英语 倒装

倒装语序inversion

英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，叫做陈述语序。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，叫做倒装语序。当谓语全部放在主语之前时，叫做全倒装complete inversion；当谓语的助动词或情态动词部分放在主语之前时，叫做部分倒装partial inversion.

E.g.

There stands a monument at the center of the square.

Never before have I seen such a wonderful park.

一、全部倒装

1．There be 结构是典型的全倒装句

如

there are over 100 hundred elements in the world.

There was no one waiting.

2．以here, there, then, thus, hence等引导的句子，习惯上用全倒装，其谓语动词通常是不带助动词或情态动词的不及物动词。

如

here is a ticket for you.

Now comes your turn.

Thus ended the lecture.

3． 表示方向或地点的状语放在句首，而谓语动词又是表示运动的词或表示存在的动词时，主谓全倒装。但是，当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。

如

Down came the bird. --- Down it came.

On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.

表示方向或地点的词或词组有：up, down, away, here, in, out of, on …

表示运动或存在的动词有：go, come, fall, rush, be stand …

4． 表语前置或者分词前置也会构成全倒装

如

Happy indeed are the young people of today.

Marching at the head of the procession were some veterans of the Second World War.

5. 当介词短语作状语位于句首时，句子构成的完全倒装

out of sadness comes the awakening

At the basis of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept

With economic growth has come centralization of population

二、部分倒装

1．否定词或具有（半）否定意义的词位于句首做状语时，要用部分倒装

这样的词有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more,

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not often, not until, no longer, no more, not only, at no time, in no way, in / under no circumstances, in

no case, on no account, hardly … when…, scarcely … when…, no sooner … than, not only … but

also…等

如

Hardly did I think it possible.

Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapon.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the young sender.

注意：当否定词或具有否定意义的词在句中修饰或者充当主语成分时，不用倒装。

Little help can be expected from Peter.

2．当否定词或具有（半）否定意义的词位于句首做宾语时，要用部分倒装

Nothing would the poor child reply.

No a single word did Tom speak.

但是，当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装。

Not a word he said.

3．不含否定词的状语放在句首一般不用倒装，但是如果句首有only修饰时，要用半倒装。

Only in Beijing have I seen such a beautiful park.

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

Note: when only at the beginning of the sentence does not function as the modifiers, the whole

sentence should be in normal order.

e.g. Only a capable manager can bring this enterprise back to life.

4．”So… that…such…that ”结构中“so / such +状语”放在句首表示强调时，要用部分倒装

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

Such was the force of the explosion

To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of

his.

如果so + adj. 作表语放在句首，则要用全倒装

So strong and healthy is he that he is never found ill.

Such is his confidence in his daughter that he believes she will be a great pianist one day.

5．“ as / so / neither / nor + inversion”表示”…也如此” / ”…也不…”

Tom can’t speak French. Neither / nor can Jack.

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He is sick, as are other passengers.

The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea

that tigers have rights.

They have all got up, and so has Jack.

当So 表示对上一句的认同或强调，理解为的确，一定时， 尽管位于句首，也不构成倒装

On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says “this book stands for reason itself.” And

so it does.

比较：

1) ----John is very bright 2) they will have a good time

---- so he is so they will

---- so is Mary so will we

在表示前后两句的肯定表达情况相同时，可用 as…, so… 句型，后一句用倒装语序

Just as first impressions are memorable, so are last impressions.

6．倒装表示虚拟语气。当虚拟句中有were, should, had 做助动词时，可用主谓到装表示虚拟语气，去掉if。

Should he come, tell him to ring me up.

Were I in your position, I would go.

7．由as, though 引导的让步状语从句

1)由as引导的让步状语从句，可将adj.、adv.前置到句首，但不是主谓倒装

Strong as he is, he cannot lift the big stone.

Gently as her words were spoken, there was no mistaking that she was displeased.

Impossible as it may seem, you have to fight for every dream

Disillusioned though she is with the future, the Time Traveler has set off again on a journey through

time.

Note: though 引导的让步从句还有一种倒装方式较为正式。当从句是主系表结构时，省略连词though 系动词变原型放在句首。

No man loves his chains, be they made of gold.

2) whether , 引导的状语从句中，当省略whether 时, 系动词用原型 be ，置于句首。

Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law.

All science students, be they future physicists or chemists, should have a good foundation in basic

science.

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3) 表示让步状语的习语构成的部分倒装

Come what may =(whatever may happen) 不管发生什么,

cost what may =(whatever it may cost) 不惜代价

go where you will = (wherever you go)

say what you will =whatever you say

say what you will, I can’t trust you

come what may , we are not going to make any concession to his unreasonable demands.

8．当频度状语（often, many a time, now and then, etc.），方式状语（with good reason, well, sadly, etc.）或者程度状语（to such an extent, to such a degree, to such length, to such a point, etc.）放在句首时，一般也会用倒装。(不经常用)

Many a time has he given me good advice.

Well do I remember the day when it happened.

9. 比较状语从句的倒装

通常在than或第二个 as 之后的部分往往构成部分倒装

e.g. he traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.=== as most of his friends did

he is older than are the other students in his class.=== than the other students in his class are.

People anticipated that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners

of today.

On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little

ambition.

1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.

A. with hard work B. by hard work C. only with hard work D. through hard work

2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ___ write correctly.

A. you will B. you can C. can you D. can’t you

3. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.

A. although B. as C. how D. which

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4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

5. The business of each day, ____ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it was

6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the

time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost

7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.

A. as it is B. the same as C. so is D. and so is

8. ____ do we go for picnic.

A. certainly B. sometimes C. seldom D. once

9. Vitamins do not provide energy, ___ do they construct or build any part of the body.

A. either B. so C. nor D. never

10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it

is.

A. had it not been B. were it not C. be it not D. should it not be

11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data____ come to a sound conclusion.

A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can

12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.

A. so doesn’t rubber B. also doesn’t rubber C. nor does rubber D. nor rubber does

13. So involved with their computers ___ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force

them to break for sports and games.

A. became the children B. become the children C. had the children become D. do the children

become

14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic,

Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

A. be B. being C. were D. are

15. “____ during the performance of this trick, ladies and gentleman, do my hands actually leave my

arms.” Said the magician.

A. on time B. in no time C. at no time D. at times

16. ____, I still enjoy driving even after my accident.

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A. it may seem strange though B. strange though it may seem

C. though strange it may seem D. strange it may seem though

17. In vain ____ to discover what had happened before they got there.

A. did they try B. they tried C. tried they D. they had tried

18. So fast ___ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

A. light travels B. travels light C. does light travel D. do light travel

19. Not until ___ himself seriously ill.

A. did he complete the task he had found B. had he completed the task did he find

C. he completed the task had he found D. he had completed the task did he find

20. Little ___ his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.

A. did we think B. we think C. we did think D. we thought

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