有关铁路专业英语词汇

铁路专业英语词汇

接点断开 contact open

继电器吸起；继电器励磁 relay energized

继电器释放；继电器失磁 relay released

吸起时间 pick-up time

释放时间；落下时间 drop away time

转换时间 transfer time

转极时间 pole-changing time

缓吸时间 slow pick-up time

缓放时间 slow release time

吸起值 pick-up value

工作值；完全吸起值 working value

额定值 rated value

释放值；落下值 release value

转极值 pole-changing value

返还系数 release factor

继电器灵敏度 relay sensitivity

接点压力 contact pressure

磁路[系统] magnetic circuit

接点系统 contact system

前圈 front coil

后圈 back coil

电磁继电器 electromagnetic relay

电码继电器 code relay

直流继电器 DC relay

交流继电器 AC relay

交直流继电器 AC-DC relay

脉冲继电器 impulse relay

传输继电器 transmitting relay；transmission relay

座式继电器 shelf-type relay

插入式继电器 plug-in type relay

重力继电器 gravitation type relay

弹力继电器 spring-type relay

热[力]继电器 thermal relay

整流继电器 rectifier relay

无极继电器 neutral relay

有极继电器 polarized relay

偏极继电器 polar biased relay

组合继电器 combination relay

交流二元二位继电器 AC two element two position relay

缓动继电器 slow-acting relay

缓吸继电器 slow pick-up relay

缓放继电器 slow release relay

快动继电器 quick-acting relay

快吸继电器 quick pick-up relay

正常动作继电器 normal acting relay

转辙机 switch machine

电动转辙机 electric switch machine

电空转辙机 electropneumatic switch machine

电液转辙机 electrohydraulic switch machine

大功率转辙机 heavy duty switch machine

快速转辙机 quick-acting switch machine

传动系统 driving system

锁闭系统 locking system

[自动]开闭器 switch circuit controller

摩擦联结器 frictional clutch

摩擦电流；故障电流 frictional working current

动作杆 throw rod

表示杆 indication rod

锁闭杆 locking rod

正装 right-handed machine

反装 left-handed machine

动程 stroke

挤脱 trailable

挤切 dissectible

挤切销 dissectible pin

牵引力 tractive force

工作电流 working current

锁闭力 locking force

解锁力 releasing force

动作连接杆 operating rod for driving a switch

表示连接杆 connecting rod for indication

安全接点 safety contact； power off contact

转辙机安装装置 switch machine installation

直流供电制 DC power supply system

交流供电制 AC power supply system

混合供电制 AC-battery power supply system

浮充供电 floating charge power supply

主电源 main power source

备电源 stand-by power source

集中供电 centrally connected power supply

干线供电 main linely connected power supply

环状供电 looply connected power supply

一次电池供电 primary cell power supply

蓄电池供电 storage battery power supply

整流器供电 rectifier power supply

混合电源 AC-battery power source

条件电源 conditional power source

方向电源 directional traffic power source

集中电源 centrally connected power source

局部电源 locally supplied power source

信号机点灯电源 signal lighting power source

事故照明 emergency lighting

自动转换；自动切换 automatic switching over

电源屏 power supply panel

交流电源屏 AC power supply panel

直流电源屏 DC power supply panel

条件电源屏 conditional power supply panel

电源转换屏 power switching over panel

电压自动调整器 automatic voltage regulator

自动调压 automatic voltage regulation

手动调压 manual voltage regulation

道岔控制电源 power source for switch control

道岔动作电源 power source for switch operation

道岔表示电源 power source for switch indication

继电器控制电源 power source for relay control

表示灯电源 power source for indication lamp

闪光电源 flashing power source

熔断器 fuse

避雷器 lightning arrester

故障-安全 fail-safe

可靠性 reliability

安全性 safety

错误办理 wrong handling

导向安全 failure to the safe side

瞬时分路不良 instantaneous loss of shunting

邻线干扰 interference from neighbouring line

强电干扰 high voltage interference

谐波干扰 harmonic interference

内燃牵引干扰 diesel traction interference

雷电干扰 lightning interference

错误锁闭 false locking

错误解锁 false release

错误开放信号 wrong clearing of a signal

错误关闭信号 false stopping of a signal

道岔失去表示 loss of indication of a switch

道岔错误表示 false indication of a switch

自动缓解 false release by itself

漏锁闭 missing locking

漏解锁 missing release

失去联锁 loss of interlocking

停电 power failure

电压过低 voltage below level

灯丝断丝 filament burn-out

熔断器断丝 fuse burn-out

插接不良 plug-in trouble

线头脱落 wire lead drop out

维修不良 not well maintained

检修不良 not well inspected and repaired

施工妨碍 construction interference

材质不良 bad material

绝缘不良 bad insulation

钢轨绝缘不良 bad rail insulation

接触不良 bad contact

道岔中途转换 switch thrown under moving cars

人为故障 human failure

故障办理 emergency treatment after failure

故障复原 restoration after a failure

故障积累 failure accumulation

故障升级 progression of failure

封锁 close up

区间封锁 section closed up

道岔封锁 switch closed up

设备停用 equipment out-of use

开通 put into operation

加封 sealing

破封 break a seal

信号机前方；信号机外方 in advance of a signal

信号机后方；信号机内方 in rear of a signal

继电器室 relay room

电源室 power supply room

蓄电池室 battery room

储酸室 acid store room

控制台室 control room

空气压缩机室 air compressor room

驼峰机械修理室 hump mechanics repair room

油压动力室 hydraulic pressure engine room

信号维修 signal maintenance

定期维修 periodical maintenance

日常维修 current maintenance

预防维修 preventive maintenance

故障修 corrective maintenance

计划修 planned maintenance

在线修 on line maintenance

脱线修 off line maintenance

轮修 alternative maintenance

信号集中修 signal centralized maintenance

信号检修 signal inspection； signal check-out maintenance

信号整治 signal renovation

检测 check-out； inspection and measurement

信号中修 signal intermediate repair

信号大修 signal overhaul repair； signal major repair

信号故障 signal fault

误用故障 misuse fault

妨害故障 hindrance fault

干砌石 Dry stone pitching

浆砌石 Grouted stone pitching

液压喷播植草 grass planting by hydraulic jetting

土工合成材料 geo-technic synthetic material

抛填片石 Throw-filling stone

换填沙石 Sandstone for exchange-filling

粉喷桩 Color-painting stake

护轮轨 Guard rail

框架式中桥 Frame-structure medium bridge

单孔盖板箱涵 plate-covered culvert of single span

一次铺设区间无缝线路 lay jointless rails in the sections with a throughout completion

大型机械化养路机组整道 track leveling and lining with large maintenance machine

应力放散锁定 dispersing and lock-up of the stress

工程技术部 Construction & Technology Division；

机械物资部 Machinery & Material Division

安全质量环保部 Safety-Quality Control and Environment Protection Division

计划财务部 Planning & Accounting Division

综合办公室 general Service Office

工程试验室 Engineering Laboratory

工具轨排 tool track panel

铁路宿营车 railway coach wagon

单元轨 unit rail

换装站 Transferring station

会让线 evading line

生活污水 living sewage

泥结碎石路面 Clay-bound macadam pavement

站后工程 after-station works

轨排拼装场 Track Panel Assembling Yard

常电 city power supply

轨料 track material

成品轨排 finished track panel

紧密流水法 close streaming method

精细整道 fine lining and leveling

围栏 surrounding fence

吊栏 hanging rail

统筹兼顾、突出重点、科学组织、合理安排、均衡生产、全面展开 overall plan and consideration；

outstanding point； scientific organization； reasonable arrangement； balance production； full

extension

接轨站场 track connection station and yard

基坑 base pit

内燃机车 diesel locomotive

往复式轨排生产线 to/fro track panel production line

轨道吊 track crane

铝热焊 thermit welding

钢轨伸缩调节器 rail telescopic adjusting device

承包制 unit-work undertaking system

土工材料 geo-technical material

桥梁倒装龙门吊 beam-reverse-loading gantry crane

扳道员 shunter

对讲机 walkie talkie

梭头 guard rail point

捣固机 Tamping Machine

配碴整形车 Ballasting and Shaping Machine

动力稳定车 Power Stabilizing Machine

轨检车 rail check machine

推土机 bulldozer

平地机 grader

压路机 road roller

直尺 straight edge

硬弯 hard bending

扭曲 twist

裂纹 flaw

毛刺 burr

折叠 folding

除锈 rust removing

焊接 welding

正火 normalizing

水冷 water cooling

调直 straightening

精磨 fine grinding

探伤 fault detecting and checking

试生产 trial production

型式试验 type test

预留轨缝 pre-formed rail gauge

轨隙片 rail gap slices

液压匀轨机 hydraulic rail setter

钢轨打磨车 rail grinder

移动停车信号 mobile stop-sign

移动减速信号 mobile slow-down sign

调车线 train dispatching line

牵出线 towing line

驼峰线 hump line

铁路；铁道 railway railroad

铁路线 railway line； railroad line

铁路网 railway network； railroad network

铁道科学 railway science

铁路技术 railway technology

铁路等级 railway classification

国有铁路 national railway； state railway

地方铁路 local railway； regional railway

私有铁路 private railway

合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway

标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway

窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway

米轨铁路 meter-gage railway

宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway

单线铁路 single track railway

双线铁路 double track railway

多线铁路 multiple track railway

重载铁路 heavy haul railway

高速铁路 high speed railway

电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway； electric railway

干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway

市郊铁路 suburban railway

地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway

工业企业铁路 industry railway

矿山铁路 mine railway

轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail

高架铁路 elevated railway

单轨铁路；独轨铁路 monorail； monorail railway

磁浮铁路 magnetic levitation railway； maglev

森林铁路 forest railway

山区铁路 mountain railway

既有铁路 existing railway

新建铁路 newly-built railway

改建铁路 reconstructed railway

运营铁路 railway in operation； operation； operating railway

专用铁路 special purpose railway

干线 trunk line； main line

支线 branch line

铁路专用线 railway special line

货运专线 railway line for freight traffic； freight special line； freight traffic only line

