算出来没有？

思维拓展

figure on计划；打算；预料到

it/that figures有道理；合乎情理

watch one's figure注意保持体形

break down

典型例句

(1)vi.(机器)出故障，(车辆)抛锚，损坏

The car broke down on the way to the airport.

车子在去机场的路上抛锚了。

(2)vi.(身体)垮掉

Your health will break down if you work too hard.

若工作太累，你的身体会垮的。

(3)vi.(谈判等)失败，破裂

The peace talk broke down with no agreement reached.

和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。

in favour of 赞同；支持；赞成

典型例句

I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work.

我完全支持同工同酬。

I talked to Susan about it, and she's all in favour of going.

我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同离开。

思维拓展

(1)be in/out of favour (with sb.)

＝be in/out of sb.'s favour 得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等

in sb.'s favour 对某人有利

do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人忙

owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情

(2)favourable adj.喜爱的；赞同的

I'll ask Tom to take owes me a favour.

我要请汤姆接受。他欠我一个人情。

Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?

请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？

(3)in＋名词＋of短语

in search of 寻找

in need of 需要

in place of 代替

in memory of 为了纪念

in case of 万一

in terms of 就……而言；在……方面

in possession of 占有

in charge of 主管；负责

in praise of 赞扬；表扬

in view of 鉴于；考虑到

get through 设法联系上尤指打通电话；设法做完；通过；度过

典型例句

I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn't get through.

我试图给女朋友打电话，可是打不通。

If you keep disturbing him, he will never get through his work.

如果你一直打扰他，他永远也做不完他的工作。

It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.

我们通过海关只花了几分钟时间。

思维拓展

(1)get across 被理解；使人了解

get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to 为介词)

get over 克服

get on 进展；进步

get in 收获

get around/round 到处走动；传播出去

Your meaning didn't really get across.

你的意思并未真正被别人理解。

(2)go through 检查；经历

pass through 从……中穿过；走过……中

look through 浏览；仔细查看

see through 看穿；识破

live through 活过(一段时间)；经过……后仍然活着

break through 突破(障碍)

Ms Chen is going through the students' papers.

陈老师正在检查学生们的论文。

straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐

典型例句

I told them to straighten up.

我叫他们挺起身子来。

From ingrained habit he paused to straighten up the bed.

出于长期的习惯，他停下来整理床铺。

思维拓展

straighten out(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)

straight away立刻；马上

go on 进行；发生

典型例句

While this conversation was going on, I was listening with earnest attention.

这场对话进行的时候，我聚精会神地听着。

思维拓展

go on继续(做)；(时间)流逝，过去；(做完某事后)进而接着(做另一件事)；赶紧，来吧(用

于劝说或鼓励别人)

go over 复习

go out出去；熄灭

go against违背；违反

go up上涨；上升

go ahead 前进；干吧；说吧

go without 没有……也可应付；将就

go through经历；经受；完成；通过；检查；用完

at the same time同时；然而

典型例句

I was afraid of her, but at the same time I really liked her.

我害怕她，但同时也确实喜欢她。

This boy is lazy; at the same time he is very clever.

这孩子懒惰，不过很聪明。

思维拓展

in time 及时；终于；迟早

in time (for/to do)及时

on time准时

in no time立刻；马上

at no time绝不

at a time一次

at one time曾经；一度

at times有时

take one's time别着急；慢慢来

kill time消磨时间

Can I borrow two books at a time?

我可以一次借两本书吗？

We were just in time for the bus.

我们刚好赶上那班公共汽车。

in other words换句话说，也就是说

典型例句

I'm not used to the way you speak to other words, I don't want to continue our

conversation.

我不习惯你对我说话的方式。也就是说，我不想继续我们的谈话了。

思维拓展

beyond words无法用言语形容

in a/one word总而言之

leave word留言

eat one's words承认说错了话，收回前言

in words用语言(来表达)

in word在口头上

break one's word食言

have a word with sb.和某人谈谈

have words with sb.和某人吵嘴

word for word逐词地；原原本本地

get in a word插话

have the last word作最后决定，有决定权

10.

call on短暂地访问；要求某人讲话等；正式邀请

典型例句

One of Kenya's leading churchmen has called on the government to resign.

