高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义8

公共英语3级精讲班第8讲讲义

Dialogue

Dialogue 1:

Karen has just had her house redecorated. Her friend Jenny is visiting her and they are talking about

the decoration.

1.

Karen has just had her house redecorated.

凯伦刚刚装修过房子。

have sth done

have the letter typed

have the bike repaired

have the paper written

2.

But how did you two find the time to fix it up so nicely?

你们俩是如何找到时间把家装饰的这么漂亮的呢？

fix up 修理、重新装饰或改装某物

He fixed up the cottage before they moved in.

3.

The architect and Tom put their heads together to discuss what we wanted and what was possible.

建筑师和汤姆交换意见讨论我们需要什么和什么是可能的。

put one’s head together 交流思想，交流意见

I’m sure that we can solve the problem if we all put our heads together.

4.

After a few meetings, they came up with some super ideas that everybody agreed with.

开完会后，他们想到了一些大家都同意的好主意。

come up with找到或提出方法

She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.

5.

We were able to make do with the materials we already have.

我们能够用已经有的材料凑活着用。

make do with 用某事勉强应付，将就，凑活

We were in a hurry so we had to make do with a quick snack.

6.

It’s funny how people can find solution after they kick something around for a while.

kick sth around/round 随便商谈，非正式的讨论（计划，想法等）

We’ll kick some ideas around and make a decision tomorrow.

Dialogue 2:

Meng Di is a pro at playing videogames. He is now teaching Su Ling, his friend, how to play a

videogame on his home computer.

1. Your job is to move your gun underneath them before the bombs hit the grounds.

你的工作是在炸弹落地爆炸之前移动它们下面的手枪。

underneath 在---下面

1) below 低于

That part of the country is below sea level.

2) under 垂直向下

We rested under a big tree.

3) beneath (文学作品)

The heroine of the opera is a girl who defying the opposition of her parents courageously married beneath

her.

4) underneath 完全隐蔽或掩盖起来

I am wearing a fur-lined vest underneath this coat.

2. If you hold it down, it loads bullets automatically and fires continuously.

如果你把它按下，子弹就会自动持续的射出。

hold sth down 使某事物保持低水平，压制住某物

The rate of inflation must be held down.

3. For now I’d like to concentrate on getting the bet score ever on this game.

现在我想集中精力保持这项游戏的最高分。

concentrate on 集中精力做某事

I can’t concentrate on my studies with all the noise going on.

We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.

6. I think you are hooked.

我想你已经上瘾了。

be hooked (on sth)

She is completely hooked on the idea of camping holiday.

Monologue 1

Sara is specialist of domestic science. She is now talking to new parents about how to ensure their

children’s safety at home.

1. Although , some of these come with childproof safety caps, many times this is not enough to protect

the child.

虽然有些有对儿童安全的安全盖，这经常并不足以保护儿童。

2. These are available at most drug and department stores, and will prevent the child from putting his

fingers into the sockets.

这些在大多数的药店和百货商店都能买到，会防止孩子把手指放进插座里。

1）available 可用的或可得到的

Tickets are available at the box office

This was the only available room.

2) prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

Nobody can prevent us from getting married.

We should try our best to prevent the disease from spreading.

3. No matter how busy you are, always take time out to check that your child hasn’t gotten hold of

something that could hurt him.

不管你有多忙，你都要抽时间检查你的孩子没有抓到可以伤害到他的东西。

take time out to do sth 拿出时间做某事

get/catch/grab/seize/take hold of 抓住某物

I threw the rope and he caught hold of it.

Monologue 2:

1.

I’ve been married for 12 years, but quit my job and took up housekeeping the year after my

marriage.

我已经结婚12年了，但是我结婚后就辞职照顾家庭了。

take up doing sth 开始做某事

2.

Daily household chores keep me on my toes; I am delighted all day long.

日常家庭生活使我非常有活力，我每天都非常高兴。

on one’s toe 准备行动的，警觉的

The constant threat of danger kept us all on our toes.