客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic； passenger special line； passenger traffic only line

客货运混合铁路 railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic

铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length

列车运行图 train diagram

铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway

区间 section

区段 district

轨距 rail gage； rail gauge

轮重 wheel load

轴重 axle load

最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load

限制轴重 axle load limited

限界 clearance； gauge

限界图 clearance diagram

铁路建筑限界 railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway； railway struction

gauge

基本建筑限界 fundamental construction clearance； fundamental structure gauge

桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance； bridge structure gauge

隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance； tunnel structure gauge

铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge

机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock

机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock

装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge

阔大货物限界 clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize

commodities

接触网限界 clearance limt for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system；

overhead catenary system gauge

列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction

轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction

粘着系数 adhesion coefficient

车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid

车轮空转 wheel slipping

牵引种类 kinds of traction； category of traction

牵引方式 mode of traction

牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction

装载系数 loading coefficient

速度 speed

持续速度 continuous speed

限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction

均衡速度 balancing speed

构造速度 construction speed； design speed

最高速度 maximum speed

临界速度 critical speed

重载列车 heavy haul train

高速列车 high speed train

超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train

列车正面冲突 train collision

列车尾追 train tail collision

列车尾部防护 train rear end protection

伸缩运动 fore and aft motion

蛇行运动 hunting； nosing

列车压缩 train running in

列车拉伸 train running out

列车分离 train separation

列车颠覆 train overturning

列车动力学 train dynamics

列车空气动力学 train acrodynamics

机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock

纵向振动 longitudinal vibration

横向振动 lateral vibration

垂向振动 vertical vibration

摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration

浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration

测滚振动 rolling ； vibration

测摆振动 swaying； vibration

点头振动 pitching； nodding

摇头振动 yawing； hunting

机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock

机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling

纵向冲击 longitudinal impact

横向冲击 lateral impact

垂向冲击 vertical impact

货运站综合作业自动化 automation of synthetic operations at freight station

行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control

编组场综合作业自动化 automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard

铁路运营信息系统 railway operation information system

铁路数据交换系统 railway data exchange system

运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system

铁路法 railway law

铁道法规 railway act

铁路条例 railway code

铁路技术管理规程 regulations of railway technical operation

综合运输 comprehensive transport； multi-mode transport； intermode transport

国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic

大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway； intercontinental railway； land-railway

国际联运协定 agreement of international through traffic

国际联运议定书 protocol of international through traffic

国际铁路联运公约 convention of international railway through traffic

铁路新线建设 newly-built railway construction

铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway； technical renovation of railway； betterment and

improvement of railway

铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway； main techincal requirement of railway

单位工程 unit project

分部工程 part project

分项工程 item project

预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study

项目建议书 proposed task of project

可行性研究 feasibility study

设计阶段 design phase； design stage

三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design

两阶段设计 two-step design； two-phase design

一阶段设计 one-step design； one-phase design

初步设计 preliminary design

技术设计 technical design

扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design； expanded preliminary design

施工图设计 construction detail design； working-drawing design

变更设计 altered design

设计概算 apporximate estimate of design； budgetary estimate of design

个别概算 individual approximate estimate

综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate

总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate

修正总概算 amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate

调整总概算 adjusted sum of approximate estimate

投资检算 checking of investment

预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget

概算定额 rating of approximate estimate； rating form for estimate

投资估算 investment estimate

估算指标 index of estimate

机械台班定额 rating per machine per team； rating per machine-team

工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project

工程间接费 indirect expense of project； indirect cost of project

工程预备费 reserve fund of project

设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design

竣工决算 final accounts of completed project

铁路用地 right-of-way

铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance

调查测绘 survey and drawing of investigation； investigation survey； investigation surveying and

sketching

地形调查 topographic survey

地貌调查 topographic feature survey； geomorphologic survey

地质调查 geologic survey

经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey

水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey

土石成分调查 survey of soil and rock composition

土石物理力学性质 physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock

土石分类 classificaion of soil and rock

地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation； bearing capacity of ground； bearing of subgrade

隧道围岩分级 classification of tunnel surrounding rock

地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map

勘探 exploration； prospecting

挖探 excavation prospecting

钻探 boring； exploration drilling

物探 geophysical prospecting

室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test

原位测试 in situ test

静力触探 static sounding； static probing； cone penetration test

动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test

标准贯入试验 standard penetration test

区域地质 regional geology

工程地质 engineering geology

不良地质 unfavorable geology

特殊地质 special geology

工程地质条件 engineering geologic； requirement； engineering geologic condition

气象资料 meteorological data

冻结深度 freezing depth

地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake； seismic basic intensity

工程地质图 engineering geological map

地层柱状图 column diagram of stratum； graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum

洪水调查 flood survey

河道调查 river course survey

冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey

汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics

水文断面 hydrologic sectional drawing； dydrologic section； hydrologic cross-section

主河槽 main river channel

设计流速 design current velocity

设计高程；设计标高 design elevation

河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river

历史洪水位 historic flood level

最高水位 highest water level； HWL

通航水位 navigation water level； NWL

桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert

水利半径 hydraulic radius

桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge

桥渡勘测设计 survey and design of bridge crossing

水面坡度 slope of water surface

水文测量 hydrological survey

泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow

分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge

汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area

洪水频率 flood frequency

设计流量 design discharge

设计水位 design water level

施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level

设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph

容许冲刷 allowable scour

一般冲刷 general scour

局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour

铁路测量 railway survey

线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance

初测 preliminary survey

定测 location survey； alignment； final location survey

导线测量 traversing； traverse survey

光电导线 photoelectric traverse

地形测量 topographical survey

横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling

线路测量 route survey； profile survey； longitudinal survey

既有线测量；旧线测量 survey of existing railway

线路复测 repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway

测量精度 survey precision； precision of survey

均方差；中误差 mean square error

最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error

中线测量 center line survey

中线桩 center line stake

加桩 additional stake； plus stake

外移桩 shift out stake； stake outward； offset stake

水准点高程测量 benchmark leveling

中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling

曲线控制点 curve control point

放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route

交点 intersection point

副交点 auxiliary intersection point

转向角 deflection angle

分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle

坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth

象限角 quadrantal angle

经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate

断链 broken chain

投影断链 projection of broken chain

断高 broken height

铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry

铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying

航带设计 flight strip design； design of flight strip

铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology

测段 segment of survey

航测选线 aerial surveying alignment

航测外控点 field control point of aerophotogrammetry

全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS

像片索引图 index of photography

三角测量 trigonometric survey； triangulation

精密导线测量 precise traverse survey； accurate traverse survey

三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling

隧道洞外控制测量 ouside tunnel control survey

隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey； through survey

隧道洞口投点 horizontal point of tunnel portal； geodetic control point of portal location of adit

桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis

铁路选线 railway location； approximate railway location； location of railway route selection

平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location

越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain

山区河谷选线 mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region

丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land

工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line

线间距 distance between centers of tracks； midway between tracks

车站分布 distribution of stations

方案比选 scheme comparison； route alternative

投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost

纸上定线 paper location of line

缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope

紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade

非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade； section fo insufficient grade

导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line

拔起高度；克服高度 height of lifting； lifting height； ascent of elevation

横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location； location with cross-section method；

cross-section method for location of line

展线 extension of line； development of line； line development

展线系数 coefficient of extension line； coefficient of development line

套线 overlapping line

线路平面图 track plan； line plan

线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile

站坪长度 length of station site

站坪坡度 grade of station site

控制区间 control section； controlling section

最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve

圆曲线 circular curve

单曲线 simple curve

缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve； spiral transition curve

缓和曲线半截变更率 rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve

复曲线 compound curve

同向曲线 curves of same sense； adjacent curves in one direction

反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense

夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves

坡度 grade； gradient； slope

人字坡 double spur grade

限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade

加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade

最大坡度 maximum grade

临界坡度 critical grade

长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade

动力坡度 momentum grade

均衡坡度 balanced grade

有害地段 harmful district

无害地段 harmless district

变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade

坡段 grade section

坡段长度 length of grade section

坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients

竖曲线 vertical curve

分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient

缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade

起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting

加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration； accelerating grade

坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation

曲线折减 compensation of curve； curve compesation

隧道坡度折减 compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel

绕行地段 detouring section； round section

换侧；换边 change side of double line

容许应力设计法 allowable stress design method

破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method

极限状态设计法 limit state design method

概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法 probabilisatic limit state design method

地震系数法 seismic coefficient method

路基 subgrade； road bed； formation subgrade

岩石路基 rock subgrade

渗水土路基 permeable soil subgrade； pervious embankment

非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade； impervious embankment

特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil

软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone； subgrade in soft； clay region

泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland

膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region

盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone； subgrade in saline soil region

多年冻土路基 subgrade in permafrost soil zone

特殊条件下的路基 subgrade under special condition

河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach

滨河路堤 embankment on river bank

水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir

崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district； subgrade in collapse zone

岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone； subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone

滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide

岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone

洞穴地段路基 subgrade in cavity zone； subgrade in cavern zone

风沙地段路基 subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert

雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone； subgrade in snow disaster zone

泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone

路基横断面 subgrade cross-section

路基面 subgrade surface； formation

路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface； formation width

路拱 road crown； subgrade crown

路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder

路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level

路堤 embankment； fill

路堑 cut； road； cutting

半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section

基床 subgrade bed； formation

基床表层 surface layer of subgrade bed； formation top layer； surface layer of subgrade

基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed

一般路基 general subgrade； ordinary subgrade

最小填筑高度 minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill

临界高度 critical height

基底 foundation base； base

路堤边坡 side slope of embankment； fill slope talus

坡脚 toe of side slope

护道 berm

取土坑 borrow pit

路堤填料 embankment fill material； embankment filler； filling material of embankment

填料分类 classification of filling material

岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler； rock fill

粗粒土填料 coarse-grained soil filler； coarse-grained soil fill

细粒土填料 fine-grained soil filler； fine-grained soil fill

压实标准 compacting criteria

相对密度 relative density

压实系数 compacting factor； compacting coefficient

最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content

最佳密度 optimum density； best density

核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture

路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slab of subgrade

预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance

反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm

石灰砂桩 lime sand pile

换土 change soil； soil replacement

爆破排淤 blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion； discharge of sedimentation

by blasting

抛石挤淤 throwing stones to packing sedimentation； packing sedimentation by throwing stones；

packing up sedimentation by dumping stones

路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut

定向爆破 directional blasting

浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting

深孔爆破 deep hole blasting

洞室药包爆破 chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting

扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting

抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting

松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock

药壶爆破 pot hole blasting

裸露腰包爆破 adobe blasting； contact blasting

路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut

堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting

路堑平台 platform of cutting； berm in cutting

弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank

挡土墙 retaining wall

重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall

衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall； gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced

type retaining wall

锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods； anchored bulkhead retaining wall； anchored plate

retaining wall

加筋土挡土墙 reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall

锚杆挡墙 anchored bolt retaining wall； anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods

管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall

沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall

抗滑桩 anti-slide pile； counter-sliding pile

护墙 guard wall

护坡 slope protection； revertment； pitching

排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch

边沟；侧沟 side ditch

天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch

吊沟 suspended ditch

跌水 hydraulic drop

截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain

急流槽 chute

排水槽 drainage channel

渗水暗沟 blind drain

渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel； drainage tunnel

渗井 leaching well； seepage well

渗管 leaky pipe

平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage

反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter

检查井 inspection well； manhole

砂井；排水砂井 sand drain

隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer

透水路堤 pervious embankment； permeable embankment

渗水路堤 immerseable embankment

排水砂垫层 sand filled drainage layer； drainage sand blanker

坡面防护 slope protection

护岸 revetment； shore protection

导流堤 diversion dike

拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree

落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks

柴排 firewood raft； mattress； willow fascine

固沙造林 stabilization for sands by afforestation

挡风墙 wind-break wall

防风栅栏 wind break fence

砂土液化 sand liquefaction

中-活载 CR-live loading； China railway standard loading

桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge

桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum

换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load

设计荷载 design load

主力 principal load

恒载 dead load

土压力 earth load

静水压力 hydrostatic pressure

浮力 buoyancy

列车活载 live load of train

列车离心力 centrifugal force of train

列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train

冲击系数 ceofficient of impact

人行道荷载 sidewalk loading

附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load

列车制动力 braking force of train

列车牵引力 tractive force of train

风荷载 wind load

列车横向摇摆力 lateral swaying force of train

流水压力 pressure of water flow

冰压力 ice pressure

冻胀力 frost heaving force

特殊荷载 particular load

船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft

地震力 seismic force

地震烈度 earthquake intensity

地震震级 earthquake magnitude

施工荷载 constructional loading

荷载组合 loading conbination

铁路桥 railway bridge

公铁两用桥 combined bridge； combined highway and railway bridge； combined rail-cum-road bridge

跨线桥；立交桥 overpass bridge； grade separation bridge； flyover

高架桥 viaduct

旱桥 dry bridge

人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge

圬工桥 masonry bridge

钢桥 steel bridge

铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge

栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge

全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge

摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt

扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot

螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator

混凝土桥 concrete bridge

钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge

预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge

先张法预应力梁 pretensioned prestressed concrete girder

后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder

部分预应力混凝土桥 partially prestressed concrete bridge

结合梁桥 composite beam bridge

低高度梁 shallow girder

无碴无枕梁 girder without ballast and sleeper

型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete； skeleton

reinforced concrete girder

简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge

连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge

悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge

板桥 slab bridge

空心板桥 hollow slab bridge

板梁 plate girder

工形梁 I-beam

箱形梁 box girder

槽形梁 trough girder

桁架 truss

拆装式桁架 demountable truss

刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge

斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge； slant-legged rigid frame bridge

悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge

悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge

斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge

浮桥 pontoon bridge； floating bridge； bateau bridge

拱桥 arch bridge

固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch

双铰拱 two-hinged arch

三铰拱 three-hinged arch

实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch

空腹拱 open-spandrel arch

双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch

系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch

榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge； flexible arch bridge with rigid tie

洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥 Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical

sespenders

尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge

尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥 Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and