肯尼亚一位高级宗教人士要求政府下台。

Sofia was intending to call on Miss Kitts.

索菲娅打算去拜访基茨小姐。

思维拓展

call up召唤；使回忆起；给……打电话

call off取消

call for 要求；需要；去接(某人)；去取(某物)

call in 邀请；请来

call at拜访(地点)

Do you think we should call at Bob's while we are in London?

你认为我们在伦敦时应该去鲍勃家拜访吗？

The sound of happy laughter called up memory of his childhood.

这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。

at work有某种影响；在工作

典型例句

She suspected that secret influences were at work.

她怀疑有些秘密势力在作祟。

He is still at work on the painting.

他仍在忙着画那幅画。

思维拓展

get (down) to/ set to work开始，着手工作

in the works 在讨论(或计划、筹备)中；在酝酿中

out of work失业

before/after work上班前/下班后

重点句型

can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.

通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。

句式分析

by doing表示方式，意为“凭借；通过”。

He makes a living by doing odd jobs.

他靠做临时的工作来谋生。

countries like France and Russia，people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they

meet.

在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。

句式分析

kiss their friends on the cheek 属于“动词＋sb.＋in/on/by＋the＋身体部位”结构，该结构用

来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。

Don't hit him in the face.

不要打他的脸。

The angry father caught his son by the arm.

那个生气的父亲拽住了他儿子的胳膊。

The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.

那个淘气的男孩儿打中了那个人的鼻子。

you describe a situation where you might smile when you don't mean it？

你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？

句式分析

当先行词为抽象地点名词case,situation,position,atmosphere,stage,activity, family和point

等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。

The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.

国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。

It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.

他们好像睁着眼在睡觉。

(1)本句是主从复合句，as though “好像”引导的是表语从句，从句用了陈述语气。

句式分析

as though/as if 可引导方式状语从句和表语从句。as if/as though 引导的从句常有以下三

种情况：

①若as if/as though 引导的从句中的内容是可能发生的或可能符合真实的情况，从句一

般用陈述语气。

②若as if/as though 引导的从句中的内容为非真实情况，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句谓

语动词的形式为：

表示与现在事实相反→一般过去式







表示与过去事实相反→had＋过去分词





表示将来的可能性不大→would/might/could＋动词原形

It sounds as though it is raining.

听起来似乎在下雨。(陈述语气)

He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger.

他待他姐姐如陌生人。(虚拟语气)

You look as though you'd seen a ghost.

你好像是见了鬼似的。(虚拟语气)

He paused as though(he was)expecting me to speak.

他停了一下好像在等我说话。

(2)with their eyes open是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语。with复合结构

在句中可以作状语，表示原因、条件、伴随等。此外，该结构还可以作后置定语。

with复合结构的构成：

①with＋宾语＋介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

他头枕在胳膊上睡着了。

②with＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

整个下午他都锁着门工作。

He lay in bed with his head covered.

他盖着头躺在床上。

③with＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)

With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes.

冬天来了，是买暖和衣服的时候了。

④with＋宾语＋不定式(不定式作宾补有“将来”的含义)

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。

⑤with＋宾语＋形容词/副词

With John away, we've got more room.

约翰不在，我们有更多空间了。

it is easy to perceive when students are interested， bored， or distracted， it is

sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.

③当从句主语同主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词是be时，从句主语和be可省略。

尽管学生们何时对讲课感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发

现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。

句式分析

本句是主从复合句。句中连词while表示让步关系，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于 though、

although。

While I like Ronald personally，I do not approve of what he has done this time.

尽管我自己喜欢罗纳尔德，但我并不支持他这次所做的事。

while作连词时的用法：

①作从属连词，意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从

句谓语为延续性动词；

②作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句常

位于句首；

③作并列连词，意为“而，却”，常位于句首或句中，表示

前后两种情况的对比。

While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.