3.

Humming like a bee around the house, I’ve never had the feeling of boredom and inanity.

象蜜蜂一样的忙碌，我从来没有感觉到厌倦和空虚。

humming like a bee 象蜜蜂一样的忙碌（现在分词短语作伴随状语）

4.

While I see my beloved walking out of the house beamingly and briskly out of my sight, my heart

blooms with joy and satisfaction.

当我看到我的爱人愉快的走出房子生气勃勃的消失在我的视线里，我的心充满了快乐与满足。

see sb doing sth

bloom with sth

1）

草木茂盛

The garden is blooming with spring flowers.

2）

由于某种原因处于健康的状态

They were blooming with health and happiness.

5.

Besides, he always has his lunch in a neglected way at his workplace.

他总是在工作地方随便的吃饭

in a neglected way 不在意，不留心，马马乎乎

Passage

Passage:

The following passage talks about the comfortable life of Mrs. Chambers after her retirement.

1. The island farm had been owned by the Chambers family for many years, passing on from father to

son.

这个岛上的农场从祖上传下来属于乾博家族已经很多年了。

be owned by 属于---

pass on from --- to --- 从---传下来

2. But it was only old Tom MaAleer, frightening her for fun.

只有老汤姆·麦勒吓唬她以此寻求乐趣。

frighten sb for fun

3. She finds it hard to stay away.

她发现很难不收看这个节目。

stay away (from sb/sth)

Tell him to stay away from my sister.

4. It’s just a few who make all the trouble.

只有其中几个人会引起麻烦。

make all the trouble

5. The rest of us want to live in peace.

其余的人想安安稳稳的过日子。

live in peace

6. The racing results come on.

比赛的结果开始了。

come on 开始

The rain came on

It came on to rain.

1.

She leans forward to watch.

她往前屈身想看到结果。

lean forward to do sth

Exercises

Exercises:

Use of English

1． composed由--- 组成或构成， compounded复合的， combined联合的， mingle混合在一起的

2． fundamental基本的，prevalent流行的，essential基本的，principal主要的

4. permanently持久的，永久的, consequently结果, temporarily短暂的, finally最后的

12. husk外壳，外皮, shell壳, leaf叶, peel皮

17. attention to注意, consideration考虑, caution警告, concentration集中精力

非谓语动词

非谓语动词

不定式、动名词和分词称为非谓语动词。这三种在句中不做谓语,也不受人称和数的限制。

1) 不定式

不定式

一般式 to do

用法 例句

表示动作与谓语动词的I am glad to meet you.

动作几乎同时发生，或在(同时发生)

之后发生。

完成式 to have done

He asked me to go with

him.(之后发生)

表示动作发生在谓语动I am glad to say that

词所表示的动作之前 you have passed the

exam.

一般式被动 to be done 逻辑主语是不定式表示They are said to be

动作的承担者时， looked after very well

所表示的动作与谓语动in that school.

词的动作同时发生或在

其后发生

完成式被动 to have been done 逻辑主语是不定式表示The book is said to

动作的承担者时，所表示have been translated

的动作在谓语动词动作into many other

之前发生 language.

特殊词汇的不定式:

使役动词make. let, have,与感官动词see, hear, feel, observe, watch 后跟不定式做宾语补足语时,不带“to”, make/let/have sb do sth , see/hear/feel/observe/watch sb do sth但是在这些词的被动语态中,要增加动词不定式标记”to” ,如

I saw her sing in the next room.

She was seen to sing in the next room.

The teachers always make them do so much homework.

They are always made to do so much homework.

More and more trucks are seen ______ between these two towns these days.

A. run B. to run C. be running D. being run

答案为B

The father was delighted to hear the child ________ that.

A. to say B. to have said C. say D. said

答案为C

2) 动名词

动名词 用法 例句

一般式 doing 表示动作与谓语动词的I enjoyed playing with

动作几乎同时发生，或在you.