inclined suspenders

活动桥 movable bridge

竖旋桥 bascule bridge

平旋桥 swing bridge

升降桥 lift bridge

正交桥 right bridge

斜交桥 skew bridge

曲线桥 curved bridge

曲梁 curved beam

特大桥 super maior bridge

大桥 major bridge

中桥 medium bridge

小桥 minor bridge

单线桥 single track bridge

双线桥 double track bridge

多线桥 multi-track bridge

正桥； 主桥 main bridge

引桥 approach spans

上承式桥 deck bridge

半穿式桥；中承式 half through bridge； midheight deck bridge

下承式桥 through bridge

双层桥 double-deck bridge

永久性桥 permanent bridge

临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge

跨径；跨度 span

净跨 clear spam

桥梁全长 overall length of bridge

桥下净空 underneath clearance

主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder

节间长度 panel length

梁高 depth of girder

拱度 camber

挠度 deflection

节间 panel

锚跨；锚孔 anchor span

悬跨；吊孔 suspended span

桥梁上部结构 superstructure

腹板 web plate

翼缘 flange

翼缘板 flange plate

弦杆 chord member

腹杆 web member

斜杆 diagonal member

竖杆 vertical member

吊杆 suspender hanger

加劲杆 stiffener

节点 panel point

节点板 gusset plate

拼接板 splice plate

缀条 lacing bar

缀板 stay plate； tie plate

侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing

横联 sway bracing

制动撑架 braking bracing

桥门架 portal frame

纵梁 stringer

横梁 floor beam； transverse beam

桥面系 floor system

端横梁 end floor beam

起重横梁 jacking floor beam

梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change

应变时效 strain ageing

碳当量 carbon equivalent

钢丝 steel wire

钢丝束 bundled steel wires

钢绞线 steel strand

钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar

箍筋 stirrup

纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement

弯起钢筋 bent-up bar

架立钢筋 erection bar

构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement

预应力筋 tendon

套管 sheath

梁腋 haunch

拱圈 arch ring

拱肋 arch rib

拱顶 rach crown

拱矢 rise of arch

起拱点 springing

拱腹 soffit

拱腹线 intrados

拱背钱 extrados

桥塔 bridge tower； pylon

索平面 cable plane

缆索 cable

斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable

吊缆 suspension cable

索鞍 cable saddle

索夹 cable band； cable clamp

锚座 socket

锚碇 anchorage

明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor

桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough

道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor

桥梁护轨 guard rall of bridge

桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge

桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper

桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge

步行板 foot plank

避车台 refuge platform

伸缩缝 expansion joint

正交异性板 orthotropic plate

栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing

泻水孔 drainage opening

直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders

抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector

支座 bearing

固定支座 fixed bearing

活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing

平板支座 plate bearing

摇轴芝座 rocker bearing

滚轴支座 roller bearing

球面支座 spherical bearing

板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing

盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing

聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing

涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation

弛振 galloping

颤振 flutter

扰流板 spoiler

风嘴 wind fairing

桥梁自振周期 natural vibration period of bridge

浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating

架桥机架设法 erection by bridge girder erecting equipment

顶推式架设法 erection by incremental launching

拖拉架设法 launching method

赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding

悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion

悬臂灌注法 cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended

formwork

悬臂拼装法 cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast

concrete

预制混凝土构件 precast concrete units； precast concrete members

活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller

桥梁合龙 closure

就地贯注法 cast-in-place method； cast-in-situ method

活动吊篮 travelling cradle

顶进法 jack-in method

旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method

液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack

桥梁下部结构 substructure

桥台 abutment

重力式桥台 gravity abutment

埋置式桥台 buried abutment

锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutment

U形桥台 U-shaped abutment

耳墙式桥台 abutment with cantilevered retaining wall

台身 abutment body

前墙 front wall

台帽 abutment coping

翼墙 wing wall

锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking

台后填方 filling behind abutment

桥墩 pier

空心桥墩 hollow pier

实体桥墩 solid pier

重力式桥墩 gravity pier

柔性桥墩 flexible pier

拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units

制动墩 braking pier

柱式桥墩 column pier

V形桥墩 V-shaped pier

圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier

圆形桥墩 circular pier

矩形桥墩 rectangular pier

排架式桥墩 pile bent pier

墩身 pier body； pier shaft

墩帽 pier coping

围栏 railing around coping of pier or abutment

承台 bearing platform

破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater； ice guard

地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade

加固地基 improved foundation； improved ground

天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground

桥梁基础 bridge foundation

扩大基础 spread foundation

明挖基础 open-cut foundation； open excavation foundation

沉井基础 open caisson foundation

浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation

沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson

围堰 cofferdam

双壁钢围堰钻孔基础 double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation

预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation

泥浆套沉井法 slurry jacket method for sinking caisson

空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson

沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation

管柱基础 tubular column foundation

桩基础 pile foundation

预制桩 precast pile

就地灌注桩 cast-in-place concrete pile； cast-in-situ concrete pile

螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile

摩擦桩 friction pile

支承桩 bearing pile

钻孔桩 bored pile

挖孔桩 dug pile

钢桩 steel pile

钢管桩 steel pipe pile

钢板桩 steel sheet pile

板桩 sheet pile

木桩 timber pile

钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile

砂桩 sand pile

挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile

流砂 quick sand； drift sand

送桩 pile follower

试桩 test pile

斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile

护筒 pile casting

重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method

灰土换填夯实法 mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping

灌注水下混凝土 underwater concreting； concreting with tremie method

导流建筑物 regulating structure

丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike

顺坝 longitudinal dam

河床铺砌 river bed paving

码头 wharf

排架 bent

脚手架 scaffold

悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold

铁路涵洞 railway culvert

涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert

管涵 pipe culvert

箱涵 box culvert

拱涵 arch culvert

盖板涵 slab culvert

无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert

压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert

半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert

明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain

倒虹吸管 inverted siphon

潮汐河流 tidal river

淤积 silting； siltation

流冰 ice drift

铁路轮渡 railway car ferries

轮渡站 ferry station

轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge

渡轮 ferry boat

轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip

铁路隧道 railway tunnel

山岭隧道 mountain tunnel

越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel

水下隧道；水地隧道 subaqueous tunnel； underwater tunnel

地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel

浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel； shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel

深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel； deep burying tunnel

单线隧道 single track tunnel

双线隧道 double track tunnel

多线隧道 multiple track tunnel

车站隧道 station tunnel

地铁车站 subway station； metro station

特长隧道 super long tunnel

长隧道 long tunnel

中长隧道 medium tunnel

短隧道 short tunnel

隧道群 tunnel group

地铁工程 subway engineering； metro engineering

洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening

隧道进口 tunnel entrance

隧道出口 tunnel exit

迎坡；正面坡 front slope

洞门 tunnel portal

洞门框 tunnel portal frame

端墙式洞门 end wall tunnel portal

柱式洞门 post tunnel portal

翼墙式洞门 wing wall tunnel portal

耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnel portal

台阶式洞门 bench tunnel portal

正洞门 orthonormal tunnel portal； straight tunnel portal

斜洞门 skew tunnel portal

明洞门 open-cut-tunnel portal； gallery portal

衬砌 lining

拱圈 arch

边墙 side wall

仰拱 invert； inverted arch

底板 floor

整体式衬砌 integral lining

装配式衬砌 precast lining； prefabricated lining

模筑衬砌 moulded lining

洞口段衬砌 lining of tunnel portal section

偏压衬砌 unsymmetrically loading lining； eccentrically compressed lining

组合衬砌；复合衬砌 composite lining

初期支护 primary support

二次衬砌 secondary lining

隔离层 isolation layer

喷锚衬砌 shorcrete bolt lining

下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌 anchor-section lining

挤压混凝土衬砌 extruding concrete tunnel lining

隔热层 thermal insulation layer

明洞 open-cut tunnel； tunnel without cover； gallery

拱形明洞 arch open cut tunnel； arch tunnel without cover； arch gallery

棚洞 shed tunnel； shed gallery

路堑式明洞 cut-type open cut tunnel； cut-type tunnel without cover； cut-type gallery

半路堑式明洞 part cut-type open cut tunnel； part cut-type tunnel without cover； part cut-type gallery

抗滑明洞 anti-skid-type open cut tunnel； anti-skid-type tunnel without cover； anti-skid-type gallery

盖板式棚洞 slab shed tunnel； slab shed gallery

刚架式棚洞 framed shed tunnel； framed shed gallery

悬臂式棚洞 cantilever shed tunnel； cantilever shed gallery

隧道专家系统 expert system of tunnel

围岩 surrounding rock

围岩压力 pressure of surrounding rock

地层压力 ground pressure； stratum pressure

松弛压力 relaxation pressure

形变压力 deformation pressure

围岩自承能力 self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock

坑道自稳时间 self-stabilization time of tunnel

弹性抗力 elastic resistance

灌浆压力 grouting pressure

落石冲击力 impact force of falling stone

隧道埋置深度；埋深 buried depth of tunnel

地温梯度 geothermal dradient

地应力 crustal stress

预留变形量 deformation allowance

暗挖法 subsurface excavation method

明挖法 open-cut method

矿山法 mining method； mine tunneling method

钻眼爆破法 drilling and blasting method

新奥法 New Austrian Tunnelling Method； NATM

喷锚构筑法 shotcrete-bolt construction method

掘进机法 tunnel boring machine method

盾构法 shield method

沉管法 immersed tunnelling method

地下连续墙法 underground diaphragm wall method； underground wall method； diaphragm wall

method

全断面开挖法 full-face tunnelling method

分部开挖法 partial excavation method

台阶法 benching tunnelling method

正台阶法 positive benching tunnelling method

反台阶法 negative benching tunnelling method

导坑 heading

上下导坑法 top and bottom heading method

上导坑法 top-heading method

漏斗棚架法 hopper-shed support tunnelling method

蘑菇形开挖法 mushroom-type tunnelling method

侧壁导坑法 side heading method

单侧导坑法 single side heading method

双侧导坑法 twin-side heading method

品字形导坑法 top and twin-side bottom heading method

眼睛式开挖法 spectacles type tunnelling method

超前导坑 advance heading

扩大 enlargement

拉槽 pull trough； trench excavated

马口 excavation of side wall at intervals

控制爆破 controlled blasting

光面爆破 smooth blasting

预裂爆破 presplit blasting

先墙后拱法 side wall first lining method

先拱后墙法 arch first lining method； flying arch method

开挖工作面 excavated surface； excavated work face

超挖 overbreak

欠挖 underbreak

找顶 top cleaning

出碴 mucking and removing

有轨运输 track transportation

无规运输 trackless transportation

拱圈封顶 closing the toop of lining

墙顶封口 seal； seal at the top of wall

喷射混凝土回弹 rebound of shotcrete

隧道贯通 tunnel holing-through

隧道贯通误差 tunnel through error

隧道贯通面 tunnel through plane

临时支护 temporary support

构件支撑 member support

钢拱支撑 steel arch support

喷射混凝土支护 shotcrete support

锚杆支护 anchor bolt support

喷锚支护 shotcrete and rock bolt support

系统锚杆 system anchor bolt

超前支护 advance support

超前锚杆 advance anchor bolt

插板支护 inserting plate support； forepoling

小导管预注浆 pre-grouting with small duct

管棚支护 pipe-shed support； pipe roofing support

格构拱；钢花拱；格棚拱 trellis arch； lattice arch

喷射混凝土 shotcrete； spray concrete

干喷混凝土 dry shotcreting

湿喷混凝土 wet shotcreting

潮喷混凝土；半湿喷混凝土 half set shotcreting

喷射钢纤维混凝土 steel fiber shotcrete； steel fiber reinforced shotcrete

防水混凝土 waterproof concrete

预切槽 precutting trough

辅助坑道 service gallery

竖井 shaft

斜井 inlined shaft

横洞 transverse gallery

平行导坑 parallel heading

横通道 transverse passage-way

调查坑道 investigation gallery； survey tunnel

竖井联系测量 shaft connection survey

隧道防水 waterproofing of tunnel

防水等级 classification of waterproof

防水层 waterproof layer

防水板 waterproof board； waterproof sheet

防水涂层 waterproofing coating

隧道压浆 pressure grouting of tunnel

止水带 water stop tie

盲沟 blind ditch

泻水洞 drain cavern； drain tunnel

隧道运营通风 permanent ventilation of tunnel

自然通风 natural ventilation

机械通风 mechanical ventilation

风道式通风 ventilation by air passage

隧道通风帘幕 ventilation curtain

列车活塞作用 piston action of train

隧道射流式通风 tunnel efflux ventilation； tunnel injector type ventilation

隧道通风试验 tunnel ventilation test

隧道施工通风 construction ventilation of tunnel

风管式通风 ventilation by pipes

巷道式通风 ventilation by ducts

隧道照明 tunnel illumination； tunnel lighting

隧道防灾设施 tunnel anti-disaster equipment

避车洞 refuge hole； refuge recess； refuge niche

隧道火灾 tunnel fire hazard

隧道报警装置 tunnel warning equipment

隧道消防系统 tunnel fire-fighting system

隧道瓦斯爆炸 tunnel gas explosion

隧道监控量测 tunnel monitoring measurement

隧道地表沉降 tunnel ground subsidence

隧道拱顶下沉 tunnel arch top settlement

隧道底鼓 tunnel floor heave

隧道周边位移 tunnel perimeter deflection

隧道地中位移 tunnel surrounding mass deflection

隧道改建 tunnel reconstruction

隧道落底 under cut of tunnel

隧道挑顶 top picking of tunnel

隧道套拱 cover arch of tunnel

施工调查 construction investigation

施工准备 construction preparation

征地 expropriation

拆迁 removing

租地 rented land

交接桩 delivery-receiving stake

施工复测 construction repetition； repetive survey； construction repetition survey

测量放样 staking out in survey

土石方调配 cut-fill transition

土石方体积图；土积图 volume diagram of earth-rock work

隐蔽工程 hidden project； hidden construction work

废弃工程 abandoned project； abandoned construction work

工程运输 engineering transportation

冬季施工 cold weather construction； winter season construction

雨季施工 raining season construction； rainy season construction

工程招标 calling for tenders of project； calling for tending of project

工程投标 bidding for project

工程报价 project quoted price

工程发包 contracting out of project

工程承包 contracting of project

工程监理 supervision of construction； supervision of project

总预算 total budget

单项预算 individual budget

建筑业总产值 total output of building industry

指导性施工组织设计 design for guiding construction organization； guiding design for construction