她听着收音机睡着了。(时间状语从句)

While I agree with your reasons, I can't allow it.

尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。(让步状语从句)

I went swimming while the others played tennis.

我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。(并列连词)

body language lets me know when to adjust class activities， when to intervene， and

when to talk to students individually， so they can all get the most out of school.

他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独

和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。

句式分析

本句中包含“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构。该结构用法浅析：

①特殊疑问词常用的有：who，what, which, how, when, where 等。

②在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

③通常用在tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, discuss 等动词后作宾语。

④相当于一个名词性从句，所以常常可以用相应的从句来替换。

I don't know how to explain it to my parents.

我不知道该如何向父母解释这件事。(作宾语)

When to start(＝When we shall start)has not been decided.

何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)

The problem is where to put this computer.

问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)

Unit 5 Working The Land

重点单词

devote v.献身；致力；专心

典型例句

He devoted himself to writing.

他专心写作。

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

他把一生都致力于造福人类。

思维拓展

(1)devote time/ 为……付出时间/努力/金钱

devote 献身于……；专心致力于……

devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的

devotion n．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献

(2)表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be

occupied in, focus on, concentrate on, fix one's attention on

He is devoted to his career and his devotion to protecting environment has won our respect.

他对事业很忠诚并且他对保护环境的献身赢得了我们的尊敬。

shortage n.不足；缺少；短缺

典型例句

There is no shortage of (＝There are plenty of) things to do in the town.

城里不愁找不到活儿干。

思维拓展

food/housing/water shortages 食物 / 住房 / 用水短缺

a shortage of funds 资金不足

short adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的

fall short of sth.未达到；不符合

be short of缺乏，短缺

in short总之；简言之

yield

典型例句

(1)vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)

The research has yielded useful information.

这项研究提供了有用的资料。

(2)vi.屈服；让步

After a long siege, the town was forced to yield.

经过长时间的包围，这座孤城被迫投降。

(3)vi.放弃；缴出

He refused to yield up his gun.

他拒绝缴枪。

(4)n.[C，U] 产量；产出；利润

This will give a yield of 10% on your investment.

这会给你的投资带来10%的利润。

思维拓展

yield (to sth./sb.) 屈服；让步

yield sth./sb. (up) (to sb.) 放弃；缴出

yield to sth.被……替代；为……所取代

a high crop yield 作物丰收

a reduction in milk yield 牛奶产量的降低

convince vt. 使确信，使相信

典型例句

It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.

花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。

We convinced Anny to go by train rather than by plane.

我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。

思维拓展

convince sth.使某人相信某事

convince do sth.说服某人做某事

be convinced of sth.相信某事

be convinced that相信某事

convincing adj.令人信服的

助记：con-(＝thoroughly，完全地)＋vinc(＝conquer，征服)＋e→完全征服对方→使信服

易混辨析

convince/persuade

使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是

convince

正确的。常接从句或用于convince sth.。另外，后面接不定式时意思与

persuade相当，意为“说服某人做某事”。

persuade

劝说，说服。常接“into doing sth.或to do sth.和out of doing sth.”的结构，表示拿

出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。接out of doing sth.意思是说服某人不做某事。

They persuaded us into/out of going(＝to go/not to go)to the party.

他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。

We couldn't convince him of his mistake.

我们无法使他明白他的错。

5 attain vt.(经过努力)获得；得到；达到(年龄、水平、状况等)

典型例句

He attained success through hard work.

他通过努力取得了成功。

The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.

猎豹的奔跑速度可达97千米/时。

思维拓展

attainable adj.可获得的；可达到的

attainment n．达到；成就

conventional adj.常规的；传统的；保守的

典型例句

Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.

通过传统的电话线连接的因特网速度有点儿慢。

assumption n.假定；设想；承担；担任

典型例句

His assumption proved to be correct.

他的假设被证明是对的。

思维拓展

make an assumption 假设；认为

on the 在假定……的情况下

assume vt.假定；设想；承担

假设……

assume office 就职

assume responsibility 承担责任

assume an air/装出……的样子/表情

假定……(作连词用，相当于 if)

We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.