之后发生。

完成式

一般式被动

having done

being done

表示动作发生在谓语动He admitted having

词所表示的动作之前

动作的承担者时，

所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生

made such a mistake.

recognized in public.

逻辑主语是动名词表示He avoided being

完成式被动 having been done 逻辑主语是动名词表示Tom admitted having

动作的承担者时，所表示been treated unfairly.

的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生

I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) ________ with his classmates.

答案为talking

Hearing the bell rang, the students stopped (joke) _________ with each other.

答案为joking

可带动名词作宾语不带不定式作宾语的动词:

enjoy, suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help, mind, require, postpone, put off, delay, practice,

fancy, excuse, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss等

带不定式作宾语不带动名词作宾语的动词:

want, wish, expect, ask, manage, prefer, pretend, decide等

既可带动名词作宾语又可带不定式作宾语的动词:

love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear,

propose, need, want, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等

常用词remember, forget, stop, go 和regret 后面接动名词和不定式的意义不同

remember doing sth 表示记得做过什么

remember to do sth 表示记得要做什么

I remember locking the door when I left the office.

Remember to lock the door.

forget doing sth 表示忘记做过什么

forget to do sth 表示忘记去做什么

I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall.

She always forgets to write letters to me.

regret doing sth 表示后悔做了某事

regret to do sth 表示对要做的事情感到遗憾

He regretted having told them about this.

We regret to tell you that you have failed in the exam.

stop doing 表示停止正在做的事情

stop to so sth 表示停下来一件事去做另一件事

Stop smoking.

Let’s stop to have a rest.

go on doing sth 表示持续原来在做的动作

go on to do sth 表示接着开始新的动作

Go on trying until you succeed.

We will go on to discuss the problem.

like doing sth 表示喜欢

like to do sth 表示选择,习惯

try doing sth 尝试做某事

try to do sth 尽力做某事

3) 现在分词

现在分词

一般式 doing

用法 例句

表示动作与谓语动词的Following Tom, they

动作几乎同时发生，或在started to run.

之后发生。

完成式 having done 表示动作发生在谓语动Having received the

词所表示的动作之前 invitation, they

decided to go to the

party.

一般式被动 being done 逻辑主语是表示动作的Being welcomed by the

承担者时， audience, the musician

所表示的动作与谓语动went to the concert

词的动作同时发生或在happily.

其后发生

完成式被动 having been done 逻辑主语是表示动作的Having been written in

承担者时，所表示的动作haste, the book is far

在谓语动词动作之前发from being perfect.

生

______, he can quickly find out what’s wrong with the medicine.

A. Having been well trained B. Having well trained

C. To be well trained D. To have been well trained

答案为A

本题考查分词短语作状语，he 是train 动作的承受者，所以应该用被动语态，train的动作发生在find out之前，所以应该用完成时态。

4) 过去分词 done

(See) _________ from the top of the hill, the village is very beautiful.

答案为Seen

使用现在分词还是现在分词根据分词与其逻辑主语的主被动关系来判断，句中see与 village构成被动关系。

John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair) ________ there.

答案为repaired

根据固定搭配have sth done可判断出此处应该使用repair的过去分词。

现在分词与过去分词的区别

确定使用现在分词还是过去分词主要是由动词是否及物和它的语义决定的。

不及物动词：时间差异

现在分词表示正在进行或目前的状态，过去分词表示已经完成的动作或目前已存在的状态。

falling leaves 正在落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶

boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water开水

developing country发展中国家 developed country发达国家

及物动词: 语态差异

现在分词表示主动的含义, 所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者,而过去分词表示被动的意义,所修饰的人和物是动作的承受者.

Exciting sport令人兴奋的运动 excited people兴奋的人们

Interesting stories令人感兴奋的故事 interested readers有兴趣的读者

A charming girl 迷人的女孩 a charmed boy 着迷的男孩