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2024年1月10日发(作者:android实现上方导航栏)
使用gSOAP开发实例—— 自定义header实现用户名令牌认证(Usernametoken Authentication)
上一节介绍了怎样实现基本认证(Basic Authentication,以下简称basic方式),望文生义,也就是最简单的用户验证方式,本节稍微深入一些,介绍用户名令牌认证(Usernametoken Authentication,以下简称usernametoken方式)。
Usernametoken方式与basic方式不同的地方,在于后者会把用户名和密码以摘要(digest)的形式,置于HTTP信息头,而前者则把用户名以明文的形式、密码以明文或者摘要的形式,嵌入到一段XML文本中,再置于SOAP消息头当中。
如果使用soapUI调试客户端程序的话,会发现以下是basic方式发出的完整的SOAP消息:
POST /Services/ECHO HTTP/0.9
Content-Type: text/xml;charset=UTF-8
SOAPAction: ""
User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1
Content-Length: 292
Authorization: Basic VkYtSEstbVNNST0OdlR42EMZaD1BMyE=
Host:
Cookie: $Version=0; MSP2LB=2f02; $Path=/
xmlns:echo="/ECHO">
以下是usernametoken方式发出的完整的SOAP消息:
POST /4.0/services/SecureEcho HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: text/xml;charset=UTF-8
SOAPAction: ""
User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1
Host:
Content-Length: xxx
xmlns:soapenv="/soap/envelope/"> xmlns:wsse="/wss/2004/01/"> xmlns:wsu="/wss/2004/01/"> Type="/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile-1.0#PasswordText">liang
其中,加粗部分表示两者的主要区别,红字部分表示各自必不可少的元素。
由此可以看出,usernametoken方式的特点,是在SOAP的header中加入一个Security标签,把usernametoken信息放在这个Security标签里。至于header里的另外一个customerId标签,是该应用自身的额外要求。
gSOAP实现basic方式相对简单,不过实现usernametoken就比较复杂。gSOAP的用户指南推荐使用其自带的插件,在samples/wsse目录下的官方实例也是使用这个插件。但是,我个人认为这种方法比较累赘,自动生成的代码太多,不易看懂,而且似乎非常依赖于wsdl本身的写法。比如,samples/wsse目录下的官方实例含有下列表示SOAP header的结构体,但是,在我实际开发的应用并没有自动产生,即使强行加上去,编译执行通过,运行的时候也出现了相当多的错误。
struct SOAP_ENV__Header
{
struct _wsse__Security *wsse__Security
};
而且,从理论上讲,gSOAP不过是一个框架,定义了从SOAP对象到SOAP消息,以及从SOAP消息到SOAP对象的序列化过程,并且提供了一套与之相适应的API,使用gSOAP开发不过是在其框架范围内调用其API编程。框架的弊端,可想而知,限制了灵活,也限制了方便,更限制了创新。所以,我们可以使用gSOAP编程,但是也许没有必要全部照搬,至少在这个案例中,就没有必要照搬。
我们应有的思路是,既然customerId可以直接写到SOAP header中,那么与之并列的、含有usernametoken的Security也可以直接写到SOAP header中,完全不需要依赖于gSOAP的wsse插件。
与上节一样,基于保密原则,本节案例采用的wsdl同样是经过裁剪和替换的,内容如下:
在gSOAP的wsdl目录,按以下步骤建立客户端存根程序:
-bash-3.2$ mkdir –p secure_echo
-bash-3.2$ cd secure_echo
-bash-3.2$ ../wsdl2h –c –o secure_echo.h secure_
-bash-3.2$ ../../src/soapcpp2 –C –L –x secure_echo.h
重点来了,此时需要修改gSOAP为你自动生成的部分文件,加入usernametoken支持,以下是详细步骤,代码中加粗部分即修改的内容:
1. soapStub.h,搜索SOAP_ENV__Header结构体,本案例中,gSOAP只为我们自动生成了对应customerId的指针,因为需要在SOAP header中增加用户名和密码,所以要在这里手动添加这些信息。这样,修改后的SOAP_ENV__Header变为:
struct SOAP_ENV__Header
{
char *wsse__username; /* mustUnderstand */
char *wsse__password; /* mustUnderstand */
char *ns1__customerId; /* mustUnderstand */
};
2. soapC.c,搜索soap_out_SOAP_ENV__Header函数,这是客户端把SOAP对象转化为SOAP消息相关的函数,由于gSOAP只是自动生成了customerId属性的转化,我们还需要加入Security属性,按照soapUI测试好的结果,Security含有一个UsernameToken,而UsernameToken又含有用户名和密码,因此soap_out函数应当这样写:
SOAP_FMAC3 int SOAP_FMAC4 soap_out_SOAP_ENV__Header(struct soap *soap, const char *tag,
int id, const struct SOAP_ENV__Header *a, const char *type)
{
if (soap_element_begin_out(soap, tag, soap_embedded_id(soap, id, a,
SOAP_TYPE_SOAP_ENV__Header), type))
return soap->error;
if (soap_element_begin_out(soap, "wsse:Security", -1, "")
|| soap_element_begin_out(soap, "wsse:UsernameToken", -1, "")