我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。

Assuming that it rains, what should we do?

假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？

overcome vt.&vi.战胜；克服；控制感情

典型例句

He struggled to overcome his shyness.

他努力克服自己的羞怯。

思维拓展

be overcome with被(感情)所控制，受到情绪的极大影响

Bill was overcome with grief.

比尔悲痛欲绝。

易混辨析

overcome，beat，defeat，win

overcome

beat

defeat

win

强调克服困难、障碍等。

常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)。

侧重指在战场上打败敌人。

beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如

比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互

换，但defeat更正式。

后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等。

He beat me at chess.

他下棋赢了我。

He defeated the champion in three sets.

他三盘击败了冠军。

France won by six goals to two against Denmark.

法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。

expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展

典型例句

He is thinking of expanding his business.

他正考虑扩张他的生意。

Metals expand when they are heated.

金属受热会膨胀。

We have plans to expand the business into the USA market.

我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。

思维拓展

expand (...) into(把……)扩展到

expand on/upon详述；充分叙述

comprise

典型例句

(1)vt.包括；包含；由……组成(不用于进行时)

The collection comprises 327 paintings.

这部画册收有327幅画。

The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.

委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。

(2)vt.是(某事物的)组成部分；组成；构成

Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.

在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。

思维拓展

be comprised of ＝consist of 由……组成

comprise＝ make sth. up

generate vt.产生；引起

典型例句

We need someone to generate new ideas.

我们需要有人出新主意。

思维拓展

generate electricity/heat/power 发电/产生热 / 动力

generate income/profit 产生收益 / 利润

generation [U] (尤指电、热等的)产生 [C＋sing./pl.v.] (统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人；

代，一代，一辈

the generation of electricity 发电

methods of income generation 产生收益的方法

stories passed down from generation to generation 世代相传的故事

generator n. 发电机

urban adj. 城市的；市镇的

典型例句

We live in urban areas with our children.

我们和孩子们一起住在市区。

We must stop the damage to both urban and country environments.

我们必须制止对城乡环境的破坏。

思维拓展

urbanization n．都市化，城市化

alleviate vt.减轻；缓解

典型例句

Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain.

如今，减轻背部疼痛可以有许多方法。

A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.

采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。

思维拓展

alleviation n．减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物

13 digest vt. 消化食物；领悟，融会贯通 vi. 消化 n. 摘要；文摘

典型例句

I have digested most of the important points in the book.

我领悟了书中大部分要点。

Protein digests slowly.

蛋白质消化得慢。

This is a digest of the week's news.

这是这周的新闻摘要。

思维拓展

digestion n．消化

digestive adj.消化的；易消化的

14 alternative n．可能的选择 adj.供选择的；非传统的

典型例句

Either alternative is correct.

(两种选择中)不论哪一个选择都是正确的。

All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers.

所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。

思维拓展

alternative energy 可替代能源

an ……的替代品

have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事

have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事

You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.

你要么发言，要么保持沉默。

I had no alternative but to accept the offer.

我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。

易混辨析

alternative，choice，selection

alternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。

choice 泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。

selection 指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。

The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.

这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。

The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.

商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。

Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.

家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。

depth n.向下或向里的距离；深度

典型例句

The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.

油井向下延伸了数百英尺。

His ideas lack depth.

他的想法缺乏深度。

思维拓展

the depth of a cut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度

the depths of the ocean 海洋深处

live in the depths of the country (＝ a long way from a town)住在偏远地区

in the depths of winter (＝ when it is coldest)在隆冬季节

in depth全面地；深入地；详细地

be out of your depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及

deep adj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有……深的

root

典型例句

(1)n.根；根茎；根部；根源

I pulled the plant up by (＝ including) the roots.

我把这棵植物连根拔起。

Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.

有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。

(2)v.(使)生根；翻寻

Try to root this plant in the garden.

想办法使这个植物在园子里生根。

“It must be here somewhere，” she said, rooting through the suitcase.