scheme

实施性施工组织设计 design for practical construction organization； practical design ofr construction

scheme； operative construction organization design

临时工程 temporary project

大型临时工程 large-scale temporary project

小型临时工程 small-scale temporary project

过渡工程 transition project

控制工程 dominant project

关键工程 key project

辅助设施 auxiliary facilities

通车期限 time limit for opening to traffic

施工总工期 total time of construction； total construction time

施工组织方案 construction scheme

开工报告 report on starting of construction work； commencement report of construction work；

construction starting report

竣工报告 completion repport of construction work

施工计划管理 planned manangement of construction

网络计划技术 network planning technique

施工工艺流程 construction technology process； construction process

工法制度 construction method system

施工产值 construction output value

施工利润 construction profit

施工机械利用率 utilization ratio of construction machinery

施工机械完好率 ratio of construction machinery in good condition

施工形象进度 construction figuue progress； figurative progress of construction work

挖掘机 excavating machine； excavator

单斗挖土机 power shovel

索铲挖土机 dragline

反铲挖土机 backhoe

蛤壳式抓斗 clamshell bucket

推土机 bulldozer

铲运机 scoper； scraper； carrying scraper

装载机 loader

带式输送机 belt conveyer

平地机 grader

振动碾压机 vibration compactor vibration roller

压路机 roller

潜孔钻机 diving drill

凿岩机 air hammer drill； rock drill

碎石机 crusher

挖沟机 trench cutting machine； trenching machine； trencher

塔式起重机 tower crane； column crane

汽车式起重机 automobile crane； autocrane； truck crane

轮胎式起重机 rubber tired crane； rough-terrain crane

履带式起重机 crawler crane； caterpiller crane

轨道起重机 track crane； rail crane

浮式起重机；浮吊 floating crane

缆索起重机 cable crane

空中索道 aerial ropway

电动卷扬机 electric winch

电动吊车；电动葫芦 electric hoist

千斤顶 jack

打桩机 pile driver

蒸汽打桩机 steam pile driver； steam pile hammer

柴油打桩机 diesel pile driver

液压打桩机 hydraulic pile driver

振动打桩机 vibrating pile driver； vibratory driver

振动沉拨桩机 vibro-driver extractor

静压力拨桩机 static pressure pile extractor； static pressure pile drawing machine

履带式桩架 crawler pile frame

旋转式钻机 swiveling drill machine； rotary drill machine

灌水钻机 diving drill machine

套管钻机 drill machine with casting

冲击式钻机 impact-type drill machine； percussion type drill machine

离心水泵 centrifugal pump

真空水泵 vacuum pump

深井水泵 deep well pump

轴流水泵 axial flow pump

清水泵 driving pump

往复式空气压缩机 reciprocating compressor

螺杆式空气压缩机 screw compressor

单转子滑片式空压机 single rotary compressor

水泥输送泵 cement pump

混凝土搅拌机 concrete mixer

鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机 drum concrete mixer

锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机 tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer

锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机 tapered tilting concrete mixer

强制式混凝土搅拌机 forced concrete mixer

混凝土搅拌楼 concrete mixing plant

简易混凝土搅拌站 simple concrete mixing plant

混凝土搅拌运输车 concrete mixing and transporting car； truck mixer； transit mixer

混凝土输送泵 concrete pump

混凝土泵车 concrete pump truck

混凝土吊斗 concrete lifting bucket

钢筋调直机 bar straightener

钢筋切断机 bar cutter

钢筋弯曲机 bar bender

钢筋冷拉机 bar cold-drawing machine

插入式混凝土振捣器 immersion type vibrator for concrete

附着式混凝土振捣器 attached type vibrator for concrete； attached type vibrator

平板式混凝土振捣器 plate vibrator

混凝土振动台 concrete vibrating stand

长线张拉台座 stretching bed for longline production

斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机 cross stay derrick girder erecting machine

全回转式架梁起重机 full circle girderr erecting crane

双悬臂式架桥机 double cantilever girder-erecting machine

单梁式架桥机 single beam girder-erecting machine

双梁式架桥机 double beam girder-erecting machine

组拼式架桥机 assembly type girer-erecting machine

造桥机 bridge fabrication machine

工程船舶 engineering ship； engineering vessel

舟桥 bateau bridge

浮箱 floating box； pontoon

万能杆件 fabricated universal steel members

模板 form

组合钢模板 combined steel formwork

滑动模板 slip form

爬升模板 climbing shuttering

砌拱支架；碗扣式脚手架 soffit scaffolding

风镐 air pick； pneumatic pick

凿岩台车；钻孔台车 rock drilling jumbo

立爪式装岩机 vertical claw rock loader

蟹爪式装岩机 crab rock loader

梭式矿车 shutter car

槽式列车 bunker train

电瓶车 storage battery car

斗车 bucker loader

大型矿车 large scale ore car

装岩机 rock loader

干喷混凝土机 dry shotcreting machine

湿喷混凝土机 wet shotcreting machine

半湿喷混凝土机 half wet shotcreting machine

喷射混凝土机械手 shotcrete manipulator

风动凿岩机 pneumatic rock drill

手持式凿岩机 portable rock drill； jack hammer

通风机 ventilating set； ventilating machine； ventilator

注浆机 grouting machine； grouter

注浆泵 grouting pump； injection pump

隧道衬砌模板台车 working jumbo for tunnel lining； tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining

隧道掘进机 tunnel boring machine； TBM

盾构 shield

接触网架线车 installation vehicle for contact wire

接触网作业车 operation vehicle for contract wire

自卸汽车 dumping truck

斗式提升机 bucket elevator

安全技术措施 safety techincal measures

安全教育 safety education

事故报告 accident report

灾害性地质 disaster geology

突泥 projecting mud soil

突水 gushing water

冒顶 roof fall

岩爆 rock burst

瓦斯突出 gas projection

瓦斯浓度 gas density； gas consistency

掏底开挖；挖神仙土 cut the vertical earthwork bottom

施工防护 construction protection

线路封锁 track blockade； closure of track； traffic interruption

防护音响信号 protecting acoustic signal

覆盖防护 covered protection

近体防护 nearby protection

安全标志 safety mark； safety symbol； safety indicator

停车防护 stopping train protection； standing train protection

安全距离 safety distance

人员掩蔽所 hiding-place for personnel

待遇所 refuge place

安全地点 safety place

安全帽 safety cap； safety helmet

安全绳 safety rope safety strap

安全网 safety net

保险带 safety belt

安全梯 emergency staircase； fire escape

防护栏杆 protecction railing

安全用电 safety in utilizing electric energy

安全电压 safety voltage

消防设施 fire-fighting equipment

防火门 fire protection gate

消防器材 fire-fighting apparatus and materials

隔火带 fire protection strip

防火净距 fire protection distance

瓦斯治理 gas control

安全炸药 safety explosion； explosive charge； safety explosive

湿式凿岩 wet boring for rock； wet drilling for rock

防尘 dust prevention； dust control

防滑鞋 antiskid shoe

绝缘鞋 insulant shoe

防坠器 falling protector

阻车器 stop device

安全装置 safety device； safety equipment

救生设施 lifesaving appliance

防雷装置 lighting protection device

保护地线 protective earth wire

保护接地 protective grounding

触电保安器 electric shock protector

防爆设施 blasting protection facilities

质量管理 quality management

质量保证 quality assurance

质量控制 quality control

质量体系 quality system

质量监督 quality surperintendence； quality surveillance

工程质量检验 inspection of engineering quality

隐蔽工程检查 hidden project inspection

取样试验检查 sampling inspection

自测 visual measurement； visual observation

丈量 measure

仪器检查 inspect by instrument

全验 overall acceptance

抽验 selective acceptance

工程质量评定 evaluation of engineering quality

工程质量验收 acceptance of engineerying quality

随工验收 acceptance following construction； follow-up acceptance

中间验收 intermediate acceptance

缺陷工程 defect project； drawback project

合格工程 qualified project

样板工程 sample project

优质工程；优良工程 high grade project； high quality project

施工验收 delivery-receiving acceptance

工务段 track division； track district； track maintenance division

养路领工区 track subdivision； track maintenance subdivision

养路工区 track maintenance section； permanent way gang

养路领工员 track master； track supervisor

养路工长 track foreman

养路工 trackman； machine operator； track machanics

巡道工 track walker； track patrolling man

道口看守工 grade crossing watchman； level crossing watchman

桥隧巡守工 bridge and tunnel watchman； bridge and tunnel patrolling man

轨道；线路上部建筑 track

轨道类型 classification of track； track standard

轨道结构 track structure

有碴轨道 ballasted track

无碴轨道 ballastless track

线路 track； permanent way

有缝线路 jointed track

无缝线路 continuously welded rail track； jointless track

长轨线路 long welded rail track

轨排 track panel； track skeleton

轨节 rail link

长轨条 long rail string

轨道几何形位 track geometry

轨距加宽 gauge widening

螺旋曲线 spiral curve clothold curve

三次抛物线曲线 cubic parabola curve

曲线超高 superelevation cant； elevation of curve

欠超高 deficient superlevation

过超高 surplus superelevation；excess elevation

反超高 reverse superelevation； counter superelevation； negative superelevation

未本平衡离心加速度 unbalaned cenrifugal acceleraion

曲线正矢 curve versine

轨道力学 track mechanics

轨道动力学 track dynamics

轨道强度计算 track strength analysis

轨道几何状态恶化 track deterioration

轨道失效 track failure

轨道框架刚度 rigidity of track panel

道床系数 ballast coefficient； ballast modulus

钢轨基础模量 rail supporting modulus ；track moulus

钢轨支点弹性模量 modulus of elasticity of rail support

轨道应力 track stresses

轨道稳定性 stability of track

接头阻力 joint resistance

道床阻力 ballast resistance

扣件扣压力 toe load of fastening

轮/轨接触应力 rail/wheel contact stress

钢轨 rail

轨头 rail head

轨腰 rail web

轨底 rail base； rail bottom

淬火轨 head hardened rail ； quenched rail

合金轨 alloy steel rail

合金淬火轨 head hardened alloy steel rail ；quenched alloy

耐磨轨 wear resistant rail

耐腐蚀轨 corrosion resistant rail

标准长度钢轨 standard length rail

短轨 short rail

缩短轨 standardshortened rail ； fabricated short rail used on curves；sandard curtailed rail

