动词-ing和动词-ed形式(Verb-ingandverb-edform)

动词-ing和动词-ed形式（Verb -ing and verb -ed form）

Verb -ing and verb -ed form

First, teaching purposes and requirements:

1, students are required to master the forms, syntactic

functions, features and usages of verb -ing and verb -ed forms.

Two, class allocation: 8 hours

Three, teaching methods: face to face, the combination of

courseware.

Four, teaching content:

The composition and characteristics of 1. participle

2. the difference between present participle and past

participle

The syntactic function of 3. participle

Tense and voice of 4. participles

The logical subject of 5. participle

6. participle independent structure

Key points and difficulties in teaching:

Five, homework: complete part of the practice

The composition and characteristics of 1. participle

Word segmentation is the three non finite forms of verbs,

divided into two types: the present participle and the past

participle (V-ing) (V-ed2), and the infinitive and the gerund,

participle has characteristics of verbs, change of tense and

voice, with adverbial, object etc.. Participles have adjective

and adverbial parts, and they are often used as modifiers in

sentences. The negative form of participle adds not before

participle.

E.g. Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to wait for

the school bus.

E.g. When asked such a queer (wacky) question, he was at a loss

how to answer.

2. the difference between present participle and past

participle

The difference between present participle and past participle

is mainly in voice and temporal concept. In the voice, the

present participle expresses the active meaning, the past

participle expresses the passive meaning; in the time, the

present participle indicates the action is in progress, and the

past participle expresses the action completion.

E.g. What he said was very touching. moving (active)

I was touched by the sight. was moved (passive)

E.g. the rising sun/ the risen sun

E.g. the falling autumn leaves/ the fallen autumn leaves

E.g. a pleasing voice/ a pleased look pleasant voice / satisfied

expression

The syntactic function of 3. participle

1. as the object complement, participle as object complement

only in general sense, causative verbs after.

(1) use the word complement in the sense and sense verbs after

the verb, such verbs as see, observe, notice, watch, discover,

hear, feel, smell, find, look, at, listen, to, etc..

E.g. They kept the lights

E.g. Listen to the birds .

E.g. She felt a great load (load)

E.g. He heard his name

(2) in which, after the participle causative verb object

complement, this kind of verbs are make, have, get, leave, keep,

set, catch, start etc..

E.g. The joke set them all

E.g. He managed to get it

E.g. They found the house

(3) after set, the present participle is usually used instead

of the past participle as the complement.

E.g. Her words set me thinking deeply.

E.g. He set the clock going.

(4) after make, we can only use the past participle instead of

the present participle as the complement.

E.g. The writer made himself known by the novel.

E.g. He couldn 't make himself believed.

2. as a predicative adjective -- has completely, the present

participle can be modified by very, rather, can be compared,

the subject has a characteristic; the past participle said that

the subject of mental state, can be too,

很修饰，可以由比较级。

他生活的故事听起来很有趣。

他看起来比其他人更着急。

三.作状语----表示多种语义，有时可带待相应的连词。

[注] A.分词动作是次要动作，是主语动作的一部分；

B.分词时态从属于谓语动词时态，如分词动作也谓语动作同时发生，则用现在分词的一般式，如分词动作先发生，则用现在分词的完成式或过去分词；

C.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；

D.现在分词主动式表主动；现在分词被动式和过去分词表被动。

在户外工作时，他经常唱歌。

由于在……工作，他不得不脱下暖和的衣服。

如果在……工作，他就得穿暖和点的衣服。

虽然在……工作，他一点也不觉得冷。

他们整天呆在地里，在……工作。表伴随

从飞机上看到，公园看起来很美。

4。作定语----

A.现在分词作定语----表示现在或将来的动作或经常性的动作或状态，单个分词一般前置，大多不带附加成分；现在分词分词短语一般后置，相当于一个定语从句，多不带附加成分。分词动作的逻辑主语即是它所修饰的名词。

他是一个举止优雅的年轻人。

我想看看那个打破窗户的人。

如果分词动作不是表示正在进行的动作，则需改用定语从句

我想看看打破窗户的那个人。

B.过去分词作定语----前置定语表示性质或行为所造成的结果状态；后置定语表示被动的行为。

一步一个麻烦的地方是非之地决定性的步骤决定

兴奋的孩子们在叫喊和跳跃。

所允许的时间足够了。

提出的这个想法引起了我们极大的兴趣。

4。分词的时态和语态

与不定式和动名词一样，分词时态从属于谓语动词时态，如分词动作也谓语动作同时发生（几乎同时发生），则用现在分词的一般式，如分词动作先发生，则用现在分词的完成式或过去分词。

我到达车站时，他发现火车已经离开了。几乎同时

学生坐在这个教室里有英语竞赛。同时发生

在大楼前面种树的那个人是我们的院长。正在进行

如没有尽力，他考试失败了。分词动作先发生

提出的这个想法引起了我们极大的兴趣。

不说理念已经放了…分词动作在先

（1）主动语态的一般式----多表示主动地、正在进行的行为。

他的笑话使所有的人发笑。

（2）主动语态的完成式----表示谓语行为之先的行为，主要作状语

写完这篇文章后，科学家把它送去出版了。

(3) the general form of the passive voice is the behavior of

the logical subject.

E.g. The man being questioned doesn 't look like a thief.

(4) passive completion means the behavior of the logical

subject before the predicate act

E.g. Having been completed, his book was sent to be published

at once.

The logical subject of 5. participle

The logical subject of the 1. participle as attributive is the

word it modifies;

E.g. an interesting book= a book that interests its readers

E.g. a rolling stone = a stone which rolls

The logical subject of 2. participle as adverbial:

(1) in general, the logical subject of participle is the subject

of a sentence;

E.g. Turning around, an old woman was seen walking towards the

river. error

Turning around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river.

positive

E.g. Seen from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderland

of valley. error

Seen from the hilltop, the valley looked like a wonderland.

error

(2) in a few cases, the logical subject of the participle is

inconsistent with the subject of the sentence, and the

participle is used to modify the whole sentence, and only

applies to a few verbs, such as: broadly speaking, generally

speaking, considering, talking