“它一定就在这里的什么地方，”她一边说一边翻着衣箱。

思维拓展

deep spreading roots扎得很深的根

root crops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜

pigs rooting for food拱土觅食的猪

重点短语

care for照顾；关心；喜欢

典型例句

They hired a nurse to care for her.

他们雇了个护士来照顾她。

He cared for her more than she realized.

她不知道他是多么在乎她。

思维拓展

care about，care for和care with都有“关心”“担心”的意思，但是在表示“介意”“计较”意思

时，要用care about。在表示“关怀”“照顾”“想要”的意思时，要用care for。

He doesn't care about his clothes.

他不讲究衣着。

We must care for the younger generation.

我们必须关怀年轻的一代。

far from远非；绝不

典型例句

It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far from the truth.

显然，他们所记录的很多根本不是事实。

思维拓展

far from后常接名词、动名词或形容词。

far from the truth/case远非事实

far from satisfactory远不令人满意

take on

典型例句

(1)承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)

No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.

没有任何别的组织有能力或愿意承担此项工作。

(2)呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)

Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took on a feverish intensity.

由于以为自己只剩一年的活头，他的文字开始变得激情澎湃。

(3) (公共汽车、船舶等)上(客)，装(货)，补充(燃料)

This is a brief stop to take on passengers and water.

这是一次短暂停靠，上上客，加加水。

(4)雇用；录用

He's spoken to a publishing 're going to take him on.

他和一家出版公司谈过了，他们打算雇用他。

make use of 利用；使用

典型例句

We should make full use of the Internet.

我们应充分利用网络。

We should make use of every chance to practise speaking English.

我们应该利用每一次机会来练习说英语。

How did you make use of your spare time?

你是怎么利用你的业余时间的？

思维拓展

make good/full use of 好好/充分利用

make the best of 充分利用(有利条件)

make the most of 充分/尽量利用(有利条件)

make little use of 几乎不利用；不充分利用

now that 既然

典型例句

Now that the kids have left home we've got a lot of extra space.

孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽敞了。

Now that you have finished your work, you'd better have a rest.

既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。

易混辨析

now that, because, since, as, for

now that

because

since

for

固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that 可以省略。

表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用 why 提问的问句。

意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。可与 now that互换。

意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比 because 弱。

意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首。

思维拓展

类似 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because 不能与 so 连用，当 since, now that 引

导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加 so 等连词。

[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。

[误]Now that you are ready, so we can go now.

[正]Now that you are ready, we can go now.

make up one's mind 下决心；决定

典型例句

I can't make up my mind whether to go or not.

我无法决定去还是不去。

We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.

我们决心在天黑前完成工作。

思维拓展

change one's mind 改变主意

keep/have mind 记住某事

lose one's mind 失去理智

in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流

典型例句

By better understanding your dreams, in turn you will be able to better understand yourself.

通过更好地理解你的梦境，相应地你也可以更好地了解你自己。

These rules proclaim our respect for others and in turn give us the gift of self-respect and

heightened self-esteem.

这些规范既体现了我们对他人的尊重，也转而赋予我们自重的能力以及更强的自尊心。

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.

当这些女人们逐一发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。

思维拓展

by turns 轮流；交替

take one's turn轮流做

It's one's turn to do轮到某人做某事

turn to求助于；求教于

典型例句

She has nobody she can turn to.

她求助无门。

When they meet with new words，they'll turn to the dictionary.

当遇到生词时，他们就查阅字典。

思维拓展

turn against反对

turn away回绝

turn up调大；出现

turn off关掉

turn back往回走

turn down关小；调低

turn in上交

turn on接通；打开

free of/from使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)

典型例句

We should keep this village free of pollution.

我们要避免这个村庄受到污染。

Keep the children free from harm.

别让孩子们受到伤害。

思维拓展

keep doing sth.阻止某人做某事

keep sb.不将某事告诉某人

keep sth.使某人不停地做某事

keep in touch with与……保持联系

keep sb./ of sth.不让某人/某物入内

keep an eye on sth.注意；看守

keep on doing sth.继续做某事

for instance＝for example例如；比如

典型例句

There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.