异形轨 compromise rail

护轨 guard rail； check rail

轨底坡 rail cant

钢轨工作边 gage line

轨缝；接头缝 rail gap；joint gap

构造轨缝 structural joint gap ；maximum joint gap structurally obtainable

钢轨接头 rail joint

相对接头 opposite joint ；square joint

相错式接头；相互式接头 alternate joint ； staggered joint ； broken joint

垫接接头；承接接头 supported joint

悬接接头 suspended joint

绝缘接头 insulated joint

胶结绝缘接头 glued insulated joint

焊接接头 welded joint

冻结接头 frozen joint

异形接头 compromise joint

钢轨伸缩调节器；温度调节器 expansion rail joint； rail expansion device； swith expansion joint

接头联结零件 rail joint accessories ； rail joint fastenings

接头夹板；鱼尾板 joint bar ； splice bar ；fish plate

平型双头夹板 flat joint bar

轨头地面接触夹板；锲型接头夹板 head contact flat joint bar

轨腹上圆弧接触夹板；铰型接头夹板 head free flat joint bar

带裙鱼尾板 aproned fish plate； fish plate with apron

异型接头夹板 compromise joint bar

接头螺栓；鱼尾螺栓 track blolt ；fish bolt

钩螺栓 claw bolt ；hook bolt ；anchor bolt

扣件； 中间联结零件 rail fastening

分开式扣件 separated rail fastening ； indirect holding fastening

不分开式扣件 nonseparated rail fastening ； direct holding fastening

半分开式扣件 semi-separaed rail fastening ； mixed holding fastening

弹性扣件 elasic rail fastening

道钉；狗头钉；钩头钉 track spike ；rail spike ；dog spike

弹簧道钉 elastic rail spike

螺纹道钉 screw spike

螺栓螺纹钉 bolt-screw spike

硫磺锚固 sulphur cement mortar anchor ；sulphur cement mortar anchorage

垫板 tie plate

橡胶垫板；弹性垫板 rubber tie plate

衬垫 pad

冻害垫板 frost heave board；track shim for frost heaving roadbed ；frost shim

弹簧垫圈 spring washer

防爬器 anti-creeper； rail anchor

穿销防爬器 wedged rail anchor

弹簧防爬器 spring rail anchor

防爬支撑 anti-creep strut

轨撑 rail brace

轨距杆 gage tie bar； gage rod ； gage tie

绝缘轨距杆 insulated gage rod

轨下基础 sub-rail foundation ；sub-rail track bed

轨枕 tie； cross tie ； sleeper

宽混凝土轨枕；轨枕板 broad concrete tie

纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie

板式轨道 slab-track

木枕；枕木 wooden tie

油枕 treated wooden tie

素枕 untreated wooden tie

钢枕 steel tie

混凝土枕 concrete tie

岔枕 switch tie ；turnout tie

短枕 short tie ；block tie

枕盒 crib

道床 ballast bed

整体道床 solid bed； integrated ballast bed； monolithic concrete bed

沥青道床 asphalt cemented ballast bed

道碴层；道碴床 ballast layer

道碴 ballast

道碴级配 ballast grading

洛杉叽磨损实验 Los Angeles abrasion test

碎石道碴 stone ballast

矿碴道碴 slag ballast

卵石道碴 gravel ballast

砂道碴 sand ballast

底碴 subballast

道床厚度 thickness of ballast bed；depth of ballast

道床宽度 width of ballast bed

道床碴肩 shoulder of ballast bed

轮轨游间 clearance between wheel flange and gage line

曲线内接 inscribed to curves

自由内接 free inscribing

强制内接 compulsory inscribing

楔形内接 wedging inscribing

静力内接 static inscribing

动力内接 dynamic inscribing

轨道不平顺 track irregularity

静态不平顺 static track irregularity；irregularity without load

动态不平顺 dynamic track irregularity

轨道几何尺寸容许公差 track geometry tolerances

轨道变形 track deformation；track disorder；track distortion

轨道残余变形 track residual deformation；track permanent deformation

弹性挤开 gage elastically widened；elastic squeeze-out

轨道水平；左右水平 track cross level

轨道方向 track alignment

轨道前后高低；前后高低 longitudinal level of rail；track profile

三角坑；扭曲 twist warp

轨道明坑 visile pit of track；visible low spot of track；track depression

轨道暗坑；空吊板 loose tie

翻浆 冒泥 mud-pumping

钢轨低接头 depressed joint；battered foint of rail

接头瞎缝 closed joint；tight joint

大轨缝 excessive joint gap；wide joint gap

线路爬行 track creeping

轨道鼓出 track buckling

轨头总磨损；轨头总磨耗 total wear of rail head

轨头垂直磨损；轨头垂直磨耗 vertical wear of rail head

轨头侧面磨损；轨头侧面磨耗 side wear of rail head

轨头波形磨损；轨头波浪形磨耗 wave-type deformation of rail head

轨头波纹磨损 corrugation of rail head；rail corrugation

轨头短波浪磨损 short wave undulation of rail head

轨头长波浪磨损 long wave undulation of rail head

轨头马鞍形磨损 rail end batter；saddle wear of rail end

轨头肥边 flow of rail head；lipping of rail head

错牙接头 rail ends unevenness in line or surface

钢轨伤损 rail defects and failures

钢轨擦伤 engine burn；wheel burn

钢轨锈蚀 rail corrosion

白点 flake crack；shatter crack；small nucleus fissure

核伤 nucleus flaw；oval flaw

轨头剥离 gage line shelly cracks

轨头掉块 spalling of rail head

轨头压溃 crushing of rail head

轨头垂直劈裂 vertical split of rail head

轨头微细波纹 detail fracture of rail head

轨端崩裂 rail end breakage

钢轨打标记 branding & stamping of rails

轨端削角；轨端倒棱 rail end chamfering

螺栓孔削角；螺栓孔倒棱 bolt hole chamfering

螺栓孔加强 bolt hole cold-working strenthening

轨头水平劈裂 horizontal split of rail head

轨腰劈裂 piped rail ；split of rail web

钢轨裂纹 rail cracks

轨头发裂 head checks ；hair crack of rail head

轨底崩裂 burst of rail base；burst of rail bottom ； broken rail base

钢轨折断 brittle fractures of rail ； sudden rupture of rail

钢轨落锤试验 drop test of rail

螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack

线路大修 major repair of reack ； overhaul of track ；track renewal

线路中修 intermediate repair of track

线路维修 maintenance of track

找小坑 spot surfacing

全面起道捣固 out-of-face surfacing

起道 raising of track ；track lifting

落道 under cutting of track ； lowering of track

垫砂起道 measured shovel packing

改道 gage correction ；gaging of track

拨道 track lining

整正水平 adjusting of cross level

整正曲线 curve adjusting； curve lining

绳正法整正曲线 string lining of curve

绳度整正曲线计算器 string lining computer ；string-line calculator

调整轨缝；均匀轨缝 adjusting of rail gaps；evenly distributing joint gaps

整正规缝 dispersal of rail gaps；adjusting joint gaps up to standard

矫直钢轨 staightening of kinked rail

焊修钢轨；堆焊钢轨 resurfacing of rail

打磨钢轨 rail grinding

轨头整形 rail head reprofiling

轨头非对称断面打磨 asymmetrical rail head profile grinding

方正轨枕 tie respacing ；squaring of ties

削平木枕 tie adzing

修补木枕 tie repairing

木枕防腐 preservation of wooden tie

木枕预钻孔 preboring of wooden tie ； preboring of spike holes

木枕刻痕 incising of wooden tie

枕木塞 tie plug

木枕防裂装置 anti splitting device

捣固道床 ballast tamping

夯实道床 ballast ramming ；ballast consolidating

清筛道床 ballast cleaning

整理道床 ballast trimming

锁定轨温 fastening-down temperature of rail

零应力轨温 strss free rail temperature

中和轨温 neutral temperature

放散温度力 destressing ； stress liberation

温度力 temperature stress

温度力峰 temperature stress peak

轨道鼓出临界温度 critical temperature of track buckling

伸缩区；呼吸区 breathing zone

缓冲区 buffer zone； transition zone

固定区 nonbreathing zone ；fixd zone ； deformation -free zone

调节轨 buffer rail

气压焊 oxyacetylene pressure welding

电阻焊 flash butt welding

铝热焊 thrmlt welding

周转轨 inventory stock

备用轨 stock rails per kilometer of track； emergency rail stored along the way

再用轨 second hand rail ；relaying rail

顺坡 run-off elevation

作业标志 working signal

停车牌 red board； stop indicator

慢行牌 yellow board ；speed indicator

线路标志 road way signs ； permanent

公里标 kilometer post

曲线标 curve post

坡度标 grade post

桥梁标 bridge post

隧道标 tunnel post

管界标 section sign

钢轨位移观测桩 rail creep indication posts

鸣笛标 whistle board

线路中断 line interruption

施工封闭线路 line occupation for works

封闭线路作业时间；开天窗作业时间 works occupation time ； working time of closed sectin

列车空隙作业时间 working time between trains

养路表报 maintenance -of-way report and forms； track work forms

工务设备台帐 technical record of track ； bridge and other equipments

养路管理电脑系统 computer aided track maintenance and management system

线路平剖面图 track charts

养路费用 maintenance of way expenditures

线路维修规则 rules of maintenance of way

轨道养护标准 standards of track main tenance

换算线路长度 equibalent track kilometerage

轨检车评分 track evaluatin by recording car； evaluation by track inspection car

轨道质量指数 track quality index

平面交叉 level crossing

立体交叉 grade separation

道囗 grade crossing； level crossing

道囗铺面 grade crossing pavement ；surface of grade crossing

道囗平台 level stretch of grade crossing

道囗警标 warning sign at grade crossing

道囗栏木 cross barrier at grade crossing

道囗栅栏 side barrier at grade crossing

道囗护桩 protective stake atgrade crossing

限界架 clearance limit frame

道岔

道岔 turnout ；switches and crossings

单开道岔 simple turnout ；； lateral turnout

单式对称道岔；双开道岔 symmetrical double curve turnout ；equilateral turnout

单式不对称道岔；不对称双开道岔 unsymmetrical double curve turnout ；unequilateral turnout

单式同侧道岔 unsymmetrical double curve turnout in the same direction

三开道岔 stmmetrical three throw turnout ；three-way turnout

不对称三开道岔 unsymmetrical three-way turnout ； unsymmetrical three throw tunout

左开道岔 left hand turnout

右开道岔 right hand turnout

交叉 crossing

菱形交叉 diamond crossing

直角交叉 rectangular crossing ； square crossing

交分道岔 slip switch

单式交分道岔 single slip switches

复式交分道岔 double slip switches

渡线 crossover

交叉渡线 scissors crossing ；double crossover

平行渡线 parallel crossover

梯线 ladder track

套线道岔 mixed gage turnout

道岔主线 main line of turnout ； main track of turnout ；turnout main

道岔侧线 branch line of turnout ；branch track of turnout turnout branch

导曲线 lead curve

导曲线半径 radius of lead curve

导曲线支距 offset of lead curve

道岔中心 center of turnout

辙叉 frog；crossing

辙叉角 frog angle

辙叉号数 frog number

道岔号数 turnout number

道岔始端 beginning of turnout

道岔终端 end of turnout

尖轨 switch rail tongue rail； blade

直线尖轨 straight seitch

曲线尖轨 curved switch

尖轨理论尖端 theoretical point of switch rail

尖轨尖端 actual point of switch rail

尖轨跟端 heel of swith rail

曲线出岔道岔 turnout from curved track

辙叉心轨理论尖端 theoretical point of frog

辙 叉心轨尖端 actual point of frog

辙叉趾端 toe end of frog ；frog toe

辙叉跟端 heel end of frog； frog heel

道岔基线 reference line of turnout

道岔全长 total length of turnout

道岔理论长度 theoretical length of turnout

道岔实际长度 actual length of turnout

道岔理论导程 theoretical lead of turnout

道岔前部理论长度 front part theoretical legth of turnout

道岔后部理论长度 rear part theoretical length of turnout

道岔后部实际长度 rear part actual length of turnout

尖轨长度 length of switch rail

辙叉趾长 toe length of frog

辙叉跟长 heel length of frog

辙叉趾宽 toe spread of frog

辙叉跟宽 heel s[read of frog

尖轨动程 throw of switch

护轨与心轨的查照间隔 check gage

护背距离 guard rail face gage；back gage

辙叉有害空间 gap in the frog ；open throat； unguarded flange-way

转辙角 switch angle

辙叉咽喉 throat of frog

轮缘槽 flange-way； flange clearance

转辙器 switch

可弯式尖轨转辙器 flexible switch

间隔铁式尖轨转辙器 loose heel switch

高锰钢整铸辙叉 solid manganese steel frog； cast manganese steel frog

钢轨组合辙叉 bolred rigid frog； assembled frog

可动心轨辙叉 movable-point frog

可动翼轨辙叉 movable-wing frog

钝角辙叉 obtuse frog

锐角辙叉 end frog； acute frog

曲线辙叉 curved frog

基本轨 stock rail

密贴尖轨 closed switch rail； close contact between switch point and stock rail

淬火尖轨 surface-hardened switch rail； quenched switch rail

特种断面尖轨 special heavy section switch rail； tongue rail made of special section rail； full-wed

section switch rail

翼轨 wing rail

心轨 point rail； nose rail

道岔护轨 turnout guard rail

尖轨护轨 switch point guard rail

尖轨保护器 switch protector

道岔拉杆 switch rod； stretcher bar

道岔连接杆 connecting bar； following stretcher bar

间隔铁 filler； spacer block

尖轨补强板 reinforcing bar

滑床板 slide plate； switch plate

线路机械 permanent way machine

线路机具 permanent way tool

路基机械 subgrade machine； machine for roadway work

轨道机械 track machine

道碴机械 ballast machine

捣固机械 tamping machine

夯实机械 ballast consolidating machine

道碴清筛机械 ballast cleaning machine

轨行式装运机械 rail-mounted handling and transportation machine

轨道检测设备 track geometry measuring device

安全防护设备 safety protection equipment

线路清理机械 permanent way clearing machine

公铁两用线路机械 rail/road permanent way machine

大型线路机械；重型线路机械 heavy permanent way machine； large permanent way machine

小型线路机械；轻型线路机械 light permanent way machine ；small permanent way machine

拨道机 track lining machine

拨道器 track lining tool

起道机 track lifting

起道器 rail jack； track jack

起拔道机 track lifting and lining machine

起拔道器 track lifting and lining tool

钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine

钢轨钻孔器 rail drilling tool

磨轨机 rail grinding machine

磨轨车 rail grinding car

磨轨列车 rail grinding train

锯轨机 rail cutting machine ；rail sawing machine

轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster ； rail puller

钢轨拉伸器 rail tensor

直轨器 rail straightening tool ；rail straightener

平轨器 rail bending tool ； rail bender

钢轨刨边机 rail-head edges planing machine

钢轨推凸机 rail weld seam shearing machine

钢轨推凸器 rail shearing device

机动螺钉；螺栓板手 rail screw-bolt power wrench

地面钢轨凃油器 on-track rail lubricator

车载钢轨凃油器 on-board rail lubricator

焊轨机 rail welding machine

轨枕抽换机 tie replacing machine

木枕钻孔机 wooden tie drilling machine

打道钉机 spike driver

起道钉机 spike puller

混凝土枕螺栓钻取机 concrete tie dowel drilling and pulling machine

方枕器 tie respacer

木枕削平机 wooden sleeper adzing machine

手提电动捣固机；电镐 portable electric tamper； hand electric tamper

手提风动捣固机 porable pneumatic tamper

手提内然捣固机 portable gasoline-powered tamper

小型液压捣固机 light hydraulic tamping machine

液压捣固机；液压捣固车 hydraulic tamping machine

自动液压大型捣固车；自动整平；起道拔道捣固车 auto-leveling-lifting-lining-tamping machine

配碴整形机 ballast distributing and regulating machine

道碴犁 ballast plow

扒碴机 crib ballast removers

收碴机 ballast recoliecting machine

枕间夯实机 crib consolidating machine

道床边坡夯实机 ballast shouder consolidating machine

全断面道床夯实机 full section ballast consolidating machine

道床底碴夯实机 subballast consolidating machine

动力稳定机 dynamic track stabilizer

边坡清筛机 ballast shouder cleaning machine

大型全断面清筛机 large ballast undercutting cleaners； on-track full section undercutting cleaners