|| soap_out_string(soap, "wsse:Username", -1, &a->wsse__username, "")
|| soap_out_string(soap, "wsse:Password", -1, &a->wsse__password,
"/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile-1.0#PasswordText")
|| soap_element_end_out(soap, "wsse:UsernameToken")
|| soap_element_end_out(soap, "wsse:Security")
)
return soap->error;
soap->mustUnderstand = 1;
if (soap_out_string(soap, "ns1:customerId", -1, &a->ns1__customerId, ""))
return soap->error;
return soap_element_end_out(soap, tag);
}
3. ,由于上一步用到了wsse这个namespace,而它又没有出现在nsmap文件中,因此我们需要增加该命名空间的信息,其URL同样可以从soapUI测试结果中取得:
SOAP_NMAC struct Namespace namespaces[] =
{
{"SOAP-ENV", "/soap/envelope/",
"/*/soap-envelope", NULL},
{"SOAP-ENC", "/soap/encoding/",
"/*/soap-encoding", NULL},
{"xsi", "/2001/XMLSchema-instance",
"/*/XMLSchema-instance", NULL},
{"xsd", "/2001/XMLSchema", "/*/XMLSchema",
NULL},
{"ns1", "", NULL, NULL},
{"wsse",
"/wss/2004/01/",
NULL, NULL},
{NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}
};
存根程序修改完成,就可以开始编写客户端程序代码了。这个web service提供了两个接口,一个是secure_echo,也就是客户端送任意信息上来,服务端就返回相同的字符串,代码如下:
#include "soapH.h"
#include ""
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if ( argc != 5 && argc != 6 ) {
printf("Usage: %s username password customer_id message [end_point]n", argv[0]);
exit(-1);
}
struct soap soap;
soap_init(&soap);
struct _ns1__sendEcho request;
struct _ns1__sendEchoResponse response;
soap_ssl_init();
if ( soap_ssl_client_context(&soap, SOAP_SSL_NO_AUTHENTICATION, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) ) {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
exit(-1);
}
struct SOAP_ENV__Header header;
__username = argv[1];
__password = argv[2];
1__customerId = argv[3];
= &header;
//soap_write_SOAP_ENV__Header(&soap, &header);
e = argv[4];
char *endpoint = NULL;
if ( argc == 6 )
endpoint = argv[5];
printf("username : %sn", __username);
printf("password : %sn", __password);
printf("customer id : %sn", 1__customerId);
printf("message : %sn", e);
if ( endpoint )
printf("end point : %sn", endpoint);
if ( soap_call___ns1__sendEcho(&soap, endpoint, NULL, &request, &response) == SOAP_OK ) {
printf("%sn", );
}
else {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
}
soap_destroy(&soap);
soap_end(&soap);
soap_done(&soap);
return 0;
}
另外一个是显示版本信息,代码如下:
#include "soapH.h"
#include ""
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if ( argc != 4 && argc != 5 ) {
printf("Usage: %s username password customer_id [end_point]n", argv[0]);
exit(-1);
}
struct soap soap;
soap_init(&soap);
struct _ns1__showVersionInformation request;
struct _ns1__showVersionInformationResponse response;
soap_ssl_init();
if ( soap_ssl_client_context(&soap, SOAP_SSL_NO_AUTHENTICATION, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) ) {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
exit(-1);
}
struct SOAP_ENV__Header header;
__username = argv[1];
__password = argv[2];
1__customerId = argv[3];
= &header;
//soap_write_SOAP_ENV__Header(&soap, &header);
char *endpoint = NULL;
if ( argc == 5 )
endpoint = argv[4];
printf("username : %sn", __username);
printf("password : %sn", __password);
printf("customer id : %sn", 1__customerId);