在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。

思维拓展

常见的表示列举的短语：

(1)such as意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列

举的人或事物之前。

A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic bags, and old batteries.

很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。

(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列

举的人或事物之前。

I have three friends, namely, Tom, Jack and Mike.

我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。

(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，

且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。

Most boys in the class like , for example, shows a special interest in it.

班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。

重点句型

1 Yet， he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然

而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。

句式分析

consider在此表示“认为”。

思维拓展

consider vt.考虑；认为

consider sth.考虑某事

consider doing sth.考虑做某事

consider＋wh- to do/wh-clause考虑……

认为……

consider sb./sth.(as)．..认为某人/某物是……

consider sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.认为某人/某物……

consider it＋adj./n.＋to do认为做某事是……

be considered to do/have done被认为做某事/做了某事

We consider that the song is worth listening to.

我们认为这首歌值得听。

He considers himself an expert.

他认为自己是专家。

Do you consider it wise to go there by yourself?

你认为你自己去那里明智吗？

2 Today, it_is_estimated_that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is

comprised of crops generated from Yuan's

据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻……

句式分析

本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋”结构，句中 that 引导主语从句，主语从句本身又是

一个主从复合句，从句中(so...)that 引导结果状语从句。

思维拓展

“It＋be＋过去分词＋”结构：

it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语，that 仅起连接作用，不作成分。

常用动词：say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，know 等。

该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”(hope 和 suggest 除外)。

It's suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

建议她今天下午就应该完成她的家庭作业。

It was reported that the UFO was flying from the west to the east when people saw it.

＝The UFO was reported to be flying from the west to the east when people saw it.

据报道，人们看见那个不明飞行物时，它正从西向东飞。

3 Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy， one might think he would retire to

a life of leisure.

考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。

句式分析

Given用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”等意思。“given＋that从句”意思

是“考虑到……”，相当于considering。如：

Given his age，he is very strong and healthy.

考虑到他的年龄，他可以说是非常健康强壮了。

Given that the students need more exercise, the head teacher has decided to add more PE

classes.

考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长已决定增加更多体育课。

4 As for chemical fertilisers， crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in

nutrition.

至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。

句式分析

too fast 是结构，该结构意为“太……以致不……，太……而不能……”。

其中too是副词，用来修饰形容词/副词，to是动词不定式符号。

The boy is too young to understand the story.

这个男孩太小，理解不了这个故事。

思维拓展

使用结构时应注意：

(1)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是及物动词

时，不定式中的动词后不能跟宾语。

Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand.

汤姆说话太快了，我们听不懂。

(2)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是不及物动

词时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。

The house is too small for the family to live in.

房子太小，那家人住不下。

(结构并非总是表示否定意义，在以下几种情况中，结构表示肯定意义：

①not置于动词不定式前，构成 to...结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受

到否定，转而表示肯定意义，该结构意为“太……不会不……”或“非常……必定能……”。

He is too careful not to have noticed that.

他非常小心，肯定注意到了那一点。

②结构前有not，never，no longer，but，only等词时，这一结构也表示肯定意

义。

It is never too old to learn.

活到老，学到老。

③结构中，too后为anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，

kind，willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等的形容词时，too相当于very much(极其，十分，非

常)，此时该结构表示肯定意义。

He is too ready to help others.

他十分乐意帮助别人。

He is too pleased to receive the pretty gift.

收到这份漂亮的礼物，他非常高兴。

5 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for

food around the world.

阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。

句式分析

这是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是主语从句；that chemical farming serves

the high demand for food around the world是同位语从句。其中from doing so是from

doing sth.“阻止……做某事”结构。同义表达还有：stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某

事

方法规律

这三个结构的主动语态中只有中from不能省略；在被动语态中，三个from

均不可省略。

本文标签：表示状语工作时间引导

版权声明：本文标题：高中英语选择性必修第一册全册各单元重点单词短语句式详解内容由网友自发贡献，该文观点仅代表作者本人，转载请联系作者并注明出处：http://roclinux.cn/b/1710170179a560696.html，本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。

Linux大棚 – 不忘初心的技术博客，浮躁时代的安静角落

高中英语选择性必修第一册全册各单元重点单词短语句式详解

更多相关文章

如何使用事件查看器查看 Windows 系统的开机时间

windows linux 双系统 设置 开机选择默认启动系统 等待时间

路由器php系统时间设置时间设置时间设置,华硕Padavan路由器设置定时重启_路由器自动重启脚本设置...

