介词at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with的用法

介词

at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with

其中又以 at, by, in, on为四大“要犯”！学习介词就是要抓住这几“要犯”。有人写了一首《介词口诀》来帮助学习者；也有人写了《Preposition Song》令学习者一面唱歌一面轻松地记忆介词的用法。同学们可以借助这个方法有针对性地记忆常用介词：

1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在海边用at)

On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on)

but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at)

By the fireside we recline (放置) (在炉边用by)

2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)

Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)

We came back to Tanzania

Then across Victoria sea

3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽车用in)

Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on)

Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)

Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)

4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on)

I′ll be home at half past three (时间三点半用at)

Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for)

if you buy some beer for me (给我for me)

5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)

In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)

In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)

Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)

6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)

On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair)

Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面

)

Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边)

7. Can you tell me how to get to

Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?

Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,绕过)

Past the church and there you are

8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)

First turn left,then go straight on,

Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road,

穿过市场 )

It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)

9. There is nothing on the radio (广播on the radio)

"Songs with orchestra" they said. (with后orchestra为有形

物,无形物则用by)

I′m not interested in music (interested in 兴趣于)

so I think I′ll go to bed

10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻里)

With these prepositions-so I will say to you in English

till the next time, cheerio (加油呀) ( 直到)记住这十段歌词后，你就学到许多介词用法了。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,on。

四个介词：at，in，on，by用法。

二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置:

2.1

at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”：

1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。

2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。

3. at home 在家

4. Who’s standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？

5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面

6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。

7. at the entrance 在进口处

8. at the crossroads 在十字路口

9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢？

10. I’m in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个“点”)

11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。

12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in)

13. at the side 在一边

14. at reception 在招待会上

15. I’m at work. 我在工作。

16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公司/学校

2.2 in

把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间：

1. I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)

2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔)

3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我

姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点。因此就in

a city, at a small town. 呵呵)

4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。

5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。

6. in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)

7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )

8. in a helicopter 乘直升机

9. in a boat 乘小船

10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子，当然要用 in 啦)

11. in the newspaper 在报上

12. in the sky 在空中

13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)

14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校

2.3 on

把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面：

1 The author’s name is on the cover of the book 在书的封面上有作者的名字。

2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。

3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。

4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌子。

5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼；注意句中的 on,

at, in 的用法)

6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)

7. on a train 乘火车 (可想像“骑”在火车上，哈哈)

8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上)

9. on a ship 乘轮船

10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车

11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象

12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视

13. on the left, on the right 在左边、在右边

14. on the way 在路上

15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)

16. on the ceiling 在天花板上

17. on the floor 在地板上

2.4 by

用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)：

1. by the fire 在炉边

2. by the seaside 在海边

3. a path by the river 沿河道路

4. by the nearest road 走近路

要记忆介词的用法，就得用一点想象力加以联想。如：at home, at

the door, atthe corner等等，可想象“at家门口的角落里”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, in

a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象为“In

北京，乘汽车，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升机在空中飞”。

at, in, on, by

用来表示时间

3.1

at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄：

1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak

在黎明/在夜里/在中午/在午夜/在日出时

2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七点钟去上学。

3. at half past five (五点过半小时) 在五点半

4. at a quarter to seven (过四分之一小时就到七点) 六点四十五

分

5. The train is due at 12. (at )

那班火车的到站时间是12点15分。

6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring

Festival在中秋节/ 在圣诞节 /在春节

7. at forty 在四十岁时

3.2

in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)

指明：天、年、月、季节、周次：

1. in the morning 在早上 (不可说at the morining。鬼才知道为什么不可用at，大约因为at 没有“在…期间”的意思吧 )

2. in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午这段期间，呵呵,举一反三喔)

3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜欢在晚上工作。

4. in the day time 在白天

5. in 2002 (2002可读作two thousand two) 在2002年

6. He’s to quit in May. (in May)他在五月就辞职了。

7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他于2002年六月去东京。

8. in the second week of July 在七月份的第二周

9. It’s too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天里出外跑步是太冷了。

10. in two months 在两个月内

11. in those days 在当时

3.3

on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)指明日子、日期、星期加上早午晚

1. on the first 在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第几天)

2. We’re having a party on the fifth of June. (或 on June the

fifth)我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会。

3. on July the third 1990 在1990年7月3日

4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥会在星期天来。

5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午

6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上

7. on the next morning 隔天早上

8. on the following afternoon 在下一个傍晚

9. on the night before 在前一个晚上

the morning of 5th 在五号的早上

(你可能会说为什么不是in the morning? 如果你把morning of

抽掉,就可看出原来是on the 5th喽。morning 也可换成evening,

afternoon)

11. on the afternoon of his birthday 在他生日那天下午 (on

the afternoon 不可用 in...，同上)

3.4

by (的时候、到、等到…已经)

用在天、时间：

1. by day 白天(的时候)

2. by 2 o’clock 到两点钟

3. by this time 等到现在(已经)…

4. miss by a minute 迟一分钟

冠词误用辨析

1.中文：她在弹钢琴。

(误)She was playing piano.

(正)She was playing the piano.（演奏乐器，如piano，violin，乐器前面要加定冠词the。）

2.中文：孩子们每天早上去上学。

(误)The children go to the school every morning.

(正)The children go to school every morning.（go to school是习惯用语，不加the。）

3.中文：她有一头秀发。

(误)She has a beautiful hair.

(正)She has beautiful hair.（hair指头发的整体，是不可数名词，前面不加a。）

4.中文：她喜欢看电视。

(误)She likes to watch the TV.

(正)She likes to watch TV.（看电视，习惯上TV前不加the。）

5.中文：她在房间里听广播。

(误)She was listening to radio in the room.

(正)She was listening to the radio in the room.（听广播，习惯上radio前面加the。）

6.中文：尼罗河是埃及最长的河。

(误)Nile River is the longest river in Egypt.

(正)The Nile River is the longest river in Egypt.（在河流，山脉等名称前要用定冠词。）

7.中文：天气不错。

(误)It's a nice weather.

(正)It is nice weather.（weather是不可数名词，前面不加a。）

8.中文：下星期再见。

(误)See you again the next week.

(正)See you again next week.（next week表示将来；the next

week表示过去。）

9.中文：历史是很有趣的学科。

(误)The history is a very interesting subject.

(正)History is a very interesting subject.（学科前一般不加冠词。）

10.中文：他乘火车来这里。

(误)He came here by a train.

(正)He came here by train.（by后接交通工具，中间不加冠词。）

11.中文：今晚你可以看到满月。

(误)You may see the full moon tonight.

(正)You may see a full moon tonight.（月亮，太阳等独一无二的物体，当有形容词修饰时可加a。）

12.中文：她刚才去了保罗街

(误)She went to the Paul Street just now.

(正)She went to Paul Street just now.（街道名称前一般不加the。）

13.中文：连孩子都会做它。

(误)Even child can do it.

(正)Even a child can do it.（不定冠词＋单数名词表示某类人或物。）