if ( endpoint )
printf("end point : %sn", endpoint);
if ( soap_call___ns1__showVersionInformation(&soap, endpoint, NULL, &request, &response) == SOAP_OK ) {
printf("%sn", );
}
else {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
}
soap_destroy(&soap);
soap_end(&soap);
soap_done(&soap);
return 0;
}
两个客户端程序都是一样的结构,仅仅是调用的接口不一样。与上一节的basic方式的客户端相比,usernametoken方式的用户密码不是保存在soap结构体的userid变量和passwd变量中,而是保存在header指针指向的SOAP_ENV__Header结构体中,这就是刚才我们为什么要修改SOAP_ENV__Header结构体的原因。
两个客户端程序分别保存为secure_echo.c和show_version.c,编译命令分别是:
gcc -DWITH_OPENSSL -O2 -o secure_echo secure_echo.c soapC.c soapClient.c ../../stdsoap2.c
-I../.. -L../.. -lgsoap -lssl
gcc -DWITH_OPENSSL -O2 -o show_version show_version.c soapC.c soapClient.c ../../stdsoap2.c
-I../.. -L../.. -lgsoap –lssl
由此可见,编译的源代码和链接的库文件都与上一节的没什么区别,没有使用额外的插件。
客户端程序搞掂,然后就是服务端了。
回到gSOAP的wsdl目录,按以下步骤建立服务端存根程序:
-bash-3.2$ mkdir –p secure_echo_server
-bash-3.2$ cd secure_echo_server
-bash-3.2$ cp –p ../secure_echo/secure_echo.h .
-bash-3.2$ ../../src/soapcpp2 –S –L –x secure_echo.h
与客户端程序一样,服务端同样要进行一些修改,步骤如下:
1. soapStub.h,与客户端的修改是一样的
2. soapC.c,搜索soap_in_SOAP_ENV__Header函数,注意客户端修改的是soap_out函数,这里是soap_in函数,是服务端把SOAP消息转化为SOAP对象的函数。由于客户端送上来的SOAP header消息含有Security属性,我们需要把它转为username和password。修改后的代码如下,加粗部分是修改内容:
SOAP_FMAC3 struct SOAP_ENV__Header * SOAP_FMAC4 soap_in_SOAP_ENV__Header(struct soap *soap,
const char *tag, struct SOAP_ENV__Header *a, const char *type)
{
size_t soap_flag_wsse__security = 1;
size_t soap_flag_ns1__customerId = 1;
if (soap_element_begin_in(soap, tag, 0, type))
return NULL;
a = (struct SOAP_ENV__Header *)soap_id_enter(soap, soap->id, a,
SOAP_TYPE_SOAP_ENV__Header, sizeof(struct SOAP_ENV__Header), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (!a)
return NULL;
soap_default_SOAP_ENV__Header(soap, a);
if (soap->body && !*soap->href)
{
for (;;)
{
if ( soap_flag_wsse__security ) {
if ( soap_element_begin_in(soap, NULL, 0, NULL) )
return NULL;
if ( soap_element_begin_in(soap, NULL, 0, NULL) )
return NULL;
if ( soap_in_string(soap, "", &a->wsse__username, "")
&& soap_in_string(soap, "", &a->wsse__password,
"") ) {
soap_flag_wsse__security--;
soap_element_end_in(soap, NULL);
soap_element_end_in(soap, NULL);
}
}
soap->error = SOAP_TAG_MISMATCH;
if (soap_flag_ns1__customerId && (soap->error ==
SOAP_TAG_MISMATCH || soap->error == SOAP_NO_TAG))
if (soap_in_string(soap, "ns1:customerId",
&a->ns1__customerId, "xsd:string"))
{ soap_flag_ns1__customerId--;
continue;
}
if (soap->error == SOAP_TAG_MISMATCH)
soap->error = soap_ignore_element(soap);
if (soap->error == SOAP_NO_TAG)
break;
if (soap->error)
return NULL;
}
if (soap_element_end_in(soap, tag))
return NULL;
}
else
{ a = (struct SOAP_ENV__Header *)soap_id_forward(soap, soap->href, (void*)a,
0, SOAP_TYPE_SOAP_ENV__Header, 0, sizeof(struct SOAP_ENV__Header), 0, NULL);
if (soap->body && soap_element_end_in(soap, tag))
return NULL;
}
return a;
}
服务端程序如下,到这里就没什么难度了,基本上与上一节的服务端结构差不多,注意要把几个pem证书拷贝过来(因为usernametoken方式通常都是基于HTTPS的),echo接口和show_version接口都要编写:
#include
#include "soapH.h"
#include ""
void *process_request(void *soap) {
pthread_detach(pthread_self());