华为路由器时区以及时间配置

放弃了年薪 200 万的工作

转：不同的行业和工作的真实情况是怎样的？

win7环境一直报adb.exe已停止工作（已解决）

Win10工作版转纯净版：详细重装教程

如何获取系统时间java_java如何获取系统当前时间,java获取当前时间date类型

设置Jupyter Notebook默认工作路径和浏览器

Windows 查看系统信息及系统启动时间

批量自动修改windows系统时间

怎样设置Windows系统不会自动同步时间

python selenium 自动化小技巧记录：1.不新开浏览器，而是在已开的浏览器进行操作；2. web端关闭时间控件readonly属性，可直接输入时间；3. 模拟鼠标滚动；4.

如何解决 Windows 和 Manjaro 双系统时间不一致_差8小时的问题

如何测算Windows下命令执行的时间

Win7电脑激活时间即将到期怎么更改系统的激活码？

怎样让Windows10系统的时间显示到秒——且可手动修改系统的时间

W ndows主进程已停止,windows主进程rundll32已停止工作的四种解决方法介绍

如何处理selenium无法打开浏览器或打开时间过长的问题

发表评论

推荐文章

Microsoft Office安装全过程记录

javascript - Specify column data type with a &lt;th&gt; attribute for DataTables - Stack Overflow

【重装系统】2025年最新Windows7详细安装教程

磁力搜索引擎——一键获取你想要的资源！

Win7下安装VC6.0完美解决方案

热门文章

spring - StateFlow value changes, but subscribers are not notified # - Stack Overflow

javascript - localStorage, limits and data expiration when limits are reached - Stack Overflow

javascript - how to find an element inside an iframe in k6browser? - Stack Overflow

javascript - React component event fire manually from client side browser console - Stack Overflow

javascript - toastr (jquery) must only show once - Stack Overflow

javascript - Querying &quot;where&quot; clause with document auto-id firebase - Stack Overflow

android - Sending an SMS from mobile via HTML5JavaScript - Stack Overflow

c - is using the + operator a way to remove qualifiers within the typeof operator instead of using typeof_unqual in C23? - Stack

ChatGPT与Claude AI：两大生成式对话模型的比较分析

Windows 如何使用 SSH？

最新文章

javascript - How do I toggle the readonly attribute of all child element with jquery - Stack Overflow

javascript - Might it be possible to block an entire US state from accessing my site, using PHP? - Stack Overflow

c++ - Is dereferencing std::span::end always undefined? - Stack Overflow

javascript - Delay function execution if it has been called recently - Stack Overflow

javascript - Google Maps Autocomplete List - Stack Overflow

Windows 安装和连接使用 PgSql数据库

cmd打开计算机D盘,Win7利用cmd命令进入d盘文件夹的操作方法

如何在VMare中制作Windows Embedded Standard 7 (WES 7)

开机、注销后自动登录Windows

【教程】Python Flask快速学习

Exploring the Finest Accommodations: A Comprehensive Guide to Ruston LA Hotels

The Enchanting Experience of ScaliniTella NYC: A Culinary Gem in the Heart of Manhattan

Exploring the Exquisite Aloft Chicago O'Hare: A Blend of Modern Luxury and Convenience

A Culinary Journey: Discovering the Finest Dining Experiences in Waco, TX

A Culinary Journey: Discovering the Finest Dining Experiences in Athens, GA

windows linux 双系统设置开机选择默认启动系统等待时间

javascript - Specify column data type with a <th> attribute for DataTables - Stack Overflow

javascript - Querying "where" clause with document auto-id firebase - Stack Overflow