中型清筛机 medium ballast undercutting cleaners

大揭盖清筛机 ballast cleaning machine eith removed track panels

小型枕底清筛机 small ballast undercutting cleaners

轻型轨道车 light rail motor car ； light motor trolley

重型轨道车 heavy rail motor car； heavy motor trolley

发电轨道车 power generating rail car

发电走行两用车 self-propelled power generating car

轨道平车 rail flat car

长钢轨运输作业列车 long welded rail transporting and working train

铺轨机 track laying machine

轨行式起重机 crane on-track ； rail-mounted crane

悬臂式铺轨排机 track panel laying machine with cantilever

悬臂式铺轨机 rail laying machine with cantilever

门式铺轨排机 track panel lating gantry crane

铺轨列车 track laying train

工程宿营车 work train with camp cars

轨道检查车 track recording car ； track inspection car

轨道检查小车 track geometry measuring trolley

桥梁试验车 bridge test car

钢轨探伤车 rail flaw detection car

钢轨探伤仪 rail flaw detector

钢轨磨损检查车 rail profile measuring car

钢轨磨损检查仪 rail profile gauge

列车速度检查仪 train speed monitoring device

列车接近报警器 train approach wairning device

限界检测车 clearance car ； clearance inspection car

塌方落石报警器 land slide warning device

除雪机 snow removing machine； snow remover

道岔熔冰器 sewitch heater

除砂机 sand removing machine

开沟机 ditcher

开沟平路机 track shaving machine ； ditching and grading machine

灌木切割机 brush cutting machine ； brush cutter

除草机 weeding cutting machine ； weed cutter

喷洒除草机 weed killing machine weed killer

轨距尺；道尺 track gage

万能道尺 universal rail gage

捣镐；道镐 packer ； tamping pick； beater

道钉锤 spike hammer

撬棍 lining bar ； claw bar

轨道水平尺 track level

螺栓扳手 track wrenches

单轨小车 hand cart

地表排水 surface drainage

地下排水 subsurface drainage

过滤层 filter

路基松软 soft spots of road bed

滑坡 landslip； landslide

坍方 slide ； slip

蠕变 creep； crawl

崩塌 collapse； toppling

冲刷 erosion ； scouring

落石 rock fall

泥石流 warth flow； debris flow ； mud and rock flow

冻害 frost heaving

雪崩 snow slip ； snow slide； snow avalanche

道碴槽 ballast tub

道碴箱 ballast box

道碴袋 ballast pocket

道碴巢 ballast nest

路基下沉 subgrade settlement

煤矿沉陷 mining subsidence

路基挤起 subgrade bulge ； subgrade squeeze-out

防洪 flood control

防砂 sand-drift control ； sand protection

防雪 snow-drift control； snow protection

雪害 snow blockade； snow drift

水害 flood damage； washout

砂害 sand blockade； sand drift

隧道冰害 frost damage in tunnel

防雪棚 snow fence ； snow guard

防雪障 snow protection bank

防雪树篱 snow protectin hedge

拉沟 slotting

刷坡 slope cutting

边坡植被防护 vegetation on slope

石笼 gabion

土工织物；土工布 geotextile

土工格栅；土工网格 geogrid

铺草皮 sodding

整治冻害轨道 treatment of frost heaving track

垫冻害垫板 track shimming

电化学加固土壤 electro-chemical tratment of soil

桥梁浅基 shallow foundation of bridge； unsafe dpth foundation of bridge

限界检查 checking of clearance； check measurement

河调一防护失修 disrepaire of flow regulating and shore protectin structure ； river bank protection out

of repair

桥址水文观测 hydrologic observation of bridge site

桥梁检定试验 bridge rating test

容许强度检定 working stress rating

承载系数检定 load factor rating

自动力矩检定 autostress rating

桥梁检定承载系数 rated load-bearing coefficient for bridge； rated load-bearing coefficient for bridge

as compared with standard live loading

特种车辆活载 special live load； lilve load of special type wagon

墩台基础挖验 excavating foundation for checking pupose foundation examination by excavation

墩台基础钻探 drilling foundation for checking purpose； foundation examination by drilling

圬工梁裂损 cracking of concrete and masonry beam

隧道漏水 tunnel leak

衬砌裂损 lining cracking

衬砌腐蚀

中间漆 intermediate coat

面漆 top coat

工地漆 field coat

工厂漆 shop coat

干捣水泥砂浆 dry tamped cement mortar

混凝土裂纹 concrete cracks

钢梁腐蚀裂纹 corrosion cracking of steel bridge

钢梁应力腐蚀裂纹 stress corrosion cracking of steel bridge

隧道防火措施 measures against tunnel fire

隧道通风 tunnel ventilation

隧道防排水 tunnel water handling

喷射混凝土修理 shotcrete repair

桥隧养护 maintenance of bridge and tunnel

桥隧经常保养 regular maintenance of bridge and tunnel

桥隧综合维修 comprehensive maintenance of bridge and tunnel structure

桥隧病害整治 damage repair for bridge and tunnel ； repair bridge and tunnel fault

桥涵扩孔 opening enlargement of bridge and culvert

桥梁浅基防护 unsafe depth foundation protection ； bridge shallow foundation protection

墩周冲淤 scouring and sepositing around pier

桥隧巡守 bridge and tunnel patrolling

限界改善 clearance improvement

墩台防撞 collision prevention around pier； pier protection against collision

钢梁加固 strengthening of steel bridge

临时便桥 shoofly

防洪预抢工程 precautinary work against flood

水害断道 railroad break down due to to flood ； line blockade due to flood

水害抢修 rush repair of flood damage to open for traffic

抛石防护 riparap protection

临险抢护 emergency rush engineering ； emergency repairs

水害复旧 restoration work for flood damage ； restoration of flood damaged structures

日降雨量 daily precipitatin

雨量计 rain gage

洪水标记 flood mark

河床冲刷 channel erosion

洪水淹没 flood inundation on tracks

防水林 forestation against flood

防撞破凌 breaking up ice run； breaking up ice floe prevent collision

房屋维修 regular maintenance of buildings and structures

房建大修 major repair of buildings and structures

房建检修 inspection and repair of buildings and structures

铁道牵引动力 railway traction power； railway motive power

机车 locomotive

机车种类 types of locomotive

机车比率；机车比值 locomotive ratio

蒸汽机车 steam locomotive

内燃机车；柴油机车 diesel locomotive

电力机车 electric locomotive

燃气轮机车 gasturbine locomotive

动车组 motor train unit；motor train set

动车 motot car

拖车 trailer

铁路干线机车 railway trunk line locomotive

工矿机车 industrial and mining locomotive

客运机车 passenger locomotive

货运机车 freight locomotive； goods locomotive

调车机车 shunting locomotive； switcher

小运转机车 locomotive for district transfer； transfer locomotive train

路用机车 locomotive of service train； service locomotives

配属机车 allocated locomotive

非配属机车 un-allocated locomotive

支配机车 disposal locomotive

非支配机车 un-disposal locomotive

运用机车 locomotive in operation

检修机车 locomotive under repairing

备用机车 locomotive in reserve

封存机车 locomotive stored up

待修机车 locomotive waiting for repair

机车出租 leased locomotive

机车报废 locomotive retirement

机车储备 locomotive reservation； locomotive storage

机车整备 locomotive servicing； locomotive running preparation

机车整备能力 locomotive service capacity

机车技术规范 locomotive technical specification

轴列式；轴式 axle arrangement

转向架中心 bogie pivot center

转向架中心距离 distance between bogie pivot centers； bogie pivot pitch

机车全轴距 locomotive total wheel base

机车转向架轴距 locomotive wheel base of bogie

机车固定轴距 locomotive rigid wheel base

机车长度 locomotive overall length

机车宽度 locomotive width

机车高度 locomotive height

机车计算重量 calcuated weight of locomotive

机车整备重量 locomotive service weight

机车重量 locomotive weight

机车粘着重量 locomotive adhesive weight

轴重转移；轴荷载转移 axle load transfer

粘着重量利用系数 adhesive weight utility factor

机车重量分配 weight distribution of locomotive

轮对横动量 lateral play of wheel set

机车噪声 locomotive noise

热值；发热量 heat value

机车万吨公里能耗 energy consumption per 10；000 t-km of locomotive

机车用煤 coal for locomotive

机车用柴油 diesel oil for locomotive

机车用电 electricity for locomotive

机车用换算煤 converted coal for locomotive

标准煤 standard coal

机车用润滑剂 lubricant for locomotive

给水 water supply

水鹤 water crane

给水处理 water supply treatment

炉内软水 water softened in boiler

炉外软水 water softened out of boiler

软水 water softened

净水 water purified

给水站；给水所 water supply station

机务段 locomotive depot

机车运用段 locomotive running depot

机车检修段 locomotive repair depot

机车折返段 locomotive turnaround depot

列车无线电调度系统 train radio dispatching system

机车监控记录装置 locomotive supervise and record apparatus

机车故障 locomotive failure

机车牵引特性 locomotive tractive characteristic

机车效率 total locomotive efficiency

机车轮周效率 efficiency of locomotive at wheel rim

机车传动功率 transmission efficiency of locomotive

机车牵引特性曲线 locomotive tractive characteristic curve

机车轮周功率曲线 locomotive power curve at wheel rim

机车牵引力曲线 locomotive tractive effort curve

机车预期牵引特性曲线 predetermined tractive characteristic curve of locomotive

机车功率 locomotive power

标称功率；额定功率 nominal power

最大运用功率；装车功率 maximum service output power

轮周功率 output power at wheel rim

比功率 power/weight ratio

比重量 weight/power ratio

单位体积功率 specific volume power

机车牵引力 locomotive teractive effort

轮周牵引力 tractive effort at wheel rim

车钩牵引力 tractive effort at coupler； drawbar pull

起动牵引力 stsrting tractive effort

粘着牵引力 adhesive tractive effort

持续牵引力 continuous tractive effort

基本阻力 basic resistance

运行阻力 running resistance

惰行阻力 idle runing resistance； coasting resistance

起动阻力 starting resistance

附加阻力 additional resistance

坡道阻力 gradient resistance

曲线阻力 curve resistance

空气阻力 air resistance

单位阻力 unit resistance； specific resistance

换算阻力；加算阻力 converted resistance