if ( soap_ssl_accept((struct soap *) soap) != SOAP_OK )
soap_print_fault((struct soap *) soap, stderr);
else
soap_serve((struct soap *) soap);
soap_end((struct soap *) soap);
soap_free((struct soap *) soap);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if ( argc != 2 ) {
printf("Usage: %s portn", argv[0]);
exit(-1);
}
int port = atol(argv[1]);
pthread_t tid;
struct soap *tsoap;
struct soap soap;
soap_init(&soap);
soap_ssl_init();
if ( soap_ssl_server_context(&soap, SOAP_SSL_DEFAULT, "", "password", "", NULL, "", NULL, argv[0]) ) {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
exit(-1);
}
int m, s;
if ( (m = soap_bind(&soap, NULL, port, 100)) < 0 ) {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
}
else {
printf("Socket connect successfully: master socket = %dn", m);
int i = 0;
while ( 1 ) {
if ( (s = soap_accept(&soap)) < 0 ) {
soap_print_fault(&soap, stderr);
break;
}
printf("Connection %d accepted from IP = %d.%d.%d.%d, slave socket = %dn", ++i, ( >> 24) & 0xff, ( >> 16) & 0xff, ( >> 8) & 0xff, & 0xff, s);
tsoap = soap_copy(&soap);
if ( !tsoap ) {
soap_closesock(&soap);
continue;
}
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, &process_request, (void *) tsoap);
}
}
soap_done(&soap);
return 0;
}
int __ns1__sendEcho(
struct soap *soap,
struct _ns1__sendEcho *request,
struct _ns1__sendEchoResponse *response) {
if ( !soap->header || !soap->header->wsse__username || !soap->header->wsse__password || !soap->header->ns1__customerId
|| strcmp(soap->header->wsse__username, "roy") || strcmp(soap->header->wsse__password, "liang")
|| strcmp(soap->header->ns1__customerId, "G06164"))
return 401;
int len = strlen(request->message);
response->out = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 1));
strcpy(response->out, request->message);
return SOAP_OK;
}
int __ns1__showVersionInformation(
struct soap *soap,
struct _ns1__showVersionInformation *request,
struct _ns1__showVersionInformationResponse *response) {
if ( !soap->header || !soap->header->wsse__username || !soap->header->wsse__password || !soap->header->ns1__customerId
|| strcmp(soap->header->wsse__username, "roy") || strcmp(soap->header->wsse__password, "liang")
|| strcmp(soap->header->ns1__customerId, "G06164"))
return 401;
response->out = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * 100);
strcpy(response->out, "Username token (text) test server version 1.0");
return SOAP_OK;
}
服务端程序保存为secure_echo_server.c,编译命令是
gcc -DWITH_OPENSSL -O2 -o secure_echo_server secure_echo_server.c soapC.c
soapServer.c ../../stdsoap2.c -I../.. -L../.. -lgsoap -lssl –lcrypto
运行测试,在6883端口启动服务端,然后执行客户端
-bash-3.2$ ./show_version roy liang G06164
username : roy
password : liang
customer id : G06164
Username token (text) test server version 1.0
-bash-3.2$ ./secure_echo roy liang G06164 hello
username : roy
password : liang
customer id : G06164
message : hello
hello
以上就是gSOAP实现Usernametoken认证的方法,而且是通过自定义SOAP header实现的。个人认为,与使用wsse插件相比,这种方法更为简单直接。
另外,本案例的方法适用于以明文传送密码的情况,如果需要以摘要(digest)形式传送密码,请参考plugin目录wsseapi.c里面的soap_wsse_add_UsernameTokenDigest函数。
最后,感谢Codejie's C++ Space为本节的编写提供思路:
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